Class 10 Social Science I: Chapter 01 Revolutions That Influenced The World - Questions and Answers
SCERT Solutions for SSLC History Chapterwise
Class 10 History: Chapter 01 Revolutions That Influenced The World
1._____________slogan was raised by the people of America as a part of
powerful agitation
- No taxation without representation
2. Which was the slogan that thundered along with different parts of North America?
- No taxation without representation
3. Who propagate the slogan “No taxation without representation”?
- James Ottis
4. “Everyone has some fundamental rights. No government has the right to
suspend them”. Who said this?
- John Locke
5. Who prepared the pamphlet titled common sense?
- Thomas Pine
6.“There is something absurd, in supposing a continent (North America) be perpetually governed by a foreign power (England).”Whose statement was this?
- Thomas Paine
6. In which year the First Continental Congress held on?
- 1774
7. First Continental Congress held at ------------
- Philadelphia
8. In which year the Second Continental Congress held on?
- 1775
9. Second continental congress held at ---------------
- Philadelphia
10. In which year the American Continental Congress issued the famous Declaration of Independence?
- 1776
11. According to a treaty, England recognised the freedom of thirteen American colonies. Name the Treaty.
- Treaty of Paris (1783)
12. Who was the leader for the preparation of the American constitution?
- James Madison
13. Who was the first president of the United States of America?
- George Washington
14. In which year the French Revolution started
- 1789
15. "I am the state." God has given absolute power to the King over his subjects and only God has the authority to question him. Whose statement is it?
- Louis XIV
16. "After me, the deluge. Whose statement is it?
- Louis XV
17."If they can't eat bread, let them eat cake."Whose statement is it?
- Mary Antoinette
18. Name the Tax collected by the clergy from the peasants in France
- Tithe
19. Name the Tax collected by the government from the peasants in France.
- Taille
20. Name the legislative assembly of France during the period of Bourbon kings
- The States-General
21.“When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches a cold”. Whose statement was this?
- Metternich, the Austrian Chancellor
22. Napoleon was defeated by the European Alliance in the battle of ---------------- in 1815.
- Waterloo
23. Who was the leader of Mensheviks
- Alexander Kerensky
24. Who were the leaders of Bolsheviks
- Lenin and Trotsky
25. The workers' organizations formed in Russia is called-----------
- Soviets
26. Name the Legislative Assembly of Russia during the period of Tsars
- Duma
27. Who was the Russian emperor during the period of the Revolution
- Nicholas II
28. Who was the chairman of the cabinet formed after the Russian Revolution?
- Lenin
29. What was the main purpose of the migrated population in America in the 16th century?
- To exploit the resources.
30. What is the reason for the emergence of the Enlightenment in Europe? How did the Enlightenment inspire the various revolutions?
• progress in science brought about by the Renaissance
• propagated the ideas like liberty, equality, democracy and nationalism - protest against the prevailing system.
31. How did the British use the American colonies for economic gain?
- The British treated the American colonies as centres for collecting raw materials for their industry and as market for selling their products
32. Define Mercantilism
- The British treated the American colonies as centres for collecting raw materials for their industry and as the market for selling their products. This policy implemented by the British merchants with the help of their motherland in the American colonies is known as Mercantilism
33. List the Mercantilist Laws
• The goods to and from the colonies must be carried only in British ships or ships built in the British colonies.
• British stamp must be affixed on all the legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, license, etc.
• Import tax must be paid for the import of tea, glass, paper, etc.
• Products of the colonies like sugar, wool, cotton, tobacco, etc. could only be exported to England.
• Colonies must provide food and quarters for the British troops which were maintained in the colonies.
34.How the thinkers influence the revolution?
• No taxation without representation by framed by James Ottis.
• The ideologies of some thinkers also stimulated the people of the colonies to fight against
• the exploitative laws of the British.-John Locke, Thomas Paine
• John Locke - Everyone has some fundamental rights. No government has the right to suspend them.
• Thomas Paine- There is something absurd, in supposing a continent
(North America) be
• perpetually governed by a foreign power (England).
35. Write a brief note about Continental Congress.
* First Continental Congress.
- The delegates of all the colonies except Georgia met at Philadelphia in 1774 to protest against the policies and rules imposed by England. It is known as the First Continental Congress. Subsequently, the people of the colonies submitted a petition to the King of England. They demanded the revocation of the regulations enforced on industry and commerce and not to impose tax without the approval of the people. But the king sent a military force to suppress the people. This led to the war between England and the colonies.
* Second Continental Congress.
- The Second Continental Congress held in Philadelphia in 1775 elected George Washington as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. During this time, through the pamphlet titled 'Common Sense, Thomas Paine declared that it was wise for the Americans to break the ties with Britain
36. Explain about Declaration of Independence
- The American Continental Congress issued the famous Declaration of Independence on 4July 1776. The declaration was prepared by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.
37.How America become Independent
• According to the Treaty of Paris in 1783, England ratified the freedom of thirteen colonies.
• The declaration was prepared by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin
• The Constitution Convention held at Philadelphia under the leadership of James Madison, framed
• the American Constitution.
• George Washington - the first president of the United States of America
38. Regarding human rights and freedom, what all can you find in the Declaration of Independence?
• All are equal
• Everyone has certain rights People have unalienable rights
• Right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness
• Destructive government must be changed
39. Results in American War of Independence
OR
“The American war of independence has influenced the history of the world”. Evaluate the statement.
• Gave direction and motivation to the later freedom struggles and revolutions all over the world
• Put forward the concept of a republican form of government
• Prepared the first written constitution.
• Contributed to the concept of a federal system that ensured freedom and authority of states in the union
40. How did the American War of Independence aggravate the financial crisis in France?
- The financial and military assistance given to American colonies by the French rulers aggravated the financial crisis in France.
41. How did the ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine contribute to the American War of independence?
• John Locke - Everyone has some fundamental rights. No government has the right to suspend them.
• Thomas Paine -There is something absurd, in supposing a continent (North America) be perpetually governed by a foreign power(England).
• Their ideas stimulated the American people to fight against Britain.
42. What is a revolution?
- Revolutions are struggles to replace the existing system that denies freedom and rights.
43. What are the Causes of the French Revolution
* The dictatorial rule of the kings and the life of luxury and they were squanders
- The French autocratic rulers were squandered. Injustice, inequality and exploitation prevailed. It is clear from this that while the majority in France lived in misery a minority, including the rulers, led a life of luxury and extravagance.
* The social and economic inequality existed in France.
The French society was divided into three strata and they were known as the Estates. The clergy belonged to the first estate, the nobles to the second estate and ordinary people to the third estate. The ordinary people were denied rights and were heavily taxed. The higher clergy and the nobles held vast land and exempted from taxes. They collected different types of taxes. Traditionally, each Estate would vote as a group and had one vote. As a result, the nobility and the clergy could always overrule the Third Estate.
The first two Estates argued for an Estate-wise single voting system, while the Third Estate (the Commons) demanded the individual vote for each member of all the three estates. While the arguments went on, the members of the Third Estate declared themselves as the National Assembly of France. They assembled in the tennis court nearby and swore not to leave until they had framed a constitution of France. This event is known as the 'Tennis Court Oath.
* Influence of thinkers
- Voltaire
• Ridiculed the exploitation of clergy.
• Promoted rational thinking, ideals of equality and humanism.
- Rousseau
• Spelled out the importance of freedom with the statement, 'Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.
• Declared that the people are the sovereign.
- Montesquieu
• Encouraged democracy and the Republic.
• Suggested division of powers of the government into the legislature, executive, and judiciary
* The luxurious life and squander of the Bourbon kings
- The luxurious life and squander of the Bourbon kings, clergy and lords and the frequent wars they waged, along with the frequent spells of drought and crop failure, brought France to the brink of bankruptcy. The financial and military assistance given to American colonies in the American War of Independence also aggravated the financial crisis in France. To levy new taxes upon commoners, Louis XVI summoned the States-General, the legislative assembly of the representatives from all the three estates, in 1789.
14 July 1789 Revolutionaries stormed with the slogan 'liberty, equality, and fraternity, demolished the Bastille prison, the symbol of Bourbon monarchy. This event is considered the commencement of the French Revolution.
44. What are the important incidents French revolution
• Demolition of the Bastille prison
• 3- October 1789- Thousands of women marched from Paris to the Palace of Versailles with the slogan 'Give us bread'.
• 12 August 1789- The National Assembly passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
• 4- September 1792 The National Convention, formed as per the new constitution, proclaimed France as a republic.
45. How the French revolution influences the world.
OR
"When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches Cold" Explain the results of the French Revolution based on this statement.
• Stimulated all the later revocations in the world.
• Ended the feudal system in Europe and threatened the autocratic rulers
• Proclaimed the nation is not merely a region, but the people
• Contributed to the concept of people’s sovereignty
• Led to the emergence of nationalism
• Helped the emergence of nationalism
• Helped the growth of the middle class
• Spread the ideas of equality, liberty and fraternity
46. How Napolean came into power in France
- Napoleon Bonaparte for a short period. Napoleon played a crucial role in defeating the European alliance which was formed under the leadership of Britain against France in the post-revolution period. He seized the power in France in 1799. Though an autocrat, he instituted several reforms in France. Napoleon was defeated by the European Alliance in the battle of Waterloo and lost his power in 1815.
47. What are Napoleon's administrative reforms.
• Farmers were made the owners of the land
• Exercised state's control over the clergy
• Formed 'sinking fund' with the aim to avoid public debt
• Established Bank of France to centralize finance
• Constructed several roads for transportation
• Prepared a new code of law by codifying the existing laws
48. Why did European countries unite against Napoleon?
• European countries feared that Napoleon's reforms, based on the French revolution, would spread throughout Europe.
49. Choose the correct answer from the brackets.
A) Which of the following is not a feature of the Bourbon rule in France?
(Autocracy, squander, Democracy, Luxury Life)
B) Who Suggested division of powers of the government into the legislature, executive, and judiciary
(Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Louis XVI)
Answer:
A) Democracy
B) Montesquieu
50. How did the French Revolution influence the reforms of Napoleon?
• The growth of the middle class, the end of feudalism, nationalism
• Farmers became the owners of the land
• Sinking Fund
• Roads were built
• Control over the clergy
• Established Bank of France to centralize finance
• Prepared a new code of law by codifying the existing laws
51. How did the European colonization affect Latin America. Explain.
• Propagated language, religions and customs
• Houses and churches built in Spanish style
• Established educational institutions
• Introduced farming methods and crops
• Racial discrimination
• Do not allow commercial contact
• Spreading new diseases
• Spanish goods were not allowed to be made in the colonies
• enslaved the natives to work
52. Name the Latin American countries that were liberated from European colonialism.
• Mexico, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Venezuela, Brazil
53.The circumstances that led the Russian Revolution
• Oppressive rule and backwardness of the country and misery of the people
• Farmers and factory workers in Russia led a tragic life under the autocracy of the Tzartist emperors, who ruled Russia.
• The low agricultural production affected the farmer's income. Moreover, the landless farmers had to pay a huge tax.
• Though Russia was rich in natural resources, their industrial production was meagre. It was the foreigners who controlled a majority of the industries that existed there.
• Defeat and disgrace in the Russia-Japanee war
• Hope given by the Revolution of 1905
54. What were the changes in Russia with the defeat of the war with Japan in 1905?
• Bloody Sunday
• Formation of Duma
• led to the Russian Revolution
55. What is called the Bloody Sunday.
- The workers organized a huge march at Petrograd on 9 January 1905 demanding political rights and economic reforms. The march was fired at by the soldiers and hundreds of demonstrators were massacred. This event is known as Bloody Sunday. Great setback in the first world war 1914
56. Influence of writers and thinkers
- Maxim Gorky, Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev, Anton Chekov, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Based on the Marxist ideologies, the Social Democratic Workers Party was formed. Later, this party was split into the Mensheviks (Minority) and the Bolsheviks (Majority). The main leaders of the Bolsheviks were Lenin and Trotsky Alexander Kerensky led the Mensheviks.
57. Duma
- Workers' organizations called "the Soviets" were formed all over Russia to conduct strikes. When the strikes gained massive strength, the emperor was compelled to form a legislative assembly called Duma. Ignoring the protest from Duma, Nicholas II, the then Tsar decided to participate in the First World War. A lot of Russian soldiers were killed in this war.
58. Though Russia was rich in natural resources, farmers and factory workers in Russia led a tragic life under the autocracy of the Tsarist Emperors. Why?
• The despotic rule of the Tzar
• The low agricultural production affected the farmer's income.
• The landless farmers had to pay huge tax.
• Industries were controlled by foreigners.
59. February Revolution.
• Food shortage became severe by 1917.
• Thousands of women marched along the streets of Petrograd on 8 March 1917 clamouring for bread.
• The workers organized a protest march in Petrograd.
• Though the soldiers clashed with the demonstrators in the beginning, later they joined the workers.
• It was the tragic experience during the First World War that induced them to do so.
• The workers captured Petrograd and Nicholas II was thrown out of power.
• A provisional government was formed under Alexander Kerensky, the Menshevik leader.
• Since the Russian calendar was a few days behind the international calendar, this revolution that took place in March came to be known as the February Revolution.
60. October Revolution
• A group of soviets did not approve of the provisional government. Vladimir Lenin, who had been in Switzerland, came to Russia and
strongly opposed the provisional government.
• He argued that the entire power should be transferred to the Soviets if they were to realize the aims of the revolution.
• The Bolsheviks and the Soviets supported him. They propagated that only proletarians' (workers) government could eradicate centuries-old economic backwardness and inequality.
• They put forward several demands like:
• Withdraw Russia from the First World War
• Seize the lands owned by the lords and distribute them among the farmers
• Make factories public property
• In October 1917, the Bolsheviks organized an armed rebellion against the provisional government.
• Kerensky fled from the country and Russia came under the control of the Bolsheviks.
• Through which the Bolsheviks attained power, is known as the October Revolution (as per Russian Calendar).
61. What are the result of the Russian Revolution
• Russia withdrew from the First World War
• Seized out the land and distributed it among the peasants
• Gave importance to public sector
• Introduced centralized planning
• Achieved development in the field of Science, Technology and Economy.
• New constitution came to force in 1924.
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republic was formed by consolidating
different Soviet Republics.
• Spread Socialist ideas all over the world.
62. Why did the Bolsheviks oppose the Provisional Government in Russia after the February Revolution?
• No withdrawal from World War I
• Problems in Russia could not be solved
63. Which was formed in Russia to solve the plight of workers and later split into two?
• Social Democratic Workers Party
64. Even though there were ideological differences, the February and October revolutions were against the existing system. Evaluate the validity of the statement.
* The February Revolution
• The autocratic rule of the Emperor
• The plight of farmers and workers
• Influence of writers
• The Russian Revolution of 1905
• Participation in World War I
* The October Revolution
• Russia withdrew from the war
• Land was distributed to farmers
• The failure of the Kerensky government
65. Was the activities of the Bolshevik governments sufficient to solve the problems that existed in Russia? Substantiate.
• Russia withdrew from the First World War
• Seized out the land and distributed it among the peasants
• Gave importance to public sector
• Introduced centralized planning
66. Why did the Russian people prepare for another revolution after the February Revolution?
• Withdraw Russia from the First World War
• Seize the lands and distribute them among the farmers
• Make factories public property
67. How did Russia's participation in the First World War lead to the 1917 Revolution?
• Severe food shortage
• Women marched along the streets for bread
• Protest march organised by the workers in the streets
• Support of the soldiers
68. How was the use of opium trade in China considered to be a means of imperialist domination?
• To reduce the trade gap from China to Europe, opium was imported into China.
• Chinese people were addicted to opium.
• China gains profits and losses to European traders
69. How did the Communists and Mao Zedong become the symbol of the struggle of the Chinese people?
• Long March
• Seized out agricultural land and villages from lords and distributed among the farmers.
70. Write the following events in chronological order
*Formation of the People's Republic of China
*Long March
*The Boxer Rebellion
*The revolt led by SunYat Sen.
Answer:
• Boxer Rebellion
• Revolt led by Sun Yat-sen
• Long March
• Formation of the People's Republic of China
71.Why did the Communists in China protest the policies of Chiang Kai-shek?
• gave the opportunity for foreign powers to freely interfere in China
• Coal and iron industries, banking, and foreign trade were all controlled by foreign countries.
72. Complete the table given below.
73. Which was the policy announced by America to establish trade supremacy in China? What were its features?
• Open Door Policy
• Equal rights and opportunities for all countries in the Chinese market.
• Make China to be controlled by various countries.
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