Kerala Syllabus Class 4 EVS Unit 6: Marvels of Sky - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook

നാലാം ക്‌ളാസിലെ EVS ലെ Marvels of Sky പഠിക്കുന്നതിനും, പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനും ആവശ്യമായ വിവിധ പഠനസഹായികൾ | Study Notes for Class 4th Environment Science - ആകാശക്കാഴ്ചകൾ | Text Books Solution EVS (English Medium) Chapter 06 Marvels of Sky. 
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ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്‌മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.

Marvels of Sky - Questions and Answers
♦ What are the spherical bodies seen in the sky?
• Sun
• Moon
• Stars

♦ What is the shape of the Earth in which we live?
The Earth has a unique spherical shape. This shape of the Earth is known as Geoid.

♦ How does the Earth move?
Earth moves in its own axis and also moves around the Sun. 

♦ Does the Moon move like the Earth?
Yes, moves around the Earth.

♦ How do day and night occur?
Day and night on Earth is the result of its rotation. The part of the Earth facing the Sun due to rotation gets illuminated and experiences day. As the opposite face does not get sunlight, the night is experienced there.

♦ Rotation 
• The movement of the Earth in its own axis is called Rotation.
• The time required for one rotation of the Earth is estimated as one day (24 hours). 

♦ Revolution
• The movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path is known as Revolution.
• Earth requires one year (365 1/4 days) to complete a revolution.

♦ Observe the picture. 
♦ What do you see in the picture?
• Sun and celestial bodies such as planets. 
• Sun is the centre of the solar system.
• The eight planets, including Earth, move around the Sun. 
• Each planet follows its own path or orbit.

♦ Which are the celestial bodies that revolve around the Sun?
The celestial bodies that revolve around the Sun in definite paths are known as Planets.

♦ What are the peculiarities in their path?
Circular path

♦ How many planets that move around the Sun?
8 planets

♦ Which planet is the closest to the Sun?
Mercury

♦ Which planet is the farthest from the Sun?
Neptune

♦ List out the names of the planets on the basis of their distance from the Sun.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

♦ Which celestial body revolves around the Earth?
Moon
♦ Satellites
The celestial bodies that revolve around the planets are known as Satellites. Moon is the satellite of the Earth.

♦ Solar system
Solar system is the system which consists of the Sun, the planets which revolve around the Sun, satellites of these planets as well as many other celestial bodies.

♦ Do you see the Moon in the sky? Does it have the same shape every day in the sky? What could be the reason?
Let’s do an experiment.
Materials required: A square cardboard box, ball / lemon, torch / mirror and thread. 

Procedure: Take a square cardboard box. Make three holes each having 
3 cm size at the centre of all the four sides of the box. Hang a ball or lemon of about 3 cm size in the centre of the box, using a thread. Through any one of the holes in the box, light up the ball/lemon, using a torch/mirror. Observe through each hole how much of the ball the light falls on.

Draw your observations.

• Through which hole can you see the Moon completely? 
12th hole

• Through which hole can’t you see the Moon at all?
1st hole

♦ The Earth is a planet. The Moon is a satellite. What is the difference between them?
The Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun in definite paths. But the satellites revolve around the planets. The Moon is a satellite that revolves around the Earth.

♦ Full Moon day
The Full Moon is the day in which the entire illuminated part of the Moon is visible from the Earth.

♦ Let’s examine the position of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon on a Full Moon day.
Observe the picture.
When the Earth is in between the Sun and the Moon, the illuminated part of the Moon is facing the Earth.

♦ New Moon Day
The day in which the Moon is not at all visible to us is called New Moon Day.

♦ Let’s examine the position of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon on a New Moon Day.
Observe the picture.
When the Moon is in between the Sun and the Earth, the non-illuminated part of the Moon facing the earth appears dark.

♦ Observe the pictures.
Collect more information based on these pictures and discuss it in class. 
• Picture 1: Neil Armstrong
• Picture 2: Surface of the Moon
• Picture 3: Neil Armstrong descends from the Lunar module (Apollo 11) onto the surface of the Moon.
• Picture 4: Chandrayaan 3

♦ Who were the first astronauts to land on the moon?
Neil Armstrong and Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin

♦ In which vehicle did man first land on the Moon?
Apollo 11

♦ Who was the pilot of the spacecraft Apollo 11?
Michael Collins

♦ When did the first human land on the moon?
July 21, 1969

♦ Which space agency brought the first human to the Moon?
NASA

♦ India’s Lunar Missions
Our nation conducts lunar exploration missions in the name ‘Chandrayaan’.

● Chandrayaan 1
• Chandrayaan 1 is the first lunar exploration mission of our nation. 
• It was launched on October 22, 2008 from Sriharikota. 
• It entered the moon’s orbit at an altitude of 100 kilometres and conducted studies of the lunar surface.
 
● Chandrayaan 2 
• Chandrayaan 2 is India’s second lunar exploration mission launched on July 22, 2019. 
• Its goal was to study the features of rocks and soil on the lunar surface.
 
● Chandrayaan 3
• Chandrayaan 3 is the first mission to land on the south pole of the Moon. 
• It was launched on July 14, 2023. 
• It landed on the lunar surface on August 23, 2023. 
• The rover separated from it, roamed on the lunar surface and conducted
experiments. 
♦ Which is the only celestial body where humans have ever set foot?
Moon 

♦ What is the scientific study of the Moon called?
Selenology

♦ What do we call the study of the Moon’s surface and physical features?
Selenography 

♦ Why did we choose July 21 to celebrate Moon Day?
Humans first landed on the Moon on July 21, 1969.

♦ What was the first mission to land humans on the Moon?
Apollo 11

♦ What is the name of India's lunar exploration mission?
Chandrayaan

♦ What is the name of the Chandrayaan-3 lander?
Vikram Lander 

♦ What are the dark spots seen on the surface of the Moon? 
They are the craters and hills on the Moon’s surface

♦ Write down the names of English months using the calendar in your classroom.
• January
• February
• March
• April
• May
• June
• July
• Agust
• September
• October
• November
• December

♦ Months and rain
Chinni chinni Chingamazha
Minni minungi Kannimazha
Thookkam nokki Thulamazha
Vrischikamaayaal kulirumazha 

Dhanu-Makarathil manjumazha
Kumbham Meenam aavimazha
Medam nedi puthiyamazha
Puthuvarshathil harshamazha

Idipodi idipodi Edavamazha
Dhimi dhimi thadhimi Midhunamazha
Thakkida tharikida Karkidakam
Thirimuriyaathoru vikruthymazha

♦ Which are the months mentioned in this Rain song?
• Chingam 
• Kanni 
• Thulam
• Vrischikam
• Dhanu
• Makaram
• Kumbham 
• Meenam
• Medam
• Edavam
• Midhunam
• Karkidakam

♦ In which month of the Kollavarsha calendar does today occur?

♦ Listen to the conversation between Juby and Soorya. 
Let's examine the numbers in a column of the calendar for the month of November 2025, to clarify the doubts of Juby and Soorya. 
♦ Which is the date in the column given above? Which are the other numbers in the column? What do they represent?
• 24 - English calendar (Gregorian) - 2025 November
• 8 - Kollavarsham - 1201 Vrischikam
• 3 - Shaka year - 1947 Agrahayana (Margashirsham)
• 2 - Hijara year - 1447 Jamad-Ul-Akhir 
The other numbers given in a smaller font size in the column of the English calendar represent the day in Kollavarsham, Shaka year and Hijara year.

♦ Observe today’s date in the calendar and complete the following table.
Mark true/false using ( ✔/ x ) symbols.
1. Each calendar has months with different names. ✔
2. The number of months in the Kollavarsha calendar and Gregorian calendar are different. x 
3. Shaka year is another name for Kollavarsham. x 
4. English calendar is also known as Gregorian calendar. ✔
5. Malayalam months come under Kollavarsham. ✔
♦ Using calendar of the current year, find out the number of days in the months of English calendar and Kollavarsha calendar (Textbook Page: 118).
• In which month does the Malayalam year (Kollavarsham) begin?
Chingam

• Which month in the English year has the least number of days?
February

• Which months have equal number of days in Gregorian year and Kollavarsham?
• January - 31, Chingam - 31
• June - 30, Makaram -30
• October - 31, Edavam - 31
• December - 31, Karkidakam - 31

• The Malayalam calendar is also called -----------
Kollavarsha calender

• What does the bigger font size number in a column of the calendar represent?
It indicates the date according to the English calendar

Let’s Assess

1. Logically connect the terms given in the following table.
2. Complete the puzzle and prepare your own puzzles from the unit.
• Down
1. The day in which we can’t see the Moon at all
2. The planet which is closest to the Earth
3. The movement of celestial bodies in its own axis
4. The celestial bodies that revolve around the Sun in a definite path
6.  The planet in which  we live
7.  The Malayalam month in which we celebrate Vishu
8.  A month in Kollavarsham (5 letters)
9.  The month in which the schools reopen in Kerala
10.  The first month in the Gregorian calender
• To the right 
5. The day in which we can see the entire illuminated part of the Moon
11.  A planet
12. The movement of celestial bodies around the Sun
13. The satellite of the Earth
14. The celestial body that moves around a planet
15. The planet with rings
3. Using the calendar identify in any one of the months, in which the days marked as Full Moon and New Moon. 


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