Kerala Syllabus Class 4 EVS Unit 2: India is My Country - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook
നാലാം ക്ളാസിലെ EVS ലെ India is My Country പഠിക്കുന്നതിനും, പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനും ആവശ്യമായ വിവിധ പഠനസഹായികൾ | Study Notes for Class 4th Environment Science - ഇന്ത്യ എന്റെ രാജ്യം | Text Books Solution EVS (English Medium) Chapter 02 India is My Country. ഈ യൂണിറ്റിന്റെ Teachers Manual & Teachers Handbook എന്നിവയുടെ ലിങ്ക് ഈ പേജിന്റെ അവസാന ഭാഗത്തു നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. പഠന സഹായികൾ അയക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുള്ളവർ ഈ നമ്പറിൽ വാട്സാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക: 9497346250. 👉ഈ അദ്ധ്യായം Malayalam Medium Notes - Coming soon
ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.
Textbook Questions and Answers∎ “You have read the picture story book. Now answer my questions,” Sir continued. (Textbook Page: 28) You can also find answers to Sir’s questions:
♦ Why did foreigners come to India?Foreigners first came to India by ships, to buy spices like cardamom and black pepper, and textiles like silk and cotton.
♦ How could foreigners easily establish power in India?They obtained special privileges from the king and established factories here. Since the rulers of different provinces in India considered each other as enemies and were often at war, it was easy for the foreigners to expand their power.”
♦ Why were Indians unable to hold their own in the struggles with the British?They conquered the natives with advanced war tactics and weapons like cannons and guns. Eventually, the British took over the Princely States after exerting control over agriculture, trade and the king. Over time, the British dominated the entire region of India. India was under their control for almost the next 200 years.
♦ "The people of our country suffered a lot under British rule. How did they react against British rule?"• The people who were suffering started protest against the British in various places.• They protested by breaking the laws, declaring non-cooperation and organising marches.• Such protests are known as the ‘freedom struggle'.
♦ Write a short note on Sathyagraha.• The British rulers declared that Indians must pay a tax (a special levy) for extracting salt. • Those who made salt without paying the tax were imprisoned. Gandhiji organised the people against this.• Gandhiji started a march on 12 March 1930 from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi beach.• The march reached Dandi on April 5. Taking a handful of salt from the sea, Gandhiji said, “Even if these hands holding salt are crushed, they will not give up the salt."
♦ The date on which Gandhiji started the Dandi March:1930 March 12
♦ The date on which Gandhiji violated the salt law at Dandi Beach: 1930 April 6
♦ Quit India Movement• The Quit India Movement was a remarkable mass movement against the British government. • The movement was launched in the All India Congress Committee session held at Bombay on 8 August 1942. • The session demanded the British to hand over all administrative powers to the Indians and to quit India.• Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Moulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Sardar Vallabhai Patel and Dr. Rajendra Prasad were the main leaders.• Gandhiji called on everyone to 'Do or Die'.• Thousands of people participated in this movement, and its slogan resonated across India. This gave great excitement to the people.
♦ “Do or Die’ – who said it?Gandhiji
♦ When did the Quit India movement begin in Kerala?On 9 August 1942
♦ Which day is celebrated as ‘Quit India Day’?9 August
♦ Who led the Salt Satyagraha in Kerala?K. Kelappan
♦ Which were the major centres of the Salt Satyagraha in Kerala?The major centres of the Salt Satyagraha in Kerala were Kozhikode and Payyannur in Kannur.
♦ Who led the Salt Sathyagraha in Payyannur?The breaking of the Salt Law was organized in Payyannur under the leadership of K. Kelappan.
♦ Who were the prominent leaders of the Salt Satyagraha campaign in Kerala?The prominent leaders of the Salt Satyagraha campaign in Keralawere K.Kelappan, K. Madhavan Nair, T.K.Madhavan, K.P.Kesavan Menon, Mohammad Abdu Rahman, A.K.Gopalan, Akkamma Cheriyan and Kuttimalu Amma.
♦ Write down the major freedom struggles that took place in Kerala.• Malabar Rebellion • Salt Satyagraha• Quit India Movement• Attingal Rebellion• Pazhassi Rebellion
♦ Who was the leader who inspired freedom fighters all over India?Mahatma Gandhi
♦ What is the real name of Mahatma Gandhi?Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
♦ What are the important movements led by Mahatma Gandhi?• Champaran Movement (1917) • Kheda Satyagraha (1918)• Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)• Salt Satyagraha (1930)• Quit India Movement (1942)
♦ Prepare short notes on Gandhiji• Gandhiji was born in Porbandar, Gujarat, on 2 October 1869. His real name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. • Gandhiji's father was Karamchand Gandhi, and his mother was Putlibai.• He left his job as a lawyer in South Africa and returned to India to join the freedom struggle.• Through his simple way of living, high thinking, and warm interaction, he rose to become the leader of India.• Truth and non-violence were always evident in his words and actions. • Children affectionately called him ‘Bapuji.’ • He adopted a method of nonviolent resistance known as Satyagraha.• He led important movements like the Champaran Movement (1917), the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), the Salt Satyagraha (1930), the Quit India Movement (1942), etc.• ''The Story of My Experiments with Truth'' is the autobiography of Gandhiji.
♦ Who was known as Bapuji?Mahatma Gandhi
♦ Who is known as Chachaji?Jawaharlal Nehru
♦ Prepare short notes on Jawaharlal Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru was born in Allahabad on November 14, 1889. His father, Motilal Nehru and mother, Swarup Rani.• He worked with Gandhiji at the forefront of the freedom struggle.• He took over the leadership of independent India on 15 August 1947 and became the first Prime Minister of India.• He was the one who declared the independence of India.• Children fondly called him 'Chachaji.'• His birthday is commemorated as Children's Day.• ''An autobiography'' is the autobiography of Nehru
♦ When is Nehru’s birthday? In what name do we celebrate this day? • November 14• Children's Day
♦ What is the name of Nehru’s autobiography? An autobiography
♦ Freedom Fighters
♦ Sarojini Naidu • Sarojini Naidu was a famous poet and freedom fighter.• She was called the “Nightingale of India” because of her beautiful poems.• She worked hard to make India free from British rule.• In 1925, she became the first Indian woman to lead the Indian National Congress.• After India became free, she became the first woman Governor of Uttar Pradesh.• She loved her country and inspired many people with her words and actions.
♦ Bhagat Singh• Bhagat Singh was a young hero who loved India very much.• He tried to organize young people and students against British rule.• He was very brave and stood up for what was right.• He was only 23 years old when he gave his life for the country.• Bhagat Singh's courage inspired many young Indians.
♦ Aruna Asaf Ali• Aruna Asaf Ali was a freedom fighter who loved India.• She helped lead the Quit India Movement in 1942.• She is famous for hoisting the Indian flag at the Gwalia Tank maidan in Bombay during the Quit India struggle.• People called her the “Grand Old Lady of the Independence Movement.”• After India became free, she became the first Mayor of Delhi.• She was awarded India's highest civilion award, Bharat Ratna, posthumously.
♦ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel• Sardar Patel was a great leader who helped India become one country.• He took part in non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements.• He worked hard to bring many small states together after independence.• People call him the “Iron Man of India” because he was strong and brave.• He was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India.
♦ Subhash Chandra Bose • Subhash Chandra Bose was a great freedom fighter.• People lovingly called him “Netaji.''• He wanted India to be free from British rule.• He said, “Give me blood, and I will give you freedom!”• He made an army called the Azad Hind Fauj to fight for India.
♦ Bal Gangadhar Tilak• Tilak was a great freedom fighter who loved India.• He said, “Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it!”• People called him “Lokmanya Tilak.• He started festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi to Shivaji Utsav to bring people together.• He was also a leader of the Home Rule movement.
♦ Gopal Krishna Gokhale • Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a great freedom fighter and social reformer.• He believed in peaceful ways to make India free from British rule.• He started the Servants of India Society to help people.• He was a teacher and loved to spread education.• He was a mentor to Mahatma Gandhi, helping him learn about India.• People remember him for his kindness, wisdom, and love for the country.
♦ Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan • Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a freedom fighter who loved peace.• People called him the “Frontier Gandhi” because he believed in non-violence, just like Mahatma Gandhi.• He started a group called Khudai Khidmatgar, which means “Servants of God.”• He wanted everyone to live together in harmony, no matter their religion.• He worked hard to help the Pashtun people and teach them about peace.• He was given India’s highest award, the Bharat Ratna, in 1987.
♦ Identify and write the names of the leaders related to the facts given below.
♦ Who was the first woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress?Sarojini Naidu
♦ Who is known as Nightingale in India?Sarojini Naidu
♦ Who took up arms against British colonial rule, fought bravely for India's independence, and was executed at the age of 23?Bhagat Singh
♦ Who was the queen of the Quit India Movement?Aruna Asaf Ali
♦ Who is called the grand old lady of India?Aruna Asaf Ali
♦ Who is the Iron Man in India?Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
♦ Why is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel called the Iron Man of India?Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a major role in the formation of the Indian Union by uniting the Princely States. Hence, he is known as the ‘Iron Man of India’.
♦ Gandhiji described Subhas Chandra Bose as .........‘Netaji'
♦ Who formed the Indian National Army in 1943?Subhash Chandra Bose
♦ Who said Swaraj is my birthright and shall have it?Bal Gangadhar Tilak
♦ Whose nickname was Lokmanya?Bal Gangadhar Tilak
♦ Who is the guru of Gandhiji?Gopal Krishna Gokhale
♦ Which organization was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale?Servants of India Society
♦ Who was popularly known as ‘Frontier Gandhi?Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan
♦ Who led the civil disobedience movement in the northwestern region?Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan
♦ Respond to the statements given below by marking the appropriate symbol in the box (✔/ x).✔The freedom we enjoy today was achieved by the sacrifice of many lives.
✔We must honourably remember the freedom fighters who gained independence for us.
✔The freedom that we have gained must be protected and shared
✔As Indians, we must be proud and patriotic.
✔We must celebrate Independence Day grandly every year.
♦ The Constitution of IndiaUnder the leadership of Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, the first Law Minister of India, a new legal framework for independent India was drafted. This document is known as the 'The Constitution of India'. The Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950.
♦ Name the day in which the Constitution of India came into being?Repoblic day
♦ Who is known as the architect of the Indian Constitution?Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
♦ Which country has the largest written Constitution?India
♦ States• India was formed by uniting several princely states.• These provinces later reorganised based on language for administrative convenience. • These regions are known as States.• Currently, India has 28 states. • The administrative centre of each State is called its capital.
♦ Prepare a list of the States of India, their capitals • Andhra Pradesh: Amaravati• Arunachal Pradesh: Itanagar• Assam: Dispur• Bihar: Patna• Chhattisgarh: Raipur• Goa: Panaji• Gujarat: Gandhinagar• Haryana: Chandigarh• Himachal Pradesh: Shimla• Jharkhand: Ranchi• Karnataka: Bangalore• Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram• Madhya Pradesh: Bhopal• Maharashtra: Mumbai• Manipur: Imphal• Meghalaya: Shillong• Mizoram: Aizawl• Nagaland: Kohima• Odisha: Bhubaneswar• Punjab: Chandigarh• Rajasthan: Jaipur• Sikkim: Gangtok• Tamil Nadu: Chennai• Telangana: Hyderabad• Tripura: Agartala• Uttar Pradesh: Lucknow• Uttarakhand: Dehradun• West Bengal: Kolkata
♦ Union TerritoriesSome regions in India do not have the status of States. These are Union Territories. Now in India there are Eight Union Territories.
♦ List the names of the Union Territories and their capitals • Andaman and Nicobar Islands - Port Blair • Chandigarh - Chandigarh • Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu - Daman • Delhi - New Delhi • Jammu and Kashmir - Srinagar (Summer), Jammu (Winter)• Ladakh - Leh (Summer), Kargil (Winter) • Lakshadweep - Kavaratti• Puducherry - Puducherry
♦ Look at the map of India and find answers to the following:• India's neighbouring countries.Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and Maldives
• States on the coast of the Arabian Sea.Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, and Kerala
• States on the coast of the Bay of Bengal.West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu
• The smallest State in India.Goa
• The State which shares borders with the maximum numberUttar Pradesh
♦ Complete the word puzzle using the hints given below:Across1. The Second largest state. Located in the central part of India.2. The state that has a border with Nepal. Patna is the Capital.3. Hyderabad is located in this State.
Down1. Shares border with the neighbouring country, Myanmar. Located adjacent to Tripura.4. Kerala’s neighbouring state. Bengaluru is its Capital.5. Shares borders with Rajasthan, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. Located near Delhi, the capital of India.6. Kohima is the capital of this State.7. Located on the coast of Arabian Sea. Shares a border with Gujarat.8. Borders with Bangladesh. Neighbouring state of Assam.9. The largest State in India.
Up10. Neighbouring State of Kerala. Chennai is its capital.
♦ Have you noticed in how many languages the value of an Indian currency is denoted? Find out and write the names of those languages in My Environmental Science Diary.The language panel of Indian currency has the value recorded in fifteen languages. Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu are the languages included in the language panel of Indian currency. In addition, the value is written in Hindi and English on the front and back of the currency.
♦ Observe the picture. 
Which of these dance forms are you familiar with?Among the pictures, Mohiniyattam is the dance form of Kerala. We have graceful classical dances like Bharatanatyam and Kathakali, lively folk dances like Bhangra and Garba. We also have diverse musical styles like Carnatic, Hindustani, and Ghazal. etc.
♦ Complete the Table.
Art Form
State • Mohiniyattam Kerala • Bharatanatyam Tamilnadu • Kuchipudi Andhrapradesh • Kathak Uttar Pradesh • Manipuri Manipur
♦ What are the National Symbols of our country?• National Flag• National Emblem (Lion capital of Ashoka)• National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana...)• National Song (Vande...mataram)• National Bird (Peacock)• National Flower (Lotus)• National Animal (Tiger)• National Tree (Banyan Tree)• National River (Ganga)• National Aquatic Animal (Ganges River Dolphin)
♦ National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana...)'Jana Gana Mana' is our National Anthem. We are familiar with the National Anthem because we sing this beautiful song every school day. Rabindranath Tagore wrote it. We sing Jana Gana Mana on specialnational days like Independence Day and Republic Day as well. When we sing The National Anthem, we stand respectfully. It fills our hearts with love for India. It reminds us that we are all one.
♦ Find the answers to the following questions with the help of the class library.
• Who wrote Our National Anthem, Jana Gana Mana? Rabindranath Tagore.
• In which language is the National Anthem written?Bengali
• How should one stand while singing the National Anthem?Standing respectfully
• What is the prescribed time for singing the National Anthem?52 second
♦ National EmblemThe National Emblem of India is adopted from the pillar built by Emperor Ashoka at Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh. The lions facing all four directions are the prominent feature of this emblem. Dharmachakra (wheel of Dharma) seen at the bottom centre is the Ashoka Chakra. It has 24 spokes.
♦ Find answers to the following questions.• What is the sentence inscribed at the bottom of the emblem? What does it mean?'Satyameva Jayate' (Truth alone triumphs) from the 'Mundakoupanishad' are inscribed in Devanagari script.
• What are the other animals seen in the National Emblem?ElephantBullHorse
♦ National Song‘Vande… Mataram...’ written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee is our National Song. It is composed in Bengali, with selected Sanskrit words.
Let’s Assess1. Match the following.• Independence Day of India - January 30, 1948• The Day the Indian Constitution came into force - August 8, 1942• Quit India Day - January 26, 1950• Gandhiji's Day of Death - November 26, 1949• Constitution Day of India - August 15, 1947Answer:• Independence Day of India - August 15, 1947• The Day the Indian Constitution came into force - January 26, 1950• Quit India Day - August 8, 1942• Gandhiji's Day of Death - January 30, 1948• Constitution Day of India - November 26, 1949
2. Mark true or false (✔/ x).• Goa shares a border with Kerala. • India has coastlines by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. • Hindi is the most widely spoken language in India • India has five neighbouring countries. Answer: • Goa shares a border with Kerala. x• India has coastlines by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. ✔ • Hindi is the most widely spoken language in India ✔• India has five neighbouring countries. x
ഈ ബ്ലോഗിലെ എല്ലാ പോസ്റ്റുകളും ഒരുമിച്ച് കാണാനും ആവശ്യമുള്ളവ എളുപ്പത്തിൽ തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കാനും ഇവിടെ ക്ലിക്കുക.
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നാലാം ക്ളാസിലെ EVS ലെ India is My Country പഠിക്കുന്നതിനും, പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനും ആവശ്യമായ വിവിധ പഠനസഹായികൾ | Study Notes for Class 4th Environment Science - ഇന്ത്യ എന്റെ രാജ്യം | Text Books Solution EVS (English Medium) Chapter 02 India is My Country.
ഈ യൂണിറ്റിന്റെ Teachers Manual & Teachers Handbook എന്നിവയുടെ ലിങ്ക് ഈ പേജിന്റെ അവസാന ഭാഗത്തു നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. പഠന സഹായികൾ അയക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുള്ളവർ ഈ നമ്പറിൽ വാട്സാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക: 9497346250.
👉ഈ അദ്ധ്യായം Malayalam Medium Notes - Coming soon
ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.
Textbook Questions and Answers
∎ “You have read the picture story book. Now answer my questions,” Sir continued. (Textbook Page: 28) You can also find answers to Sir’s questions:
♦ Why did foreigners come to India?
Foreigners first came to India by ships, to buy spices like cardamom and black pepper, and textiles like silk and cotton.
♦ How could foreigners easily establish power in India?
They obtained special privileges from the king and established factories here. Since the rulers of different provinces in India considered each other as enemies and were often at war, it was easy for the foreigners to expand their power.”
♦ Why were Indians unable to hold their own in the struggles with the British?
They conquered the natives with advanced war tactics and weapons like cannons and guns. Eventually, the British took over the Princely States after exerting control over agriculture, trade and the king. Over time, the British dominated the entire region of India. India was under their control for almost the next 200 years.
♦ "The people of our country suffered a lot under British rule. How did they react against British rule?"
• The people who were suffering started protest against the British in various places.
• They protested by breaking the laws, declaring non-cooperation and organising marches.
• Such protests are known as the ‘freedom struggle'.
♦ Write a short note on Sathyagraha.
• The British rulers declared that Indians must pay a tax (a special levy) for extracting salt.
• Those who made salt without paying the tax were imprisoned. Gandhiji organised the people against this.
• Gandhiji started a march on 12 March 1930 from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi beach.
• The march reached Dandi on April 5. Taking a handful of salt from the sea, Gandhiji said, “Even if these hands holding salt are crushed, they will not give up the salt."
♦ The date on which Gandhiji started the Dandi March:
1930 March 12
♦ The date on which Gandhiji violated the salt law at Dandi Beach:
1930 April 6
♦ Quit India Movement
• The Quit India Movement was a remarkable mass movement against the British government.
• The movement was launched in the All India Congress Committee session held at Bombay on 8 August 1942.
• The session demanded the British to hand over all administrative powers to the Indians and to quit India.
• Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Moulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Sardar Vallabhai Patel and Dr. Rajendra Prasad were the main leaders.
• Gandhiji called on everyone to 'Do or Die'.
• Thousands of people participated in this movement, and its slogan resonated across India. This gave great excitement to the people.
♦ “Do or Die’ – who said it?
Gandhiji
♦ When did the Quit India movement begin in Kerala?
On 9 August 1942
♦ Which day is celebrated as ‘Quit India Day’?
9 August
♦ Who led the Salt Satyagraha in Kerala?
K. Kelappan
♦ Which were the major centres of the Salt Satyagraha in Kerala?
The major centres of the Salt Satyagraha in Kerala were Kozhikode and Payyannur in Kannur.
♦ Who led the Salt Sathyagraha in Payyannur?
The breaking of the Salt Law was organized in Payyannur under the leadership of K. Kelappan.
♦ Who were the prominent leaders of the Salt Satyagraha campaign in Kerala?
The prominent leaders of the Salt Satyagraha campaign in Kerala
were K.Kelappan, K. Madhavan Nair, T.K.Madhavan, K.P.Kesavan Menon, Mohammad Abdu Rahman, A.K.Gopalan, Akkamma Cheriyan and Kuttimalu Amma.
♦ Write down the major freedom struggles that took place in Kerala.
• Malabar Rebellion
• Salt Satyagraha
• Quit India Movement
• Attingal Rebellion
• Pazhassi Rebellion
♦ Who was the leader who inspired freedom fighters all over India?
Mahatma Gandhi
♦ What is the real name of Mahatma Gandhi?
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
♦ What are the important movements led by Mahatma Gandhi?
• Champaran Movement (1917)
• Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
• Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)
• Salt Satyagraha (1930)
• Quit India Movement (1942)
♦ Prepare short notes on Gandhiji
• Gandhiji was born in Porbandar, Gujarat, on 2 October 1869. His real name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
• Gandhiji's father was Karamchand Gandhi, and his mother was Putlibai.
• He left his job as a lawyer in South Africa and returned to India to join the freedom struggle.
• Through his simple way of living, high thinking, and warm interaction, he rose to become the leader of India.
• Truth and non-violence were always evident in his words and actions.
• Children affectionately called him ‘Bapuji.’
• He adopted a method of nonviolent resistance known as Satyagraha.
• He led important movements like the Champaran Movement (1917), the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), the Salt Satyagraha (1930), the Quit India Movement (1942), etc.
• ''The Story of My Experiments with Truth'' is the autobiography of Gandhiji.
♦ Who was known as Bapuji?
Mahatma Gandhi
♦ Who is known as Chachaji?
Jawaharlal Nehru
♦ Prepare short notes on Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru was born in Allahabad on November 14, 1889. His father, Motilal Nehru and mother, Swarup Rani.
• He worked with Gandhiji at the forefront of the freedom struggle.
• He took over the leadership of independent India on 15 August 1947 and became the first Prime Minister of India.
• He was the one who declared the independence of India.
• Children fondly called him 'Chachaji.'
• His birthday is commemorated as Children's Day.
• ''An autobiography'' is the autobiography of Nehru
♦ When is Nehru’s birthday? In what name do we celebrate this day?
• November 14
• Children's Day
♦ What is the name of Nehru’s autobiography?
An autobiography
♦ Freedom Fighters
♦ Sarojini Naidu
• Sarojini Naidu was a famous poet and freedom fighter.
• She was called the “Nightingale of India” because of her beautiful poems.
• She worked hard to make India free from British rule.
• In 1925, she became the first Indian woman to lead the Indian National Congress.
• After India became free, she became the first woman Governor of Uttar Pradesh.
• She loved her country and inspired many people with her words and actions.
♦ Bhagat Singh
• Bhagat Singh was a young hero who loved India very much.
• He tried to organize young people and students against British rule.
• He was very brave and stood up for what was right.
• He was only 23 years old when he gave his life for the country.
• Bhagat Singh's courage inspired many young Indians.
♦ Aruna Asaf Ali
• Aruna Asaf Ali was a freedom fighter who loved India.
• She helped lead the Quit India Movement in 1942.
• She is famous for hoisting the Indian flag at the Gwalia Tank maidan in Bombay during the Quit India struggle.
• People called her the “Grand Old Lady of the Independence Movement.”
• After India became free, she became the first Mayor of Delhi.
• She was awarded India's highest civilion award, Bharat Ratna, posthumously.
♦ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
• Sardar Patel was a great leader who helped India become one country.
• He took part in non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements.
• He worked hard to bring many small states together after independence.
• People call him the “Iron Man of India” because he was strong and brave.
• He was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India.
♦ Subhash Chandra Bose
• Subhash Chandra Bose was a great freedom fighter.
• People lovingly called him “Netaji.''
• He wanted India to be free from British rule.
• He said, “Give me blood, and I will give you freedom!”
• He made an army called the Azad Hind Fauj to fight for India.
♦ Bal Gangadhar Tilak
• Tilak was a great freedom fighter who loved India.
• He said, “Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it!”
• People called him “Lokmanya Tilak.
• He started festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi to Shivaji Utsav to bring people together.
• He was also a leader of the Home Rule movement.
♦ Gopal Krishna Gokhale
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a great freedom fighter and social reformer.
• He believed in peaceful ways to make India free from British rule.
• He started the Servants of India Society to help people.
• He was a teacher and loved to spread education.
• He was a mentor to Mahatma Gandhi, helping him learn about India.
• People remember him for his kindness, wisdom, and love for the country.
♦ Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a freedom fighter who loved peace.
• People called him the “Frontier Gandhi” because he believed in non-violence, just like Mahatma Gandhi.
• He started a group called Khudai Khidmatgar, which means “Servants of God.”
• He wanted everyone to live together in harmony, no matter their religion.
• He worked hard to help the Pashtun people and teach them about peace.
• He was given India’s highest award, the Bharat Ratna, in 1987.
♦ Identify and write the names of the leaders related to the facts given below.
♦ Who was the first woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress?
Sarojini Naidu
♦ Who is known as Nightingale in India?
Sarojini Naidu
♦ Who took up arms against British colonial rule, fought bravely for India's independence, and was executed at the age of 23?
Bhagat Singh
♦ Who was the queen of the Quit India Movement?
Aruna Asaf Ali
♦ Who is called the grand old lady of India?
Aruna Asaf Ali
♦ Who is the Iron Man in India?
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
♦ Why is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel called the Iron Man of India?
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a major role in the formation of the Indian Union by uniting the Princely States. Hence, he is known as the ‘Iron Man of India’.
♦ Gandhiji described Subhas Chandra Bose as .........
‘Netaji'
♦ Who formed the Indian National Army in 1943?
Subhash Chandra Bose
♦ Who said Swaraj is my birthright and shall have it?
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
♦ Whose nickname was Lokmanya?
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
♦ Who is the guru of Gandhiji?
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
♦ Which organization was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale?
Servants of India Society
♦ Who was popularly known as ‘Frontier Gandhi?
Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan
♦ Who led the civil disobedience movement in the northwestern region?
Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan
♦ Respond to the statements given below by marking the appropriate symbol in the box (✔/ x).
✔The freedom we enjoy today was achieved by the sacrifice of many lives.
✔We must honourably remember the freedom fighters who gained independence for us.
✔The freedom that we have gained must be protected and shared
✔As Indians, we must be proud and patriotic.
✔We must celebrate Independence Day grandly every year.
♦ The Constitution of India
Under the leadership of Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, the first Law Minister of India, a new legal framework for independent India was drafted. This document is known as the 'The Constitution of India'. The Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950.
♦ Name the day in which the Constitution of India came into being?
Repoblic day
♦ Who is known as the architect of the Indian Constitution?
Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
♦ Which country has the largest written Constitution?
India
♦ States
• India was formed by uniting several princely states.
• These provinces later reorganised based on language for administrative convenience.
• These regions are known as States.
• Currently, India has 28 states.
• The administrative centre of each State is called its capital.
♦ Prepare a list of the States of India, their capitals
• Andhra Pradesh: Amaravati
• Arunachal Pradesh: Itanagar
• Assam: Dispur
• Bihar: Patna
• Chhattisgarh: Raipur
• Goa: Panaji
• Gujarat: Gandhinagar
• Haryana: Chandigarh
• Himachal Pradesh: Shimla
• Jharkhand: Ranchi
• Karnataka: Bangalore
• Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram
• Madhya Pradesh: Bhopal
• Maharashtra: Mumbai
• Manipur: Imphal
• Meghalaya: Shillong
• Mizoram: Aizawl
• Nagaland: Kohima
• Odisha: Bhubaneswar
• Punjab: Chandigarh
• Rajasthan: Jaipur
• Sikkim: Gangtok
• Tamil Nadu: Chennai
• Telangana: Hyderabad
• Tripura: Agartala
• Uttar Pradesh: Lucknow
• Uttarakhand: Dehradun
• West Bengal: Kolkata
♦ Union Territories
Some regions in India do not have the status of States. These are Union Territories. Now in India there are Eight Union Territories.
♦ List the names of the Union Territories and their capitals
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands - Port Blair
• Chandigarh - Chandigarh
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu - Daman
• Delhi - New Delhi
• Jammu and Kashmir - Srinagar (Summer), Jammu (Winter)
• Ladakh - Leh (Summer), Kargil (Winter)
• Lakshadweep - Kavaratti
• Puducherry - Puducherry
♦ Look at the map of India and find answers to the following:
• India's neighbouring countries.
Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and Maldives
• States on the coast of the Arabian Sea.
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, and Kerala
• States on the coast of the Bay of Bengal.
West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu
• The smallest State in India.
Goa
• The State which shares borders with the maximum number
Uttar Pradesh
♦ Complete the word puzzle using the hints given below:
Across
1. The Second largest state. Located in the central part of India.
2. The state that has a border with Nepal. Patna is the Capital.
3. Hyderabad is located in this State.
Down
1. Shares border with the neighbouring country, Myanmar. Located adjacent to Tripura.
4. Kerala’s neighbouring state. Bengaluru is its Capital.
5. Shares borders with Rajasthan, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. Located near Delhi, the capital of India.
6. Kohima is the capital of this State.
7. Located on the coast of Arabian Sea. Shares a border with Gujarat.
8. Borders with Bangladesh. Neighbouring state of Assam.
9. The largest State in India.
Up
10. Neighbouring State of Kerala. Chennai is its capital.
♦ Have you noticed in how many languages the value of an Indian currency is denoted? Find out and write the names of those languages in My Environmental Science Diary.
The language panel of Indian currency has the value recorded in fifteen languages. Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu are the languages included in the language panel of Indian currency. In addition, the value is written in Hindi and English on the front and back of the currency.
♦ Observe the picture.
Among the pictures, Mohiniyattam is the dance form of Kerala. We have graceful classical dances like Bharatanatyam and Kathakali, lively folk dances like Bhangra and Garba. We also have diverse musical styles like Carnatic, Hindustani, and Ghazal. etc.
♦ Complete the Table.
| Art Form | State |
|---|---|
| • Mohiniyattam | Kerala |
| • Bharatanatyam | Tamilnadu |
| • Kuchipudi | Andhrapradesh |
| • Kathak | Uttar Pradesh |
| • Manipuri | Manipur |
♦ What are the National Symbols of our country?
• National Flag
• National Emblem (Lion capital of Ashoka)
• National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana...)
• National Song (Vande...mataram)
• National Bird (Peacock)
• National Flower (Lotus)
• National Animal (Tiger)
• National Tree (Banyan Tree)
• National River (Ganga)
• National Aquatic Animal (Ganges River Dolphin)
♦ National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana...)
'Jana Gana Mana' is our National Anthem. We are familiar with the National Anthem because we sing this beautiful song every school day. Rabindranath Tagore wrote it. We sing Jana Gana Mana on special
national days like Independence Day and Republic Day as well. When we sing The National Anthem, we stand respectfully. It fills our hearts with love for India. It reminds us that we are all one.
♦ Find the answers to the following questions with the help of the class library.
• Who wrote Our National Anthem, Jana Gana Mana?
Rabindranath Tagore.
• In which language is the National Anthem written?
Bengali
• How should one stand while singing the National Anthem?
Standing respectfully
• What is the prescribed time for singing the National Anthem?
52 second
♦ National Emblem
The National Emblem of India is adopted from the pillar built by Emperor Ashoka at Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh. The lions facing all four directions are the prominent feature of this emblem. Dharmachakra (wheel of Dharma) seen at the bottom centre is the Ashoka Chakra. It has 24 spokes.
♦ Find answers to the following questions.
• What is the sentence inscribed at the bottom of the emblem? What does it mean?
'Satyameva Jayate' (Truth alone triumphs) from the 'Mundakoupanishad' are inscribed in Devanagari script.
• What are the other animals seen in the National Emblem?
Elephant
Bull
Horse
♦ National Song
‘Vande… Mataram...’ written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee is our National Song. It is composed in Bengali, with selected Sanskrit words.
Let’s Assess
1. Match the following.
• Independence Day of India - January 30, 1948
• The Day the Indian Constitution came into force - August 8, 1942
• Quit India Day - January 26, 1950
• Gandhiji's Day of Death - November 26, 1949
• Constitution Day of India - August 15, 1947
Answer:
• Independence Day of India - August 15, 1947
• The Day the Indian Constitution came into force - January 26, 1950
• Quit India Day - August 8, 1942
• Gandhiji's Day of Death - January 30, 1948
• Constitution Day of India - November 26, 1949
2. Mark true or false (✔/ x).
• Goa shares a border with Kerala.
• India has coastlines by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
• Hindi is the most widely spoken language in India
• India has five neighbouring countries.
Answer:
• Goa shares a border with Kerala. x
• India has coastlines by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. ✔
• Hindi is the most widely spoken language in India ✔
• India has five neighbouring countries. x
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