Working of Institutions
MCQS
Q1(NCERT): If you are elected as the President of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
Q2: Who is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha?
(a) Speaker
(b) Vice President
(c) President
(d) Prime Minister
Q3: SEBC stands for
(a) Socially and Ergonomically Beneficial Classes
(b) Socially and Elegant Backward Classes
(c) Socially and Economically Blocked Classes
(d) Socially and Economically Backward Classes
Q4(NCERT): Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director-General of Police
Q5: The president of India is elected by
(a) Direct election by citizens who are 18 years of age
(b) Indirect Election by the Electoral College
(c) The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers
(d) None of the theses
Q6(NCERT): Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs the approval of the Supreme Court
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated
Q7: Chief Justice of India is appointed by
(a) The Prime Minister
(b) The Law Minister
(c) Voting among High Court Judges
(d) The President
Q8(NCERT): Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Q9(CBSE 2010): The President of India is:
(a) Head of the Government
(b) Head of the State
(c) Head of the parliament
(d) None of these
Q10: Which of the following is NOT part of Council of Ministers
(a) Lok Sabha Speaker
(b) Cabinet Ministers
(c) Ministers of State with independent charge
(d) Ministers of State
Q11(CBSE 2010): Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) The Judiciary safeguards the laws
(b) The Legislature implements the laws
(c) The political executives are more powerful than the permanent executives
(d) The permanent executives comprise the civil servants
Q12: Which of the following is also called 'Upper Chamber'?
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Rajya Sabha
(c) Legislative Council
(d) Council of Ministers
Q13: Which of the following has more powers in money matters?
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Rajya Sabha
(c) Permanent Executives
(d) None of these
Q14: A person who is not a member of Parliament is appointed as Minister. He has to get elected to one of the houses of Parliament within
(a) a month
(b) three months
(c) six months
(d) stipulated time as fixed by the President
Answers:
1: (c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
2: (a) Speaker
3: (d) Socially and Economically Backward Classes
4: (c) Home Minister
5: (b) Indirect Election by the Electoral College
6: (a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs the approval of the Supreme Court
7: (d) The President
8: (d) The Parliament
9: (b) Head of the State
10: (a) Lok Sabha Speaker
11: (b) The Legislature implements the laws
12: (b) Rajya Sabha
13: (a) Lok Sabha
14: (c) six months
Q1: What do you mean by the term institution? Why are they required?
Answer: Several arrangements are made in all modern democracies to perform various tasks. Such arrangements are called institutions. Some of the tasks performed by these institutions are:
1. To ensure security to the citizens and provide facilities for education and health to all.
2. To collect taxes and spend the money thus raised on administration, defence and development programmes.
3. To formulate and implement several welfare schemes.
4. To solve the disputes: if they arise on various decisions or on their implementation.
Democracy works well when the various institutions perform functions assigned to them.
Q2: Which three institutions are responsible to run a democratic government in India? Mention their respective roles.
Answer: The three institutions responsible to run a democratic government in India are:
1. Legislature:
It is the assembly of people's representatives with power to enact laws for a country. In addition to enacting laws, legislatures have the authority to raise taxes and adopt the budget and other money bills. At the national level; it is called Parliament and at the state level, it is called Legislative Assembly.
2. Executive:
The functionaries at different levels of the government who take a day to day decisions are collectively known as an executive. They are in charge of the execution of policies of the government. e.g. President, Prime Minister and Cabinet Ministers.
3. Judiciary:
All courts at different levels of the country put together are called judiciary. The Indian Judiciary consists of the Supreme Court for the entire nation, High' courts at the state level, District courts and the courts at the local level.
Q3: What is Parliament? Discuss the powers and functions of the Parliament.
Answer: In all democracies, an assembly of elected representatives exercises supreme political authority on behalf of the people. In India, such a national assembly of elected representatives is called the Parliament.
The powers and functions of the Parliament are:
1. It has the power to legislate on all the subjects under the jurisdiction of the central government.
2. It passes ordinary and financial bills.
3. It approves emergency proclaimed by the President.
4. Elected members of both the houses of the Parliament participate in the elections of the President of India.
5. The Vice President is elected by the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
6. It has the power to remove the President, Vice President and Judges of the High Court and Supreme Court through special procedures.
7. It also exercises control over the executive.
8. It also discusses the policies of the government.
Q4: Distinguish between the two houses of the Parliament.
Answer:
Q5: 'Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.',Justify.
Answer:
1. Ordinary Bill: Any ordinary bill needs to be passed by both the houses. But if there is a difference in opinion between the two houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session. Because of the larger number of members, the view of the Lok Sabha is likely to prevail in such a meeting.
2. Money Bill: Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money-related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes.
3. No-Confidence Motion: The Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. Only a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members in the Lok Sabha is appointed as the Prime Minister. If the majority of the Lok Sabha members say they have 'no confidence' in the Council of Ministers, all ministers including the Prime Minister, have to quit. The Rajya Sabha does not have this power.
Q6: Distinguish between political executive and permanent executive.
Answer:
Q7: The political executive is more powerful than the non-political executive'. Why?
Answer:
1. In a democracy the will of the people is supreme. The political leaders are elected by the people and thus empowered to exercise the will of the people on their behalf.
2. All the non-political executives are the experts in their field but the decision on all policies are taken by the political executive.
3. The ministers can take the advice of the experts on all technical matters, but the final decision is taken by them.
Q8: Explain the powers and functions of the Prime Minister.
Answer: The Prime Minister is the head of the Central Govt. He is the chief advisor of the President and exercises all the powers vested in the name of the President of India. His power and functions are as follows:-
1. He selects the members of the cabinet, allocate portfolios and can dismiss any minister.
2. He is the head of the cabinet ministers and presides over the meetings with them.
3. He coordinates the work of different departments.
4. In case of disagreement between the departments, his decisions are final.
5. He exercises general supervisions of different ministries.
6. He distributes and redistributes work to the ministers.
7. He has the power to dismiss ministers. When he quits, the entire ministry quits.
Q9: 'The Prime Minister of coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes.' Give reasons.
Answer: The Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes because:
1. He has to accommodate different groups and factions in his party as well as among alliance partners.
2. He also has to pay heed to the views of the coalition partners and other parties, on whose support the survival of the government depends.
MCQS
Q1(NCERT): If you are elected as the President of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
Q2: Who is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha?
(a) Speaker
(b) Vice President
(c) President
(d) Prime Minister
Q3: SEBC stands for
(a) Socially and Ergonomically Beneficial Classes
(b) Socially and Elegant Backward Classes
(c) Socially and Economically Blocked Classes
(d) Socially and Economically Backward Classes
Q4(NCERT): Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director-General of Police
Q5: The president of India is elected by
(a) Direct election by citizens who are 18 years of age
(b) Indirect Election by the Electoral College
(c) The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers
(d) None of the theses
Q6(NCERT): Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs the approval of the Supreme Court
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated
Q7: Chief Justice of India is appointed by
(a) The Prime Minister
(b) The Law Minister
(c) Voting among High Court Judges
(d) The President
Q8(NCERT): Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Q9(CBSE 2010): The President of India is:
(a) Head of the Government
(b) Head of the State
(c) Head of the parliament
(d) None of these
Q10: Which of the following is NOT part of Council of Ministers
(a) Lok Sabha Speaker
(b) Cabinet Ministers
(c) Ministers of State with independent charge
(d) Ministers of State
Q11(CBSE 2010): Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) The Judiciary safeguards the laws
(b) The Legislature implements the laws
(c) The political executives are more powerful than the permanent executives
(d) The permanent executives comprise the civil servants
Q12: Which of the following is also called 'Upper Chamber'?
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Rajya Sabha
(c) Legislative Council
(d) Council of Ministers
Q13: Which of the following has more powers in money matters?
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Rajya Sabha
(c) Permanent Executives
(d) None of these
Q14: A person who is not a member of Parliament is appointed as Minister. He has to get elected to one of the houses of Parliament within
(a) a month
(b) three months
(c) six months
(d) stipulated time as fixed by the President
Answers:
1: (c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
2: (a) Speaker
3: (d) Socially and Economically Backward Classes
4: (c) Home Minister
5: (b) Indirect Election by the Electoral College
6: (a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs the approval of the Supreme Court
7: (d) The President
8: (d) The Parliament
9: (b) Head of the State
10: (a) Lok Sabha Speaker
11: (b) The Legislature implements the laws
12: (b) Rajya Sabha
13: (a) Lok Sabha
14: (c) six months
Q1: What do you mean by the term institution? Why are they required?
Answer: Several arrangements are made in all modern democracies to perform various tasks. Such arrangements are called institutions. Some of the tasks performed by these institutions are:
1. To ensure security to the citizens and provide facilities for education and health to all.
2. To collect taxes and spend the money thus raised on administration, defence and development programmes.
3. To formulate and implement several welfare schemes.
4. To solve the disputes: if they arise on various decisions or on their implementation.
Democracy works well when the various institutions perform functions assigned to them.
Q2: Which three institutions are responsible to run a democratic government in India? Mention their respective roles.
Answer: The three institutions responsible to run a democratic government in India are:
1. Legislature:
It is the assembly of people's representatives with power to enact laws for a country. In addition to enacting laws, legislatures have the authority to raise taxes and adopt the budget and other money bills. At the national level; it is called Parliament and at the state level, it is called Legislative Assembly.
2. Executive:
The functionaries at different levels of the government who take a day to day decisions are collectively known as an executive. They are in charge of the execution of policies of the government. e.g. President, Prime Minister and Cabinet Ministers.
3. Judiciary:
All courts at different levels of the country put together are called judiciary. The Indian Judiciary consists of the Supreme Court for the entire nation, High' courts at the state level, District courts and the courts at the local level.
Q3: What is Parliament? Discuss the powers and functions of the Parliament.
Answer: In all democracies, an assembly of elected representatives exercises supreme political authority on behalf of the people. In India, such a national assembly of elected representatives is called the Parliament.
The powers and functions of the Parliament are:
1. It has the power to legislate on all the subjects under the jurisdiction of the central government.
2. It passes ordinary and financial bills.
3. It approves emergency proclaimed by the President.
4. Elected members of both the houses of the Parliament participate in the elections of the President of India.
5. The Vice President is elected by the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
6. It has the power to remove the President, Vice President and Judges of the High Court and Supreme Court through special procedures.
7. It also exercises control over the executive.
8. It also discusses the policies of the government.
Q4: Distinguish between the two houses of the Parliament.
Answer:
SNo.
|
Attribute
|
Lok Sabha
|
Raj Sabha
|
1.
|
Also called
|
House of the People
|
Council of States
|
2.
|
Elections
|
Members are directly elected by the people.
|
Members are indirectly elected by the members of the legislative assemblies of the states.
|
3.
|
Tenure
|
Its members are elected for 5 yrs, But it can be dissolved before the
expiry of its term.
|
It is a permanent house. Its members are elected for a period of 6 years.
|
4.
|
|||
5.
|
Eligibility
|
A person must be a citizen of India and atleast 25 years of age.
|
A person must be a citizen of India and atleast 30 years of age.
|
6.
|
Power
|
Lok Sabha is more powerful than Rajya Sabha.
|
Rajya Sabha is not as powerful as the Lok Sabha.
|
7.
|
No. of Members
|
It can have 552 Members. Out of these 530 are elected from different states and the remaining 29 from Union Territories. 2 members can be nominated by the President from Anglo — Indian Community.
|
It has 250 members. 238 are representatives from the states and Union
Territories and 12 are nominated by the President of India.
|
Q5: 'Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.',Justify.
Answer:
1. Ordinary Bill: Any ordinary bill needs to be passed by both the houses. But if there is a difference in opinion between the two houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session. Because of the larger number of members, the view of the Lok Sabha is likely to prevail in such a meeting.
2. Money Bill: Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money-related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes.
3. No-Confidence Motion: The Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. Only a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members in the Lok Sabha is appointed as the Prime Minister. If the majority of the Lok Sabha members say they have 'no confidence' in the Council of Ministers, all ministers including the Prime Minister, have to quit. The Rajya Sabha does not have this power.
Q6: Distinguish between political executive and permanent executive.
Answer:
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
|
PERMANENT EXECUTIVE
|
|
1.
|
They are elected by the people for a specific period.
|
They are appointed by the government for a long period.
|
2.
|
They make laws and policies.
|
They are in-charge of execution of the policies of the government.
|
3.
|
They can be changed in the next elections.
|
They are permanent and remain in office even when the ruling party
changes.
|
Q7: The political executive is more powerful than the non-political executive'. Why?
Answer:
1. In a democracy the will of the people is supreme. The political leaders are elected by the people and thus empowered to exercise the will of the people on their behalf.
2. All the non-political executives are the experts in their field but the decision on all policies are taken by the political executive.
3. The ministers can take the advice of the experts on all technical matters, but the final decision is taken by them.
Q8: Explain the powers and functions of the Prime Minister.
Answer: The Prime Minister is the head of the Central Govt. He is the chief advisor of the President and exercises all the powers vested in the name of the President of India. His power and functions are as follows:-
1. He selects the members of the cabinet, allocate portfolios and can dismiss any minister.
2. He is the head of the cabinet ministers and presides over the meetings with them.
3. He coordinates the work of different departments.
4. In case of disagreement between the departments, his decisions are final.
5. He exercises general supervisions of different ministries.
6. He distributes and redistributes work to the ministers.
7. He has the power to dismiss ministers. When he quits, the entire ministry quits.
Q9: 'The Prime Minister of coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes.' Give reasons.
Answer: The Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes because:
1. He has to accommodate different groups and factions in his party as well as among alliance partners.
2. He also has to pay heed to the views of the coalition partners and other parties, on whose support the survival of the government depends.
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