Kerala Syllabus STD 8 Social Science: Chapter 02 Towards the Emergence of the National Movement - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook


Study Notes for Class 8 Social Science (English Medium) ദേശീയപ്രസ്ഥാനത്തിന്റെ ആവിർഭാവത്തിലേക്ക് | Text Books Solution Social Science (English Medium) Chapter 02 Towards the Emergence of the National Movement | Teaching Manual & Teachers Handbook 

എട്ടാം ക്ലാസ് Social Science - Chapter 02 Towards the Emergence of the National Movement എന്ന അധ്യായത്തെ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി തയ്യാറാക്കിയ ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ (English Medium). പഠന സഹായികൾ അയക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുള്ളവർ ഈ നമ്പറിൽ വാട്സാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക: 9497346250.

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Chapter 02: Towards the Emergence of the National Movement - Questions and Answers & Model Questions
♦ Who wrote the play Nil Darpan?
Dinabandhu Mitra

♦ What is called Nationalism?
A sense of unity emerged among Indians beyond all differences like caste, religion, dress, language and culture.

♦ What were the circumstances that led to the strengthening of Indian nationalism?
• Economic Policy
• Western Education
• Literature and Newspapers
• Social Reform Movements
• Transport and Communication

♦ Who were the early leaders of the indian National Movement?
Dadabhai Naoroji, R. C. Dutt, and Mahadev Govind Ranade

♦ Who is known as the ‘Grand Old Man of India’?
Dadabhai Naoroji

♦ Discuss the economic policies implemented by the British in India and their consequences
The British transformed India into a colony for raw material collection and a market for their goods, aiming for economic exploitation. This policy resulted in widespread unemployment and poverty, prompting diverse groups, including farmers, artisans, small traders, and tribal communities, to rebel against British rule.

♦ What was the attitude that strengthened Indian nationalism in the 19th century?
A strong anti-British feeling was the basis of Indian nationalism.  It fostered a sense of unity among indians beyond all such differences, caste, religion, dress, language and culture is called Nationalism. 

♦ What were the aims of the British to start English education in India?
• to highlight their superiority
• to subjugate Indians culturally
• to mould a section of Indians who would be sympathetic to them.

♦ How did Western education help in developing nationalism among
Indians?
• Indians became conscious of democracy, freedom, egalitarianism, equal justice, scientific temper and civil rights.
• English became the common language of the exchange of ideas
• Helping Indians to understand the economic and social weaknesses of the country.
• This led to the emergence of nationalism.

♦ Literary works and newspapers played an important role in spreading
nationalism in India. Justify?
• The protest against the British had reflections in literature.
• The sufferings, neglect and exploitation became themes in literary works.
• Prominent writers like Dinabandhu Mitra, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore, Vallathol Narayana Menon, and Subramanya Bharati played an important role in inculcating nationalism among the people.

♦ Table on major national literary figures
Major national literary figures Language
• Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
• Rabindranath Tagore		• Bengali
• Lakshminath Bezbaruah• Assamese
• Vishnushastri Chiplunkar• Marathi
• Subramania Bharati• Tamil
• Bharatendu Harishchandra
• Premchand		• Hindi
• Altaf Hussain Hali• Urdu
• Vallathol Narayana Menon• Malayalam
♦ How did Raja Ram Mohan Roy play a decisive role in the development of modern ideas and nationalism through his newspapers?
• Pioneered journalism in India.
• The newspapers he started were Sambad Kaumudi in Bengali and Mirat ul-Akbar in Persian.
• Respond and criticise the British policies, and patronise a critical mindset against exploitation.
5. Role of newspapers in fostering nationalism & patriotism
Newspapers, in both English and regional languages, became vital platforms for spreading nationalism. Pioneered by Raja Ram Mohan Roy with Sambad Kaumudi (Bengali) and Mirat ul-Akbar (Persian), these publications enabled criticism of British policies and fostered a critical awareness against exploitation, thereby playing a crucial role in developing modern ideas and nationalistic sentiment

♦ Table on important newspapers which played a decisive role in the
development of modern ideas and nationalism.
News Paper Language
• Amrita Bazar Patrika
• Bengali
• The Hindu
• The Times of India		• English
• Mathrubhumi
• Al Ameen		• Malayalam
♦ Name the act enacted by Lord Lytton to control newspapers of India?
Vernacular Press Act.

♦ List out the major social reforming activities of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
• He played a crucial role in abolishing Sati.
• Started many schools to impart modern education.
• Started Brahma Samaj.
• Fought against child marriage and polygamy.
• Argued that women have the right to inheritance.
• Stood against idolatry and polytheism

♦ Write down the activities of Jyotirao Phule as a social reformer.
• Fought for the rights of lower caste people in Maharashtra and for women.
• Formed Satyashodhak Samaj for social reformation. 
• Made efforts for widow's marriage 
• Provide protection to children of widows. 
• Established educational institutions for Women and Dalits.
• The people of Maharashtra respectfully called him ‘Mahatma.’

♦ Prepare a note on the role of Pandita Ramabai in social reforms in India.
Pandita Ramabai fought against child marriage and started several schools for the education of widows and girls.  An organisation called ‘Arya Mahila Samaj’ was established for such activities.  A shelter called ‘Sharada Sadan’ was started for the rehabilitation of widows and a project called Mukti Mission was started to provide vocational training for women. She participated in the conference of the Indian National Congress held in Bombay in 1889.

♦ Prepare a table on the important social reform movements of India and
their founders
Social reform movements Founders
• Prarthana Samaj• Atmaram Pandurang
• Arya Samaj• Swami Dayananda Saraswati
• Aligarh Movement• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
• Theosophical Society• Madame Blavatsky, Colonel Olcott
• Ramakrishna Mission• Swami Vivekananda
• Hitakarini Samaj• Veeresalingam Pantulu
• Swabhimana Prasthanam• E. V. Ramasamy Naicker
• Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam • Sree Narayana Guru
• Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham• Ayyankali
♦ How Transport and Communication contributed to the growth of
Indian nationalism?
• The British expanded transport and communication facilities in India for trade, industry, and military purposes.
• They started the railways, postal system, and telegraph services.
• They improved the road transport system to ease the movement of goods.
• These facilities helped people to travel to all parts of India, communicate and understand each other.
• In this way, the idea of nationalism emerged, and the national movement strengthened.
• The implementation of a unified administrative system, legal system, and currency system also created a sense of unity among the people.

♦ Prepare a table  on political organisations which were formed in the
second half of the nineteenth century.
Early political movements Centre of activityNational leaders who led the movements
• Indian Association• Calcutta• Surendranath Banerjee, Ananda Mohan Bose
• Madras Mahajan Sabha • Madras• M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer, Ananda Charlu
• Bombay Presidency Association 
• Bombay• Pherozeshah Mehta, K. T. Telang, Badruddin Tyabji
♦ Discuss and list the limitations of early political movements.
• Organisations were not an all-India by nature.
• Activities were confined to certain provinces and territories.
• Organisations led by the rich and the middle class failed to create
awareness among the masses politically.
• In this context, the need to form an all-India organisation was strengthened.

♦ What are the declared objectives of the Indian National Congress?
• To foster friendly relation among political activists in different parts of India.
• To foster and strengthen a sense of national unity irrespective of caste, religion and province.
• Formulate and give shape to common needs and present them to the British Government.
• Form a public opinion and organise people in the country.
• Allow centres in India for All India Competitive Examinations as well.

♦ Write the names of important leaders of the Indian National Congress?
Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendranath Banerjee, Pherozshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, Gopalakrishna Gokhale, Balagangadhara Tilak, P.Ananda Charlu, R. C. Dutt and Ananda Mohan Bose.
♦ Name the first Malayali who became the President of the Indian National Congress?
Sir. C Sankaran Nair

♦ Partition of Bengal
To weaken the growing Congress-led nationalist movement, particularly in its stronghold of Bengal, British Viceroy Lord Curzon Partitioned Bengal in 1905. He justified it as necessary for efficient administration due to Bengal's vast size.

♦ What was the real motive behind the partition of Bengal?
The aim was to divide the province of Bengal into two, which was the stronghold of the nationalist movement

♦ How was Bengal divided?
• Bengal was divided into East Bengal and West Bengal.
• East Bengal was a Muslim-majority region
• West Bengal was a Hindu-majority region

♦ Name the British Viceroy who carried out the partition of  Bengal?
What reason did he give for it?
• Lord Curzon
• Argued that the existing province of Bengal was vast and partition was necessary for efficient administration

♦ When was the partition effected?
October 16, 1905

♦ Who composed the patriotic song ‘Amar Sonar Bangla’?
Rabindranath Tagore

♦ Write a short note about the Swadeshi Movement.
The protests against British policies escalated into the "Swadeshi
Movement," significantly energising the Indian National Movement. Centred on the concept of “self-reliance,” its primary strategy involved promoting Indian-made goods while boycotting British products to boost indigenous industries and cut off trade revenue for the colonial government.

♦ List some of the industries and establishments that emerged in India as a direct result of the Swadeshi Movement.
• Bengal Chemical Store - Acharya P. C. Roy
• Swadeshi Store - Rabindranath Tagore
• Swadeshi Steem Navigation Company - V. Chidambaram Pillai
• Steel Factory-  Jamshedji Tata

♦ Write the influence of the Swadeshi Movement on Indian freedom
struggle.
• The common people, women and students of India became participants in a political movement for the first time. 
• Influenced culture, education, economy and politics.
• Spread the Indian freedom movement at the national level and contribute to the Swadeshi as a new way of the freedom struggle. 
• Brought the national struggle closer to the common people

♦ Compare the working methods of the moderates with those of the extremists in the Indian National Movement and prepare a note.
i. Moderates
• Not ready for an open struggle against the British.
• Peaceful and bloodless struggles, meetings, speeches and resolutions. • Pherozshah Mehta, Gopalakrishna Gokhale and Dadabhai Naoroji.

ii. Extremists
• Freedom could be achieved only through strong, open struggle
• Revolutionary methods of action like swadeshi and boycott  
• Bal Gangadhara Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai

♦ What happened at the Surat Congress session in 1907?
The acute ideological differences within the Indian National Congress culminated in a split at the Surat conference in 1907, rendering further proceedings impossible. The British adeptly exploited this division, implementing their "divide and rule" policy more effectively. They responded with severe repression against the Extremists, arresting and jailing their leaders, exiling figures like Bala Gangadhara Tilak, and causing many to withdraw from politics.
♦ How was the British "Divide and Rule" policy implemented?
The British took advantage of the split in the Congress between Moderates and Extremists very skillfully. This allowed the British to implement their policy of divide and rule more effectively. 

♦ The British implemented some administrative reforms to mitigate
popular anger and influence moderates in Congress. Write example 
The Minto Morley reforms of 1909

♦ What were the main provisions of the Minto Morley reforms?
• Provision of separate constituencies for Muslims 
• Expansion of the functions and powers of the legislatures.

♦ Who were known as Lal-Bal-Pal?
• Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhara Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal

♦ Write examples of the British policy of ‘divide and rule’.
• The Partition of Bengal
• Minto-Morley Reforms

♦ In which year First World War start?
1914

♦ What was the aim of the Home Rule League?
• The aim of the Home Rule was to attain Home Rule or Self-Government
• It was led by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhara Tilak.

♦ How did the British Government respond to the activities of the Home Rule League?
Realising that the Home Rule League’s activities were a threat to British supremacy, the government arrested and imprisoned Annie Besant.  Later, she was released from jail and was elected the President of the Congress at the Calcutta Conference in 1917.  Annie Besant is the first woman president of the Indian National Congress.

♦ Who is the first woman president of the Indian National Congress?
• Annie Besant

♦ What were the important decisions taken at the annual conference of the Congress in 1916 was held in Lucknow?
• The moderates and extremists should unite
• The Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League should work together

♦ Prepare a table on secret revolutionary organisations
Revolutionary organisations PlaceLeadership
Anusheelan SamitiBengalSachindra Nath Sanyal, Aurobindo Ghosh
Bharat Mata AssociationMadrasNeelakanta Brahmachari, Vanchi Iyer, Ajit Singh
Yugantar PartyBengalNeelakanta Brahmachari, Vanchi Iyer, Ajit Singh
Ghadar partyAmericaLala Hardayal

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