Kerala Syllabus STD 8 Social Science: Chapter 02 Towards the Emergence of the National Movement - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook
ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.
Chapter 02: Towards the Emergence of the National Movement - Questions and Answers & Model Questions
♦ Who wrote the play, Nil Darpan?
Dinabandhu Mitra
♦ What is the subject of the play Nil Darpan by Dinabandhu Mitra?
Nil Darpan is a play written against the exploitation of the indigo plantation owners in India during British colonial rule. The play highlights the need for indians to stand together against exploiters and emphasizes the need for unity among Indians.
♦ What are the main ideas that can be understood from the play Nil Darpan?
• The need to fight against foreign tyranny
• Emancipation from economic exploitation
• The importance of fostering unity among Indians.
♦ What is called Nationalism?
A sense of unity emerged among Indians beyond all differences like caste, religion, dress, language and culture. This sense of unity is called Nationalism.
♦ What were the circumstances that led to the strengthening of Indian nationalism?
• Economic Policy
• Western Education
• Literature and Newspapers
• Social Reform Movements
• Transport and Communication
♦ Who were the early leaders of the indian National Movement?
Dadabhai Naoroji, R. C. Dutt, and Mahadev Govind Ranade
♦ Who is known as the ‘Grand Old Man of India’?
Dadabhai Naoroji
♦ Discuss the economic policies implemented by the British in India and their consequences
The British transformed India into a colony for raw material collection and a market for their goods, aiming for economic exploitation. This policy resulted in widespread unemployment and poverty, prompting diverse groups, including farmers, artisans, small traders, and tribal communities, to rebel against British rule.
♦ What was the attitude that strengthened Indian nationalism in the 19th century?
A strong anti-British feeling was the basis of Indian nationalism. It fostered a sense of unity among indians beyond all such differences, caste, religion, dress, language and culture is called Nationalism.
♦ What were the aims of the British to start English education in India?
• to highlight their superiority
• to subjugate Indians culturally
• to mould a section of Indians who would be sympathetic to them.
♦ How did Western education help in developing nationalism among
Indians?
• Indians became conscious of democracy, freedom, egalitarianism, equal justice, scientific temper and civil rights.
• English became the common language of the exchange of ideas
• Helping Indians to understand the economic and social weaknesses of the country.
• This led to the emergence of nationalism.
♦ Literary works and newspapers played an important role in spreading
nationalism in India. Justify?
• The protest against the British had reflections in literature.
• The sufferings, neglect and exploitation became themes in literary works.
• Prominent writers like Dinabandhu Mitra, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore, Vallathol Narayana Menon, and Subramanya Bharati played an important role in inculcating nationalism among the people.
♦ Table on major national literary figures
| Major national literary figures | Language |
|---|---|
| • Bankim Chandra Chatterjee • Rabindranath Tagore | Bengali |
| • Lakshminath Bezbaruah | Assamese |
| • Vishnushastri Chiplunkar | Marathi |
| • Subramania Bharati | Tamil |
| • Bharatendu Harishchandra • Premchand | Hindi |
| • Altaf Hussain Hali | Urdu |
| • Vallathol Narayana Menon | Malayalam |
♦ How did Raja Ram Mohan Roy play a decisive role in the development of modern ideas and nationalism through his newspapers?
• Pioneered journalism in India.
• The newspapers he started were Sambad Kaumudi in Bengali and Mirat ul-Akbar in Persian.
• Respond and criticise the British policies, and patronise a critical mindset against exploitation.
♦ What role did newspapers play in spreading nationalism?
Newspapers, in English and regional languages, criticised British policy, fostered a critical mindset against exploitation, and helped spread modern ideas and nationalism.
♦ Table on important newspapers which played a decisive role in the
development of modern ideas and nationalism.
| News Paper | Language |
|---|---|
| • Amrita Bazar Patrika | • Bengali |
| • The Hindu • The Times of India | • English |
| • Mathrubhumi • Al Ameen | • Malayalam |
♦ Name the act enacted by Lord Lytton to control newspapers of India?
Vernacular Press Act.
♦ Prepare a short description on ‘The Role of Press in Developing Nationalism.’
In the 19th century, the press played a crucial role in the growth of Indian nationalism. Newspapers significantly contributed to awakening national consciousness by exposing the exploitation and injustices of British colonial rule. Newspapers such as Sambad Kaumudi (Bengali) and Mirat ul-Akbar (Persian), started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, marked the beginning of Indian journalism. Newspapers like Amrita Ba- zar Patrika (Bengali), The Hindu, Times of India (English), Mathrubhumi, and Al-Ameen (Malayalam) criticized British policies and cultivated a spirit of protest among the people against economic and social exploitation.
These newspapers, published in both English and regional languages, became platforms for uniting people from different regions of India. They also helped disseminate modern ideas like democracy, freedom, and equal justice, thereby strengthening national consciousness. Although the British tried to suppress such publications through Acts like the Vernacular Press Act, the Indian public stood united against such laws. In this way, the press helped to cultivate nationalism and anti-British sentiments, reinforcing the foundation of the Indian national movement. Social Reform Movement.
♦ Who initiated social reform in India?
Raja Ram Mohan Roy initiated social reforms in India.
♦ List out the major social reforming activities of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
• He played a crucial role in abolishing Sati.
• Started many schools to impart modern education.
• Started Brahma Samaj.
• Fought against child marriage and polygamy.
• Argued that women have the right to inheritance.
• Stood against idolatry and polytheism
♦ Who was Jyotirao Phule? Which organisation did he establish?
Jyotirao Phule was a social reformer from Maharashtra who fought for the rights of the lower caste and women. He founded the organisation named Satyashodhak Samaj.
♦ Write down the activities of Jyotirao Phule as a social reformer.
• Fought for the rights of lower caste people in Maharashtra and for women.
• Formed Satyashodhak Samaj for social reformation.
• Made efforts for widow's marriage
• Provide protection to children of widows.
• Established educational institutions for Women and Dalits.
• The people of Maharashtra respectfully called him ‘Mahatma.’
♦ How did Savithri Phule participate in social reform?
Savithri Phule, the life partner of Jyotirao Phule, actively worked for women's education by establishing several schools for girls and night schools.
♦ Prepare a note on the role of Pandita Ramabai in social reforms in India.
Pandita Ramabai fought against child marriage and started several schools for the education of widows and girls. An organisation called ‘Arya Mahila Samaj’ was established for such activities. A shelter called ‘Sharada Sadan’ was started for the rehabilitation of widows and a project called Mukti Mission was started to provide vocational training for women. She participated in the conference of the Indian National Congress held in Bombay in 1889.
♦ Prepare a table on the important social reform movements of India and
their founders
| Social reform movements | Founders |
|---|---|
| • Prarthana Samaj | • Atmaram Pandurang |
| • Arya Samaj | • Swami Dayananda Saraswati |
| • Aligarh Movement | • Sir Syed Ahmad Khan |
| • Theosophical Society | • Madame Blavatsky, Colonel Olcott |
| • Ramakrishna Mission | • Swami Vivekananda |
| • Hitakarini Samaj | • Veeresalingam Pantulu |
| • Swabhimana Prasthanam | • E. V. Ramasamy Naicker |
| • Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam | • Sree Narayana Guru |
| • Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham | • Ayyankali |
♦ How Transport and Communication contributed to the growth of
Indian nationalism?
• The British expanded transport and communication facilities in India for trade, industry, and military purposes.
• They started the railways, postal system, and telegraph services.
• They improved the road transport system to ease the movement of goods.
• These facilities helped people to travel to all parts of India, communicate and understand each other.
• In this way, the idea of nationalism emerged, and the national movement strengthened.
♦ Prepare a table on political organisations which were formed in the second half of the nineteenth century.
| Early political movements | Centre of activity | National leaders who led the movements |
|---|---|---|
| • Indian Association | • Calcutta | • Surendranath Banerjee, Ananda Mohan Bose |
| • Madras Mahajan Sabha | • Madras | • M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer, Ananda Charlu |
| • Bombay Presidency Association | • Bombay | • Pherozeshah Mehta, K. T. Telang, Badruddin Tyabji |
♦ Discuss and list the limitations of early political movements.
Early political movements:
• Indian Association
• Madras Mahajan Sabha
• Bombay Presidency Association
Limitations:
• Organisations were not all-India by nature.
• Activities were confined to certain provinces and territories.
• Organisations led by the rich and the middle class failed to create
awareness among the masses politically.
♦ What have you learned regarding the formation of the Indian National
Congress from the description given below?
| On December 28, 1885, at 12 noon, a meeting was held in a spacious room at the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay. Seventy-two persons had assembled there. They had worked as representatives of some important organisations in different regions of India. They were different personalities in terms of language, religion and recognition in society... One of the organisers was an Englishman, Allan Octavian Hume. W. C. Banerjee, a lawyer, presided over the meeting that day. Courtesy: KSICL, History of National Freedom Struggle for Children |
|---|
• The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay from December 28 to 31, 1885
• It was attended by 72 persons
• The founding of the Congress was led by a Britishman, Allan Octavian Hume (A.O Hume).
• The first session was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College.
• W. C. Banerjee, a lawyer, was elected as the president of the session.
♦ What are the declared objectives of the Indian National Congress?
• To foster friendly relation among political activists in different parts of India.
• To foster and strengthen a sense of national unity irrespective of caste, religion and province.
• Formulate and give shape to common needs and present them to the British Government.
• Form a public opinion and organise people in the country.
• Allow centres in India for All India Competitive Examinations as well.
♦ In which month was the annual session of the Indian National Congress held each year?
The annual conference of the Indian National Congress was held every year in December.
♦ Write the names of important leaders of the Indian National Congress.
Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendranath Banerjee, Pherozshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, Gopalakrishna Gokhale, Balagangadhara Tilak, P.Ananda Charlu, R. C. Dutt and Ananda Mohan Bose.
♦ Name the first Malayali who became the President of the Indian National Congress?
Sir. C Sankaran Nair
♦ What was the reason for the Partition of Bengal?
To weaken the growing Congress-led nationalist movement, particularly in its stronghold of Bengal, British Viceroy Lord Curzon Partitioned Bengal in 1905. He justified it as necessary for efficient administration due to Bengal's vast size.
♦ What was the real motive behind the partition of Bengal?
• To weaken the Congress-led nationalist movement
• Divide Bengal, the stronghold of the national movement, into two parts: East Bengal and West Bengal. East Bengal was a Muslim-majority region, and West Bengal was a Hindu-majority region.
♦ How was Bengal divided?
• Bengal was divided into East Bengal and West Bengal.
• East Bengal was a Muslim-majority region
• West Bengal was a Hindu-majority region
♦ Name the British Viceroy who carried out the partition of Bengal?
What reason did he give for it?
• Lord Curzon
• Argued that the existing province of Bengal was vast and partition was necessary for efficient administration
♦ When was the partition of Bengal effected?
October 16, 1905
♦ Who was the British ruler who divided Bengal?
The British Viceroy Lord Curzon.
♦ Who composed the patriotic song ‘Amar Sonar Bangla’?
Rabindranath Tagore
♦ What happened in Bengal on October 16, 1905?
On October 16, 1905, when the partition was effected, mourning was observed throughout Bengal. A hartal was observed in Calcutta. People also gathered in the streets singing the patriotic song ‘Amar Sonar Bangla’ composed by Rabindranath Tagore. These protests turned into a massive strike, known as the ‘Swadeshi Movement.’
♦ What was the main idea of the Swadeshi Movement?
‘Self-reliance’ was the main concept of the Swadeshi Movement, that is to support indigenous industries and enterprises.
♦ Write a short note about the Swadeshi Movement.
The protests against British policies escalated into the "Swadeshi
Movement," significantly energising the Indian National Movement. Centred on the concept of “self-reliance,” its primary strategy involved promoting Indian-made goods while boycotting British products to boost indigenous industries and cut off trade revenue for the colonial government.
♦ What was the objective of the Swadeshi Movement?
The objective of the Swadeshi Movement was to promote the success of Swadeshi industries and other enterprises, which meant boycotting British products and thus depriving the government of trade revenue.
♦ Which institutions were started as part of the Swadeshi Movement?
Many textile mills, soap factories, match factories, handloom establishments, national banks and insurance companies were started.
♦ List some of the industries and establishments that emerged in India as a direct result of the Swadeshi Movement.
• Bengal Chemical Store - Acharya P. C. Roy
• Swadeshi Store - Rabindranath Tagore
• Swadeshi Steem Navigation Company - V. Chidambaram Pillai
• Steel Factory- Jamshedji Tata
♦ Write the influence of the Swadeshi Movement on Indian freedom
struggle.
• The common people, women and students of India became participants in a political movement for the first time.
• Influenced culture, education, economy and politics.
• Spread the Indian freedom movement at the national level and contribute to the Swadeshi as a new way of the freedom struggle.
• Brought the national struggle closer to the common people
♦ List the facts that can be gleaned about the Swadeshi Movement from the following description.
| ‘In the days of strength, the Swadeshi movement coloured the fabric of our social and domestic life. Wedding presents comprising foreign materials which could be made in India were returned. Priests often objected to officiating at ceremonies in which things were offered to the gods. Guests refused to participate in celebrations where foreign salt and sugar used.’ Courtesy: Bipan Chandra, Modern India |
|---|
• Wedding gifts, which included foreign objects, were returned
• Priests refused to officiate at ceremonies where things were offered to the gods.
• Guests refused to participate in celebrations where foreign salt and sugar used.’
♦ Compare the working methods of the moderates with those of the extremists in the Indian National Movement and prepare a note.
i. Moderates
• Not ready for an open struggle against the British.
• Peaceful and bloodless struggles, meetings, speeches and resolutions.
• Pherozshah Mehta, Gopalakrishna Gokhale and Dadabhai Naoroji.
ii. Extremists
• Freedom could be achieved only through strong, open struggle
• Revolutionary methods of action like swadeshi and boycott
• Bal Gangadhara Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai
♦ What happened at the Surat Congress session in 1907?
The differences between the moderates and the extremists became acute at the Surat Congress conference in 1907. It even became impossible to continue the conference. These developments led to a split in the Congress.
♦ How was the British "Divide and Rule" policy implemented?
The British took advantage of the split in the Congress between Moderates and Extremists very skillfully. This allowed the British to implement their policy of divide and rule more effectively.
♦ What actions did the British take against the extremists during the freedom struggle?
The British imprisoned the extremist leaders. Many leaders, including Balagangadhara Tilak, were exiled, and many leaders quit politics.
♦ The British implemented some administrative reforms to mitigate
popular anger and influence moderates in Congress. Write example
The Minto Morley reforms of 1909
♦ What were the main provisions of the Minto Morley reforms?
• Provision of separate constituencies for Muslims
• Expansion of the functions and powers of the legislatures.
♦ Who were known as Lal-Bal-Pal?
• Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhara Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal
♦ Write examples of the British policy of ‘divide and rule’.
• The Partition of Bengal
• Minto-Morley Reforms
♦ In which year First World War start?
1914
♦ What was the aim of the Home Rule League?
• The aim of Home Rule was to attain Home Rule or Self-Government
• It was led by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhara Tilak.
♦ How did the British Government respond to the activities of the Home Rule League?
Realising that the Home Rule League’s activities were a threat to British supremacy, the government arrested and imprisoned Annie Besant. Later, she was released from jail and was elected the President of the Congress at the Calcutta Conference in 1917.
♦ Who is the first woman president of the Indian National Congress?
• Annie Besant
♦ What were the important decisions taken at the annual conference of the Congress in 1916 was held in Lucknow?
• The moderates and extremists should unite
• The Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League should work together
♦ Prepare a table on secret revolutionary organisations
| Revolutionary organisations | Place | Leadership |
|---|---|---|
| Anusheelan Samiti | Bengal | Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Aurobindo Ghosh |
| Bharat Mata Association | Madras | Neelakanta Brahmachari, Vanchi Iyer, Ajit Singh |
| Yugantar Party | Bengal | Rash Behari Bose, Khudiram Bose |
| Ghadar party | America | Lala Hardayal |
 Chapter 02 Towards the Emergence of the National Movement - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook){kind=link}
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