Kerala Syllabus Class 4 EVS Unit 5: Around us in Different Forms - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook

നാലാം ക്‌ളാസിലെ EVS ലെ Around us in Different Forms പഠിക്കുന്നതിനും, പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനും ആവശ്യമായ വിവിധ പഠനസഹായികൾ | Study Notes for Class 4th Environment Science - പലരൂപത്തിൽ നമുക്കുചുറ്റും | Text Books Solution EVS (English Medium) Chapter 05 Around us in Different Forms. 
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ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്‌മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.

Around us in Different Forms - Questions and Answers
♦ You can also try to draw pictures of the objects mentioned by Nalin. Among them, name the objects that you were able to draw correctly. 
• Stone
• Chocolate
• Chair 

♦ Name the objects you are unable to draw.
• Coconut oil
• Honey
• Water

♦ Why were you able to draw the objects in the first set?
• These Items are solid
• Solids have a definite shape 

♦ Write down the general properties of solid materials.
• Have a definite shape
• Have weight
• Require space to occupy

♦ Take a glass tumbler filled with water. Tie a stone with a string and slowly immerse it into the water. What is your observation? 
The water overflows

♦ What might be the reason?
This proves that the solid requires space to occupy. The solid stone pushes the water out because the stone needs space to occupy.

♦ Try again by immersing a larger stone into the water. What difference do you observe? What might be the reason?
More water overflows because larger solids occupy more space.

♦ What are Solids?
Objects that have a definite shape, mass, and occupy space are called solids.

♦ What are Liquids?
• Objects that flow and having no definite shape are called Liquids. 
• Water, Coconut oil, Kerosene etc. are liquids.

♦ Based on the general properties of liquids, complete the Padasuryan (Word-sun).
• No definite shape
• Has definite weight
• Require space to occupy
• Flowing

♦ In what all situations does the toy fan rotate?
• While running with the toy fan
• When holding facing the wind.
• When blowing strongly into the toy fan

♦ What is wind?
Moving air is called Wind
♦ Observe the picture.
♦ How did the fragrance reach the child’s nose?
The fragrance travels through the air and reaches the child’s nose.

♦ Light an incense stick and place it on the table or place some jasmine flowers or a piece of cotton soaked in lemon-grass oil in a corner of the classroom and observe. What do you experience?
The fragrance of the substances is diffused in the air and reaches our noses. Then we feel their fragrance. We are able to identify the gentle movement of the air at this time.

♦ Shall we make an instrument to detect the gentle movement of air?
Materials required: Paper, scissors, thread.
Take a thin and narrow paper and cut a piece of about 15 cm length from it. Roll this paper around a pencil. Tie a thread to one end of the paper, as shown in the picture. Hang it in a fixed spot in the classroom and observe.

♦ Write down your observation.
Observation: The tied and hanged paper is moving gently.

♦ Instead of the thin paper, use a thick cardboard piece and hang it. What did you observe? Why?
The thick cardboard piece doesn't move as fast than the thin piece.

♦ What is your inference about the movement of air?
Air is always in movement in the atmosphere. We experience it only when the movement of air is strong. 

♦ What are the different ways in which we make use of air?
• to breathe
• to fill air in the tyres of vehicles
• to generate electricity
• to sailing yachts

♦ One day Meenu and her younger brother were going for a picnic with their family. On the way, it started raining heavily. Note the questions that Meenu asks the driver, on noticing water droplets inside the glass pane of the bus.  
• From where did the water droplets appear?
These water droplets formed from the moisture present inside the bus.

• Which component of air became water droplet?
Water vapour in the air is the component that becomes water droplets.
♦ Does air require space?
To clear Vidhu’s doubt, can we do an experiment?
Materials required: Beaker, water, a small plastic ball, transparent plastic tumbler.
Fill the beaker up to three-quarters with water. Place the plastic ball on top of the water.  Keep the plastic tumbler invertedly and firmly on top of the ball. Observe the position of the ball.
• What forced the ball to move to the bottom of the beaker?
Air inside the tumbler

• What can we do to bring the ball back to its initial position?
Raise the tumbler from the water

• Repeat the same experiment using a transparent plastic tumbler that has a hole at its bottom. What did you observe?
Air bubbles release from the tumbler.

• Why does the ball move to the bottom of the tumbler in the first experiment?
In the first experiment, the air in the tumbler pushes the ball down.

• Why does it move upwards in the second experiment?
Because in this experiment, air bubbles rise up through the hole in the tumbler.

• What did we do differently in the second experiment?
Made a hole in the bottom of the tumbler

• When we did so, what moved out from the plastic tumbler?
Air moved out in the form of bubbles.

♦ Let’s see how this experiment was done in a different way in Anu's class. (Textbook Page 97).
Why did Anu’s paper get wet and Mili’s paper not get wet?
Since Anu did not hold the glass properly, the air inside escaped, water entered the glass, and the paper got wet. From this, we can understand that air needs space to occupy.

♦ Does air have a definite shape?
Air doesn't have a definite shape.

♦ Does air have weight?
Listen to the dialogues in the picture (Textbook Pages 98 and 99). To whose opinion do you agree? 
How can we prove that air has weight?
Shall we do an experiment?
Please follow the steps of writing an experimental note. 

Experimental note
• Name of the Experiment: Find out if air has weight?
• Aim: To prove that air has weight?
• Materials: Two balloons, thread, a small stick.
• Procedure: Inflate two balloons and tie their mouths. Tie each balloon on either ends of a long and thin stick. Tie a thread to the middle of the stick and balance the balloons on it. Pick one of the balloons with a pin to release the air inside it.
• Observation and findings: When pick one of the balloons with a pin to release the air inside it, that part of the stick rises and the part of the balloon filled with air comes down.
• Conclusion: The part of the balloon filled with air comes down because of the weight of air. From this, we can understand that air has weight.

♦ The power of air (Textbook Page 100)
Let's experiment with the power of air. 
Materials required: Mason pipe, an empty milk cover, books, and thread.

Insert a mason pipe through the small hole of an empty milk cover and tie it with a thread. Place a book above the cover. Blow air into the cover through the mason pipe.

• What did you observe?
When air is blown into the covers, they fill up and inflate. As the covers inflate, the air pressure inside them increases. This pressure pushes upward and causes the book to rise. The more covers there are, and the more they rise, the greater the weight they can lift.

• The balloon seen rising up in parks and beaches is filled with a gas. Find out which gas it is.
Hydrogen / Helium
♦ What are the properties of gases?
• No definite shape
• Has weight
• Requires space to occupy
• Moving freely

♦ You are already familiar with the three states of matter-solid, liquid and gas. Complete the table based on their properties.
♦ In different forms
♦ Listen to Anu’s doubt
What is your response?
An ice cube is in a solid state, so it can be held in the hand. But water is a liquid, so it can't be held in the hand.

♦ Observe the pictures.
• What do you observe in each picture? What is the state of the matter in each picture?
1. Ice:  Solid
2. Water: Liquid
3. Steam (Vapour): Gas

• Ice, water, steam (water vapour) are the three different states of the same substance. Which is that substance?
Water

• Can water be changed from one state to another?
Yes

• Take some ice cubes in a beaker and heat it, as shown in the picture. What are the changes you can see?
Ice melts and becomes water

• What happens if heated again?
Water becomes water vapour

♦ Can water vapour be converted back to ice again? What needs to be done for that?
Yes, on cooling, water vapour becomes water. On further cooling, ice is formed.

♦ Look at the flowchart given below.
♦ Coconut oil is another liquid. Can this also be converted into three states?
No

♦ Write down examples of substances that change their state upon heating.
• Ghee
• Butter
• Wax

♦ Haven't you noticed that wet clothes become dry after some time? What happened to the water in the clothes? What could be the reason?
Water becomes water vapour due to wind and heat from sunlight.

♦ Do all liquids become vapour?
Yes

♦ Name the process by which liquids become vapour.
The process by which liquids become vapour is known as evaporation. 

♦ Do all liquids vapourise at the same rate?
No

♦ What should be done to convert water from the liquid state to the gaseous state?
Heat the water well

♦ There are certain common properties for the substances that exist in different states. Which are they?
• Requires space to occupy
• Have weight
Let’s Assess

1. Fix a small candle inside the lid of a ball ice cream cup and light it. Can you keep it burning when placed under the water in a container? Prepare an experimental note.
• Name of the Experiment: Candle burns under the water
• Aim: Find out to keep the burning candle placed under the water in a container.
• Materials: a small candle, lid of a ball ice cream cup, water, container, matchbox.
• Procedure: Take water in a container. lighten the candle fixed on the lid of the ice cream cup. Carefully sink the burned candle with the lid into the water.
• Observation and findings: The candle burns for a while and goes out. Water gets inside the lid of the ice cream cup, hold the handle securely.
• Conclusion: When a small candle is inside the lid of a ball ice cream cup, it can't be kept burning continuously in the water in the container. The air inside the lid runs out, and the candle is put out, and water enters the cup.

2. Complete the concept map given below:
3. Observe the different materials around you and understand their properties. Prepare a table by classify them into solid, liquid and gas.


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