Class 10 Social Science II: Chapter 04 Land Scape Analysis through Maps - Questions and Answers
Social Science II Questions and Answers
Chapter 04 Land Scape Analysis through Maps
1. What are the Topographical maps?
-Topographical maps depict in minute detail all the natural and man-made features on the earth's surface.
-These maps contain important surface features such as the undulations of the terrain, rivers, other water bodies, forests, agricultural land, barren land, villages, towns, and transport and telecommunication systems.
-These maps show both natural and man-made features in details.
-Topographic maps are large-scale maps.
-Large-scale maps are maps depicting detailed information on relatively small areas.
-Topographical maps depict in minute detail all the natural and man-made features on the earth's surface.
-These maps contain important surface features such as the undulations of the terrain, rivers, other water bodies, forests, agricultural land, barren land, villages, towns, and transport and telecommunication systems.
-These maps show both natural and man-made features in details.
-Topographic maps are large-scale maps.
-Large-scale maps are maps depicting detailed information on relatively small areas.
2. Who is responsible for making the Topographic map in India? Why?
- Survey of India
- Certain restrictions have been imposed on the use of topographic maps of strategic regions owing to national security concerns.
3. Toposheets
The English term ‘topography’ is derived from the Greek terms ‘topo’ and ‘graphie’ which mean ‘place’ and ‘to write or draw’ respectively. Topographic maps are also known as toposheets.
4. Uses of topographical maps?
5. What are the essential elements for a topographic map reading?
10. Symbols used to represent the height of various topographic features on terrestrial maps.
- Analysis of the physical and the cultural features of the earth surface.
- For military operations and the preparation of military maps.
- Identification and studying of the natural and the cultural resources of a region as part of economic planning.
- For urban planning.
-To understand land use.
-To understand the topography.
-For resource conservation and allocation.
-For the computerized form of maps - GIS
- Knowledge of the numbering scheme,
- Locational aspects,
-The conventional signs and symbols,
-The elevation and slope of the terrain,
-The methods of their representation are very essential
6. Survey of India
The official agency responsible for the preparation of topographic maps in our
country is the Survey of India with its headquarters at Dehradun. In India, the topographic maps are prepared in scales 1: 1000000, 1: 250000,
1: 50000 and 1: 25000 for various purposes. Survey of India made topographical maps for all the places in India. The topographic maps prepared
in India are generally known as the 'Survey of India Maps' (SOI maps). for comprehending topographic maps.
7. Layout and numbering of toposheets
-Toposheets for the whole world has been prepared in several sheets of the same size and shape.
-The whole world is picturised in 2222 sheets as follows.
-There are 1800 sheets for regions between 60° North and south latitudes.
- 420 sheets for regions between 60° and 88° latitudes in both hemispheres and 2 sheets for both the poles.
* The top sheet number is marked on the top right of each top sheet.
* Million sheets
- Each of the maps in toposheets is on a 1:1000000 scale.
-These are known as million sheets.
-A million sheets covering 4° latitudinal and 4° longitudinal extent are given numbers from 1 to 105.
-These numbers are known as index numbers (55).
* Degree sheets
Every million sheets are divided into 16 parts in the order A, B, C, D, .......... up to P.
- For example, a million sheets numbered 55 is divided into 16 parts as 55A, 55B, 55C, ..... etc.
- Each of these sheets with 1° latitudinal and longitudinal extent is prepared in 1:250000 scale.
-These sheets are prepared in 1:250000 scale.
* Minutes sheets
- Degree sheets are divided into 16 parts and each has 15 minutes longitude and longitude.
-These are Minute's sheets.
- Minutes sheets are numbered as 1, 2, 3, .... 16 (55D/1, 55D/2,.......55D/16).
-These sheets are prepared in 1: 50000 scale.
8. Conventional signs and symbols in Toposheet
-various features on the Earth's surface are represented in topographic maps using different colours and symbols.
-The colours and symbols used in the toposheets are internationally accepted.
-So the maps prepared in one country can be easily understood and analysed by the people of another.
9. Find out the conventional colours used to represent different geographic features
- Elevation or height is represented in toposheets using contour lines, form lines, spot height, triangulated height, and benchmarks.
Contour lines
Contour lines are imaginary lines joining places having the same elevation above sea level.
Form lines
When it is difficult to measure the elevation of places through land surveys due to rugged terrain, the elevation is represented with the help of broken lines. These are form lines.
Spot height
Spot height represents the actual height of a place by recording the height in digits beside a black dot. Sometimes the height alone is recorded without the black dot.
Triangulated height
The height of places estimated through trigonometric surveys is recorded in maps using the'∆'symbol.
Benchmark
The height of reservoirs and prominent buildings are recorded along with the letters BM.
11. Grid reference
(a) Well – 8435
Ans.
(a) In which direction of the fort does the railway line pass through?
A. contour lines B. Form lines
- Four-figure reference – 8537
Well- 8335, Tube well- 8334
-In Toposheets include red lines in the north-south and east-west directions.
-The north-south lines are called eastings.
-And east-west lines are called northings.
-The grids formed jointly by the eastings and the northings are called reference grids.
- Grid reference is the determination of the position of the terrestrial objects using this grid.
- In 1:50000 toposheets each grid with 2 cm width & 2 cm breadth covers an area with 1-kilometre length & 1-kilometre breadth on the earth's surface.
- Eastings and Northings lines are used to solve the difficulty of accurately determining the location of small geographical features on toposheets.
 |
* Look at the model grid given below. Don't you see the symbols of some geographic features in the grid? It is their location we need to find.
* 4 - figure grid reference
- In the 4 - figure grid reference method, the value of the easting to the immediate left of the feature is to be written first.
- Then the value of the northing just south of the features is to be written.
- This positioning method is known as a four-figure grid reference.
* 6-figure grid reference
- Relatively smaller geographic features are generally located through the 6-figure grid reference method.
-While determining the location of the geographical features the value of the easting to the left of it is to be written first.
-Then divide the area up to the next easting into 10 equal parts.
-Then find the exact division on which the geographical feature is located and write it next to the value of easting already found.
-Now write the value of the northing just below the feature along with the easting's value.
-Divide the area up to the next northing as being divided into 10 equal parts.
-Then find the exact division on which the feature is located and write it with the values already written.
-What is obtained is the exact 6 figure grid reference of the geographical feature.
12. What is the size of the grids in the topographical maps? What is the actual area represented by each grid?
- 2cm length, 2cm width
1 km length x 1 km Width=1km²
13. What does the topographic number indicate?
- The area it represents
14. How can we read the six-digit grid reference 155766 '.
- (155766 - fifteen five seventy-six six)
15. What are the basic concepts that are essential for reading topographical maps?
- A thorough knowledge of the numbering scheme, locational aspects, the conventional signs and symbols, the elevation and slope of the terrain, and the methods of their representation are very essential for comprehending topographic maps
16. Mention any four marginal information in the topographic maps.
- The toposheet number, name of the area, latitudes and longitudes, values of northings and eastings, the scale of the map, contour interval, year of survey and publication and the agency in charge of the survey are the marginal information in the topographic maps.
17. What is the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the degree sheets?
- 1-degree latitude-longitude extent
18. Some geographical features and their four-grid references are given. Draw model grids and locate them suitably
(b) Tube well – 8237
19. Identify the map symbols and match the columns
Ans: a- 2 , b-1 , c – 4 , d – 3
20. Contour Lines
- Contours are imaginary lines drawn on maps connecting those places having
equal elevation from the sea level. A contour line joins points of equal elevation above a given level such as mean sea level.
21. Contour values.
The respective altitude will be marked with each contour line. These are called contour values. With the help of contour values, we can find out the altitude of the places shown in maps.
22. Contour interval
The value difference between contours will always be equal. This difference between the value of two adjacent contours is called the contour interval.
eg. The contour interval of toposheets in the 1:50000 scale is generally
20 metres. By analysing the values of the contours, the altitude of places represented in the maps can be found out. To understand the relief of elevated landforms, contours with 100-metre interval are used.
23. The following three things can be assessed from the contour lines in topographic maps.
• Altitude of the place
• Nature of the slope
• Shape of the landform
24. Mention any two situations where intervisibility assessment in toposheets can be applied.
- Intervisibility assessment is being applied for erecting electric posts, mobile towers and wireless transmission towers.
25 The following information are found on a topographic map. Classify them as marginal information, physical features, and cultural features
Rivers, Springs, Latitude, Longitude, Lakes, Places of worship, agricultural lands, bridges, Contour interval
Marginal information | Physical features | Cultural features |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Marginal information | Physical features | Cultural features |
Latitude | നദികള് | Places of worship |
Longitude | Rivers | bridges |
Contour interval | Springs | Agricultural lands |
26. What is the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of million sheets of topographic maps?
- 40⁰ latitude and 40⁰ longitude
- 40⁰ latitude and 40⁰ longitude
27. How many million sheets are prepared for depicting the whole world?
- 2222 Sheets
- 2222 Sheets
28. Write any two uses of topographic maps.
• Analysis of the physical and the cultural features of the earth surface.
• For military operations and the preparation of military maps.
• Identification and studying of the natural and the cultural resources of a region as part of economic planning.
• For urban planning.
(Any two)
29. Mention any two geographical features represented in topographical maps with brown colour?
- Contour lines
- Sand dunes
- Sandhills
- Form lines
(Any two)
30. Which is the official agency preparing topographic maps in India?
- The Survey of India
31. Identify the figures that represent the Eastings in the given grid reference.
826347
- 826
32. What are reference grids?
- A joint network of Eastings and Northings.
33. Analyse the given model grid and answer the following questions.
(b) What are the geographical features north of the railway line?
(c) Find the four-figure grid reference of the lighthouse.
Ans.
(a) West
(b) Tube well, well and fort
(c) 7540
34. Mention any two features of Eastings and Northings in the topographical maps.
Eastings
• These are north-south lines
• Their value increases towards the East
Northings
• These are lines drawn in the east-west direction.
• Their value increases towards the north.
35. Write any two features that can be found in Contour lines.
• Altitude of the place
• Nature of the slope
• Shape of the landform
(Any two)36. If the majority of places in a topographic map is represented in white colour, what kind of a place is this?
- Barren land
37. What is represented by the following symbols in topographic maps.
A. contour lines B. Form lines
38. 35 F / 3 is the number of a topographic map. What denotes 35, F and 3 represent?
35 - Million Sheet number
F - degree sheet number
3 - actual toposheet number
39. Locate the lighthouse using the four-figure grid reference method.
40. Find the location of the wells and tube wells in the model grid using the four-figure grid reference.
41. Mention the colours used to represent the following geographical features in topographic maps?
(a) Metalled Road (c) Permanent settlement
(b) Barren land (d) Tube well
Ans.
(a) red (c) red
(b) white (d) blue
42. Degree sheets are divided into 16 parts. How much is the latitudinal extent of each part?
- 15 minute
43. Classify the following geographical features on the basis of colour.
(Forests, Non-perennial water bodies, trees, boundary lines, grasslands, and railway lines)
Green colour- Black colour
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