Kerala Syllabus Class 9 Social Science II: Chapter 02 In The Expansive Plain - Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers for Class 9th Social Science II (English Medium) വിശാല സമതലഭൂവിൽ | Text Books Solution Geography (English Medium) Geography: Chapter 02 In The Expansive Plain
ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് ഉടമയുടെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.
Class 9 Social Science: In The Expansive Plain - Questions and Answers & Model Questions
1. Name the physical division that lies south of the Northern Mountains and north of the Peninsular Plateau?
Answer: North Indian Plain (Indo-Gangetic- Brahmaputra Plain)
2. What are geomorphic agents?
Answer: Diverse landforms are formed on the surface of the Earth through continuous processes driven by external forces such as running water, wind, glaciers, and waves. They are called geomorphic agents.
3. Define geomorphic processes?
Answer: The processes that lead to the formation of landforms are called geomorphic processes.
4. What is called deposition?
Answer: The sediments or rock materials formed through the disintegration of rocks are transported by external agents from one place to another and then deposited conveniently in low-lying regions. This process is called deposition.
5. How alluvial plains are formed?
Answer: Rivers originating from high altitudes transport sediments down the stream and deposit them in low-lying areas creating depositional landforms, and expansive alluvial plains.
Eg:Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra plain
6. Write on the formation of the Indo-Gangetic- Brahmaputra Plain?
Answer:
• The sediments, transported by rivers originating from both the Himalayas and Peninsular India, were deposited led to the formation of the plain.
• The sediments are deposited in a vast depression at the south of the Himalayas, which was formed as a result of the formation of the Himalayas.
• The continuous depositional processes over millions of years have contributed to the evolution of this fertile plain.
• The average depth of alluvial deposits in this plain ranges from 1000 metres to 2000 metres.
7. Observe the map (Textbook Fig 2.4) and list out the rivers that flow through the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plain.
• Ganga, Yamuna, Betwa, Gandak, Gomti, Ghaghra, Kali, Ken, Son, Sind
• Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej
• Brahmaputra, Teesta, Manas, Dibang, Lohit
• Kosi, Luni
8. Rivers originating from the Himalayas are known as Himalayan rivers, while those originating from the peninsular plateaus are referred to as peninsular rivers. Categorize the rivers flowing through the IndoGangetic-Brahmaputra plain based on their place of origin as Himalayan rivers or Peninsular rivers, and list them accordingly.
| Himalayan rivers | Peninsular rivers |
| Ganga, Yamuna, Gandak, Gomti, Ghaghra, Kali, Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, Brahmaputra, Teesta, Manas, Dibang, Lohit, Kosi | Chambal, Betwa, Ken, Son, Sind |
9. Write short note on the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plain?
Answer:
• Extending approximately 3200 km from the mouth of River Indus to the mouth of River Ganga
• One of the largest alluvial plains in the world.
• It spreads over around 2400 km in India.
• The plain widens from east to west, with the width varying between 150 km and 300km.
• This plain is bordered by the Shiwalik ranges in the north and the irregular edges of the Peninsular Plateau in the south, the Punjab-Haryana Plain in the western part and the Brahmaputra Plain in the East
• The plain covers an area of approximately 7 lakh sq.km
10. What makes this region suitable for agriculture?
Answer: Fertile soil, adequate water supply, favourable climate and flat topography
11. Based on the river system, direction of flow of rivers and topographical features, the North Indian Plain can be divided into four regional divisions. Which are they?
Answer:
• Rajasthan Plain
• Punjab-Haryana Plain
• The Ganga Plain
• Brahmaputra Plain
12. Write a note on the Rajasthan Plain?
Answer:
• The Rajasthan Plain, which includes the Thar Desert, marks the westernmost end of the North Indian Plain.
• Two-thirds of the Thar Desert is situated in Rajasthan
• While the remaining portion extends into the neighbouring states of Haryana, Punjab, and Gujarat.
• The Rajasthan Plain is situated to the west of the Aravali Mountain range.
13. The Thar Desert is further divided into two significant regions. Which are they?
Answer:
• The actual desert area called Marusthali (the desert proper)
• The semi-arid plain (semi-desert region) known as Rajasthan Bagar.
14. Name the part of the North Indian Plain which is situated to the west of the Aravali Mountain range?
Answer: The Rajasthan Plain
15. Find out the influence of the Aravali Mountain range on the climate of the Rajasthan Plain?
Answer:
• The Aravalli Range, acts as a barrier to the moisture-laden winds coming from the southwest during the monsoon season.
• So the western side of the Aravalli Range, which includes much of Rajasthan, receives significantly less rainfall due to the rain shadow effect.
• Rajasthan has a semi-arid to arid climate, characterized by low humidity and high evaporation rates.
16. Which is a significant river in the Rajasthan plain?
Answer: Luni
17. Name the major salt lakes in Rajasthan Plain?
Answer: Sambhar, Didwana, and Sargol
18. Write a note on the Punjab-Haryana Plain?
Answer:
• The Punjab-Haryana Plain is situated to the east and northeast of the Rajasthan Plain.
• This plain is the western part of the North Indian Plain and extends up to the Yamuna River.
• The eastern border of this plain is defined by River Yamuna
• In India, this plain extends over the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal
Pradesh, covering an area of approximately 1.75 lakh sq. km.
19. Punjab is etymologically known as the Land of Five Rivers. Give reason?
Answer:
• The Punjab region, is primarily formed by the deposition of sediments carried by rivers such as Satluj, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Beas. That is why it is known as the Land of Five Rivers
20. What a doab is?
Answer: A doab is a land lying between two rivers that join together later.
21. Write the features of The Ganga Plain?
Answer:
• The division of the plain situated to the east of the Punjab-Haryana Plain is known as the Ganga plain
• Stretches from Bangladesh in the east to the Yamuna River in the west
• Covers the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, and parts of Jharkhand and West Bengal
• An area of approximately 3.75 lakh sq. km
• Formed through the depositional processes by River Ganga and its tributaries.
• Average elevation is around 200 metres above mean sea level
• Exhibits a general slope towards the east and the southeast.
22. Based on geographical features, the Ganga Plain has been further divided into three regions. Which are they?
Answer:
• Upper Ganga Plain
• Middle Ganga Plain
• Lower Ganga Plain
23. Write the features of The Brahmaputra Plain?
Answer:
• Known by various names such as Brahmaputra Valley, Assam Valley, and Assam Plain
• Constitutes the easternmost part of the North Indian Plain.
• Stretching from the easternmost edge of Assam to the west of Dubri, near the border of Bangladesh
• It spans approximately 720 km in length, with the width ranging from 60 to 70 km.
• The major portion of the Brahmaputra Plain is located in the state of Assam.
• Geographically this plain stands distinct and separate from the rest of the North Indian Plain.
• Spanning an area of approximately 56,275 sq.km, is formed through the depositional processes carried out by the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries.
24. Locate the natural boundaries of The Brahmaputra Plain?
Answer:
• North - The Eastern Himalaya
• East - The Patkai-Naga Hills
• South - The Garo-Khasi-Jaintia Hills and Mikir Hills
• West - The Lower Ganga Plain
25. Name the major tributaries of the Brahmaputra River?
Answer: Teesta, Manas, Lohit and Dibang
26. How alluvial fans are formed?
Answer:
• When rivers enter a plain from mountainous regions, their velocity decreases abruptly.
• The sediments (alluvium) carried by the rivers get deposited in the form of fans.
• Such depositional landform features are referred to as alluvial fans.
27. What are ox-bow lakes?
Answer:
• Rivers that continue flowing through plains split into many channels.
• As the river's velocity decreases, it starts flowing creating curves in the river course or in a sinuous manner.
• This eventually leads to the formation of ox-bow lakes
28. What do you mean by river meandering?
Answer: A river flowing in a sinuous manner is called river meandering
29. The North Indian Plain can be divided into three zones from north to south based on its geomorphic features. Name them?
Answer:
• Bhabar
• Tarai
• Alluvial plains
30. Write a short note about Bhabar?
Answer:
• Bhabar is a narrow belt, approximately 8 to 10 km wide, running parallel to the Shiwalik mountain range at the break-up of the slope.
• Situated to the south of the Shiwalik mountain range along its foothills.
• Formed by the deposition of rocks and boulders brought by rivers flowing from the mountains.
• The rivers flowing through this region are not visible as they flow beneath the rocks and boulders.
31. What are the features of the Tarai?
Answer:
• Tarai is a marshy and swampy tract, approximately 10 to 20 km wide, running
parallel to the Bhabar belt.
• The rivers that disappear in the Bhabar region reemerge in this area.
• Tarai has a luxurious growth of natural vegetation and serves as a habitat for varied wildlife.
32. Write the features of the Alluvial plain.
Answer:
• To the south of the Tarai, the belt consisting of older and newer alluvial deposits forms the Alluvial plain.
• The older alluvium deposits are called the Bhangar, and the newer ones are referred to as the Khadar.
• The major characteristic features of this region include depositional landforms
such as riverine islands, sandbars, and deltas.
• Braided streams, meanders and ox-bow lakes are also prominent features of this area.
33. Identify and list the landforms which are formed due to the depositional process by rivers.
Answer:
• Alluvial fans
• Alluvial plains / Floodplains
• Oxbow Lakes
• Riverine islands
• Sandbars
• Deltas
34. Which one of the geographical divisions of the North Indian Plain is more suitable for agriculture?
Answer: Alluvial plains
35. What are the characteristic features influencing the physiographic features of the North Indian Plain?
Answer: Natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, soil and agricultural diversity in that particular region.
36. Write the four Climate seasons of the North Indian Plain?
Answer:
• The Cold Weather Season
• The Hot Weather Season
• The Southwest Monsoon Season
• The Northeast Monsoon Season
37. Why there is excessive cold weather in the North Indian Plain?
Answer:
• The major portion of the North Indian Plain is located far away from the moderating influence of the oceans, resulting in a continental climate.
• Snowfall in the nearby Himalayan ranges contributes to strong cold waves.
• Cold winds from West Asia cause frost, fog and cold waves in the western part of the North Indian Plain.
• The apparent movement of the sun from the northern hemisphere towards the southern hemisphere adds to the cold conditions
• During the cold weather season, the North Indian Plain receives slight rainfall.
38. Which are the coldest months in North Indian Plain?
Answer: December and January
39. Write the features of the Hot Weather Season?
Answer:
• The temperature increases in the North Indian Plain by March.
• The summer season is experienced in April, May, and June.
• Summer is extremely severe.
• By May, the temperature rises to 48 Degrees Celsius in the western part.
• The Hot, dry wind, called ‛Loo’, increases the temperature considerably in the North Indian Plain.
• Dust storms bring light rain during summer, it provides some relief from the oppressive heat.
40. What is ‛Loo’?
Answer: Hot, dry and oppressive wind blows from the desert region of Rajasthan to the Ganga Plain in May and June, called ‛Loo’.
41. The North Indian Plain's distance from the ocean contributes to the excessive heat experienced during the summer in these regions. Why is it so?
Answer:
• The ocean influences the climate of the coastal areas and a moderate climate is felt in these places.
• The North Indian Plain is far away from the influence of the ocean, so it feels very cold in winter and hot in summer.
42. Which is the main rainy season in the North Indian Plain?
Answer:
• The southwest monsoon season, experienced from June to September, is the main rainy season in the North Indian Plain.
43. List the two branches of the southwest monsoon winds. Identify their paths over the subcontinent?
Answer:
• The Arabian branch and The Bay of Bengal branch
• As a result of the rapid increase in temperature over the North Indian Plain by the month of March, a low-pressure area is developed over this region.
• This low-pressure area attracts the southwest monsoon winds to the Indian subcontinent.
• The southwest monsoon winds enter the Indian subcontinent as two branches.
• The Bay of Bengal branch, entering the land through the Sundarbans delta region, gets bifurcated into two sub-branches.
• One branch moves eastward and enters the Brahmaputra Plain, causing widespread rains.
• The other branch, moving westward along the Ganga Plain, causes rainfall in West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, and proceeds further westward.
• Over the Punjab Plain this branch joins the Arabian branch which is moving parallel to the Aravali Mountains and then brings rain to the foothills of the Western Himalayas.
44. Describe the two branches of the southwest monsoon winds.
Answer: (See the Question 43)
45. The rainfall received in Rajasthan from the southwest monsoon is very scanty. Why?
Answer: Rainfall is scarce in the Rajasthan region because the monsoon branch entering through Gujarat blows parallel to the Aravalli mountain ranges.
46. How is the Northeast Monsoon formed in India?
Answer:
• The low-pressure area that prevails over the North Indian Plain starts moving southward in response to the apparent movement of the sun towards the southern hemisphere.
• This season is named the retreating monsoon season.
• During this period, a high-pressure area develops over the North Indian Plain and consequently, the wind starts blowing from here to the Indian Ocean.
• As these moisture-less winds blow from the northeast, this season is called the northeast monsoon season.
47. What is ‛October heat’?
Answer:
• The North Indian Plain generally experiences a dry climate during the northeast monsoon season.
• Owing to the conditions of high temperature and atmospheric humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive.
• This phenomenon is commonly known as the ‛October heat’.
48. What are the major factors that cause the diversity in natural vegetation in the North Indian Plain?
Answer: Topography, climate, and the nature of the soil
49. What does the term 'natural vegetation' refer to?
Answer: The term 'natural vegetation' refers to a plant community that has been left undisturbed for a long period, enabling its individual species to fully adapt to the respective climate and soil conditions.
50. Identify and list the major natural vegetation in the North Indian Plain.
Answer:
• The Tropical Deciduous Forests
• The Tropical Thorn Forests
• Swamp Forests
51. The tropical deciduous forests are further divided into two. Which are they? Write a note about it.
Answer:
• They are the dry deciduous forests and the moist deciduous forests.
• Dry deciduous forests are found in those regions where the annual rainfall ranges between 70 cm and 100 cm.
• The dry deciduous forests are found in the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• The moist deciduous forests are found in areas with moderate rainfall, ranging from 100 cm to 200 cm per annum.
• They are mainly seen along the strip of Shiwalik range including Tarai and Bhabar and in certain parts of Odisha and West Bengal.
52. The main species of the tropical deciduous forests?
Answer: Teak, sal, shisham, mahua, amla and sandalwood
53. The natural vegetation in the western part of the North Indian Plain is sparse. Why?
Answer: Due to low rainfall and intensive cattle rearing.
54. Write a note on the Tropical thorn forests?
Answer:
• Prevalent in the semi-arid areas of southwest Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.
• Consists of various grasses and shrubs, with important species such as babool, ber, wild date palm, khair, neem, khejri and palas.
• In certain regions Tussocky grass grows as undergrowth, reaching up to a height of 2 metres.
55. Write a note on swamp forests.
Answer: Swamp forests are the natural vegetation found in the vast saline expanses of Rajasthan, freshwater lakes, the freshwater marshes of the Ganga Plain, the flood plains of the Brahmaputra, and the deltaic region of Sundarbans.
56. Write the distinctive features of the Sundarbans delta?
Answer:
• The marshy and expansive deltaic region of Ganga Plain in West Bengal is Sundarbans.
• Sundri, a type of mangrove, stands out as one of the distinctive features of the
Sundarbans delta.
• Natural habitat for the Royal Bengal Tiger.
• Numerous aquatic species, including fishes.
57. There are two different types of alluvial soils developed in the Ganga Plain. Which are they?
Answer: Khadar and Bhangar
58. Identify the distribution of different types of soils in the North Indian Plain by analyzing the provided map (Textbook Fig 2.25) and list them.
Answer:
• Alluvial soil
• Red soil
• Saline soil
• Peat soil
• Arid soil
59. Explain the different soil types in the North Indian Plain.
Answer:
♦ Alluvial soil
• The soil which is widespread in the North Indian Plain is alluvial.
• Alluvial soil is well-suited for agriculture.
• The alluvial soils vary in nature from sandy loam to clay.
• Alluvial soil is found in limited areas of Rajasthan and extensively in the plains of Gujarat.
• There are two different types of alluvial soils developed in the Ganga Plain: Khadar and Bhangar.
• The newly deposited soils of this plain are known as 'Khadar" and the older deposits are known as 'Bhangar'.
♦ Red soil
• The red soil is found in the southern part of the Middle Ganga Plain.
• It is the presence of iron in the soil that gives a red colour to it.
♦ Saline soil
• The soil found in the Sundarbans delta region is saline soil which is characterised by a higher presence of salt.
• Saline soil consists of sand and loam.
• Seawater intrusions into the deltas cause the formation of saline soils.
• In certain areas of the North Indian Plain, where there is intensive cultivation
with excessive irrigation, the fertile alluvial soil has turned saline.
♦ Peat soil
• Along the coastal regions of West Bengal, peat soil is also found.
• Peaty soils are rich in humus and organic matter.
♦ Arid soil
• Arid soil is the soil extensively found in the western parts of the North Indian Plain, including Rajasthan.
• It is generally sandy and saline in structure.
• As this soil lacks humus and moisture, irrigation support is required for the plants to grow.
60. What are the significant characteristic features of the North Indian Plain?
Answer: Fertile alluvial soil, flat topography, presence of perennial rivers and favourable climate.
61. The North Indian Plain plays a very significant role in building India’s economic system based on the agricultural sector. Substantiate?
Answer:
• Wheat, rice, jute, and sugarcane are widely cultivated here.
• Extensive cultivation, supported by irrigation, has made this plain the granary of
India.
• The entire plain, except the Thar Desert, has a well-developed network of roads and railways.
• This infrastructural development has facilitated large-scale industrialisation and
urbanisation of the region.
62. Which physiographic region is known as the granary of India?
Answer: North Indian Plain
63. What are the three different cropping seasons in the North Indian Plain?
Answer: Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid
64. Observe the table given below. In the table, the major crops cultivated in three different cropping seasons in the North Indian Plain are listed. Try to understand the duration of each cropping season and the crops cultivated in each season. Prepare a note by adding additional information.
| Cropping Seasons | Major Crops |
| Kharif (From June to September) | Tropical Crops- Rice, Cotton, Jute, Bajra, Tur etc. |
| Rabi (From October to March) | Temperate - Subtropical Crops – Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Barley etc. |
| Zaid (From April to June) | Vegetables, Fruits, Fodder etc |
• Kharif crops are often called monsoon crops because their cultivation is started in June and is harvested in September. Major crops planted during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut, and soybean.
• Rabi season cultivation is started in October and is harvested in March. The major crops planted during this season are wheat, barley, mustard, and green peas.
• Zaid is a short season during the summer months between the rabi and the kharif seasons. Zaid season cultivation is started in April and is harvested in June. Important crops produced during ‘zaid’ are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops.
65. North Indian Plain plays a significant role in shaping the cultural diversity of India. Justify
Answer:
• North Indian Plain is known for its abundant perennial rivers and rich output.
• Serving as the backbone of India's agriculture-based economy.
• The facilities such as transportation and communication provided by the plain have been facilitating the spread and cultural diffusion of people for decades.
• The plural and mixed society that developed through this is the beauty and strength of our India.
Extended Activities
66. How is the formation of the North Indian Plains associated with the formation of the Himalayas? Elucidate.
• Himalayas have been formed by the folding up of lithospheric plates due to convergence.
• During the formation of the Himalayas, a vast depression took shape along the south parallel to the Himalayas.
• The fertile Indo-Gangetic Brahmaputra plain was formed by the sediments carried by rivers deposited in the vast depression.
• The continuous depositional processes over millions of years have contributed to the evolution of this fertile plain.
• The average depth of alluvial deposits in this plain ranges from 1000 metres to 2000 metres.
PSC Solved Question Papers ---> Click here
PSC TODAY's EXAM RESULTS ---> Click here
PSC EXAM PROGRAMME -> Click here
CURRENT AFFAIRS QUESTIONS -> Click here
PSC Degree Level Questions & Answers - Click here
PSC 10th, +2 Level Questions & Answers - Click here
PSC SHORTLISTS -> Click here
PSC RANK LISTS -> Click here
 Chapter 2 IN THE EXPANSIVE PLAIN - Questions and Answers){kind=link}
0 Comments