Kerala Syllabus Class 4 EVS Unit 4: Kerala: A Symphony of Art - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook

നാലാം ക്‌ളാസിലെ EVS ലെ Kerala: A Symphony of Art പഠിക്കുന്നതിനും, പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനും ആവശ്യമായ വിവിധ പഠനസഹായികൾ | Study Notes for Class 4th Environment Science - കലാകേരളം | Text Books Solution EVS (English Medium) Chapter 04 Kerala: A Symphony of Art. 
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ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്‌മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.

Around us in Different Forms - Questions and Answers
♦ Write a short note about Thiruvathirakali.
• A group dance performed by women, often during the Thiruvathira celebration in the month of Dhanu.
• Dancers wear traditional Kerala costumes and stand in a circle around a lighted Nilavilakku, clapping their hands.
• The dance is accompanied by the Thiru-Vathira song.

♦ Write a short note about Margamkali
• Another art form that uses a lighted Nilavilakku in the middle.
• The costume of the performers is 'chatta and mundu'.
• The dance performance is accompanied by songs describing the history of Christianity. 

♦ Write a short note about Oppana
• A group dance popular in the Muslim community.
Performed in a circle during wedding celebrations.
• The dancers stand around the bride, who is seated in the middle.
• The songs highlight the virtues of the groom for the bride. The dance is accompanied by songs highlighting the virtues of the groom. 

♦ Write a short note about Vattappattu (Aanoppana)
• An art form performed by men in a circle. 
• It is considered the male version of the female-dominated dance form called Oppana. 
• Traditionally performed by men from the groom's side during Muslim wedding ceremonies, it combines singing, rhythmic clapping, and light movements.
• The songs typically have themes related to Islamic traditions, local stories, and celebratory moments. They can also include humorous elements.
• Performers traditionally wear a white mundu (a long cloth wrapped around the waist), a kurta, and a headgear.
• While it originated as an entertainment art form for weddings, it has also become a popular competitive cultural event at the Kerala School Kalolsavam and other youth festivals, helping to preserve the region's Muslim cultural heritage.

♦ Write a short note about Mangalamkali (Kalyanakali)
• Popular in Kasaragod and Kannur districts. 
• Associated with wedding celebrations. 
• Mainly performed by a group of women while men sing and clap their hands. 
• Any life-related topic, such as hunting, work or rituals, can be the subject of the songs used in Mangalamkali.

♦ Write a short note about Villadichanpattu
• A popular art form in South Kerala.
• Musical instruments include a large bow, a pot, and a stick with jingles to create rhythm.
• The performance involves body movements and acting.
• It starts with a greeting song (Vandangaanam) followed by a story song (Kadhaagaanam).

♦ Prepare a note on Theyyam, the art form popular in North Kerala. Theyyam (Theyyattam or Kaliyattam):
• A ritualistic art form from North Kerala.
• It combines artistic sense and devotion.
• It is also called Theyyattam and Kaliyatam.
• It is believed that the origin of Theyyam is from the word 'Dhaivam' (God)
• The dance is performed in the form of deities. The Chenda is the main instrument
• It also used Maddalam, llathalam, and Komb.

♦ Art forms play a vital role in making our celebrations more colourful. What are the major performing art forms found in our state?
• Kathakali
• Thullal (Ottanthullal, Parayanthullal, Seethankanthullal)
• Thiruvathirakali. 
• Kolkali
• Oppana 
• Margamkali 
• Koodiyattam
• Chakyarkoothu 
• Dafmuttu
• Mohiniyattam
• Theyyam
• Garudanparava
• Padayani
• Villadichanpattu 
• Krishnanattam

♦ Complete the word puzzle given below based on the pictures and instructions.
Answers:
• Across: 1. Mangalamkali, 2. Oppana, 3. Theyyam, 4. chenda, 5. Margamkali, 6. Thiruvathirakali
• Down: 7. Kadhakali
♦ Find out and write the dance forms seen in these pictures.
Answers:
1. Bharathanatyam
2. Chakyarkoothu
3. Keralanatanam
4. Folk dance

♦ Which art form is known as 'The King Of Arts'?
Kadhakali

♦ Which is the graceful, classical dance form of Kerala?
Mohiniyattam.

♦ What are folk games?
Folk games are the games played in a locality for a long time
♦ Which are the art forms that originated in Kerala?
Kathakali, Ottanthullal, Theyyam, Thiruvathirakali, Koodiyattam, Chakyarkoothu, Margam kali, Krishnanattam etc.

♦ Kerala also has a great tradition of music. How many branches of music are you familiar with? 
• Lalithaganam
• Classical music
• Kathakali songs
• Folk songs
• Mappilappattu
• Ayyappanpattu 
• Kalampattu 
• Bhajanapattu 
• Pulluvanpattu

♦ Songs associated with agriculture.
Koithupattu, Njattupattu, Vithappattu, Chakrappattu, Kilappattu, etc.

♦ Art forms related to temple festivals.
Kathakali, Koodiyattam, Chakyar kooth, Poorakkali,  Panchavadyam, Padayani, etc.

♦ Haven't you understood about different types of musical forms? Find out information about the musical forms given below and prepare a note on them.
• Folk songs
• Vanchipattu
• Pulluvanpattu
• Mappilapattu 
• Sopanasangeetham 
• Vadakkanpattu 
• Classical music

♦ Folk songs
Folk songs are those that have been passed down orally from generation to generation. They are closely related to spoken language. Agriculture, labour, entertainment, and tradition often become the themes of these songs. It is related to the rituals and culture of that locality.

♦ Vanchipattu
Songs are sung by boatmen while rowing with a rhythm that matches the speed of their rowing.

♦ Mappilapattu
Very popular songs in the Muslim community. Composed in a special Malayalam language (Arabic Malayalam), which incorporates words from Arabic, Persian, Hindustani, and Tamil. Moyinkutty Vaidyar is the most renowned composer of Mappilapattu. Mappila songs have a history of over seven centuries. The earliest known work being Muhyadheen Mala, composed by Khazi Muhammad in 1607 AD. The songs are an integral part of Mappila art forms like Oppana and Kolkali. There are var- ious genres, including Malappattu (praising saints), Padappattu (battle songs), and Kissa- pattu (narrative stories). The melodies and rhythmic patterns are known as ishals, and there are about 100 ishals.

♦ Pulluvanpattu
Songs sung by the Pulluvar community in praise of Snake Gods as part of serpent worship rituals.

♦ Sopanasangeetham
A classical style of music that originated in Kerala temples. It is a devotional hymn sung at the steps of the temple's sanctum sanctorum, often accompanied by the idakka, an hourglass-shaped drum and a metallic gong called 'chengila'. Although it is a form of folk song, it follows the rules of classical music. This tradition developed in temples with the popularization of Jayadeva's 'Gita Govindam'. Gita Govindam is a Sanskrit lyrical composition by Jayadeva, who lived in Orissa (Odisha). This is known as Ashtapadi in Kerala. Since each song in this work has eight stanzas, it came to be known as Ashtapadi. In the temples of Kerala, during Kottipadi Seva and Sopanasangeetham, the songs from Gita Govindam are mainly sung.

♦ Vadakkanpattu
• Narrative folk songs from North Kerala that tell tales of warriors and heroes like Thacholi Othenan. 
• The songs have a specific tune and rhythm.
• They are famous as oral songs.

♦ Classical Music
Classical music is performed with a precise singing style and rhythm. Kerala has contributed to both Carnatic and Hindustani music.
♦ Which are the two major classical music forms?
Carnatic music and Hindustani music.

♦ Name the ruler who was popular in music.
Swathi Thirunal.

♦ What scenes in the festival place have attracted you? Make a list of them.
• Decoration with lights of different colours and sizes, which glitter at the entrance and premises.
• decorated elephants.
• processions
• Panchari melam, chendamelam
• heavy fireworks
• stalls are set up in the festival ground selling various food items and various articles.
• Yelling vendors.

♦ What are the arrangements and programmes organized during Onam celebration at school?
• Decorate the school and its surroundings.
• Students and teachers wear traditional Kerala dress.
• Conduct pookkalam competition.
• Make greeting cards.
• Make Onam feast. (Onassadya )
• Conduct various events.

♦ Why is it said that Onam is a celebration of togetherness?
• Onam is the official state festival of Kerala
• Malayalees all over the world celebrate Onam.
• People of all religions, castes and communities celebrate Onam with equal joy.
• The members of the family who live far away get together to celebrate Onam.
• People send Onam greetings and wishes to each other.
• Children get together to pick flowers and prepare pookkalam.
• Members of the family make Onasadya and have it together.
• People participate in various games according to their age.
• Onam brings people together and makes them stay connected with each other.

♦ Do you like to participate in festivals and celebrations? Prepare a note on any celebration/festival in your locality.
Thrissur Pooram
• The Festival of Festivals: Thrissur Pooram is often called "Poorangalude Pooram." 
• Elephant Parades: A major highlight is the procession of beautifully decorated elephants adorned with golden caparisons called "Nettipattam."
• Kudamattam: The "Kudamattam" is a key event where two competing groups, Paramekkavu and Thiruvambadi, rapidly and rhythmically exchange colourful ornamental umbrellas on the top of elephants.
• Fireworks: The festival is famous for its grand fireworks displays, especially the final display in the early morning of the main Pooram day.
• Vadakkunnatha Temple: The festival is centred around the Vadakkunnatha Temple in Thrissur, with deities from ten different temples gathering there to pay tribute to Lord Shiva.

♦ Raja Ravi Varma.
Raja Ravi Varma was a famous  Indian painter and artist. Ravi Varma was born in 1848 in Kilimanoor, Kerala, into a family of scholars, poets and artists. When Ravi Varma was a young boy, his uncle recognized his artistic talent and sent him to the then-ruling king, Ayilyam Thirunal, who helped him receive an education in the arts. Most of his paintings are based on the Puranas. In 1904, on behalf of the King Emperor, Viceroy Lord Curzon awarded him the  Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal. Suffering from diabetes, Raja Ravi Varma breathed his last in October 1906. 

♦ Irayimman Thampi.
The sweet lullaby (താരാട്ടു പാട്ട്)  Omana Thingal Kidavo…was written by Irayimman Thampi. 
(This lullaby was written for the queen of Travancore to sing to her son, young prince Swathi Thirunal, who later became the king and a famous musician)
He made a valuable contribution to literature and music. His important works include Uttara Swayamvaram Attakatha Keechakavadham Attakatha, Dakshayagam Attakatha. 

♦ Swathi Thirunal 
Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma was the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Travancore. He was a brilliant music composer. He has written more than 500 works in Malayalam, Sanskrit, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada.

♦ Vadakkan pattu
Vadakkanpattu are the songs describing the heroic deeds of Thacholi Othenan, Aromal Chekavar, Unniyarcha etc. Vadakkan Pattukal is a collection of Malayalam Ballads (വീരഗാഥ). Almost all these ballads show strong connections with Kalaripayattu.
♦ Mappilapattu 
Mappila Pattu or Mappila songs are rhythmic songs popular among the Muslim community of northern Kerala. These songs are a blend of Kerala’s folk songs and Arabic musical tradition. Moinkutty Vaidyar, the most popular poet in ‘Arabi-Malayalam’ popularised the Mappilappattu in Kerala.

♦ Observe the given pictures. The pictures given below are related to which festival? Find out and write a note.
• Christmas
Christmas is celebrated all over the world to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ, who was born in Bethlehem. Everyone celebrates Christmas on 25th December. As Jesus Christ was born in a manger, people make mangers on Christmas and place figure of infant Jesus in them to pray and worship. Festive activities such as decorating the Chirstmas tree and singing Christmas carols give a celebratory charm to the Christmas season. Santa Claus, with his long white beard, big belly and cheerful smile, visiting homes, turns children's Christmas celebrations into a joyful dream.

• Bakrid
Bakrid, also known as Eid-ul-Adha, is celebrated all over the world on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Hijra calendar. The festival is observed in remembrance of Prophet Ibrahim Nabi, who, in obedience to God's command, was prepared to sacrifice his only son, Ismail. In memory of the Nabi's spirit of sacrifice, people engage in virtuous deeds and acts of charity. The holy deed of Hajj in Mecca takes place on the day of Eid al-Fitr. On this day, people wear new clothes, apply fragrance, gather in public places and offer prayers.

♦ Name the famous composer of Mappilappattu.
Moyinkutty Vaidyar.

♦ Name the world-famous painter in Kerala.
Raja Ravi Varma.

Let’s Assess
1. Match the following by drawing lines.
• Inventor of Ottan Thullal• Raja Ravi Varma
• Exponent of Mappilapattu• Swathi Thirunal
• World-renowned painter• Moyinkutty Vaidyar
• Musician and administrator• Kunchan Nambiar
Answer:
• Inventor of Ottan Thullal• Kunchan Nambiar
• Exponent of Mappilapattu• Moyinkutty Vaidyar
• World-renowned painter• Raja Ravi Varma
• Musician and administrator• Swathi Thirunal
2. Name the important local art forms in Kerala. Prepare a note on it.
• Thiruvathirakali
• Margamkali
• Oppana
• Vattappattu (Aanoppana)
• Mangalamkali (Kalyanakali)
• Villadichanpattu
• Theyyam


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