SCERT KERALA TEXTBOOKS SOLUTIONS & NOTES: Class 10 Social Science I (English Medium) Chapter 05 Culture and Nationalism
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Chapter 05 Culture and Nationalism
* Nationalism
Nationalism is the sense of unity that exists among the people of a nation
irrespective of caste, creed, region and religion.
irrespective of caste, creed, region and religion.
* Two types of Protests
Against Indian: against Inequality, Violation of Rights, Social Evils.
Against British: Economic Exploitation
* Policies adopted by Britain to establish its domination in India. Learned Indian Society
Translated Sanskrit Works
Established Institutions
-To Study about India
-To Interfere with Indian Education
-To Train their Officers
a. British exploitation
b. Consequences of British domination.
c. The spread of English Education
d. Socio-religious reform movements
e. Influence of democratic ideas
f. press, literature, art etc.
* Educational institution established by the Britishers in India Institution Founder
Asiatic Society of Bengal William Jones
Calcutta Madrasah Warren Hastings
Banaras Sanskrit College Jonathan Duncan
* Did the British rule lead to the growth of Indian nationalism? Evaluate?
a. The British administrative policies created discontent among the
Indians.
b. The educated Indians spread concepts like democracy, liberty,
nationalism, equality, civil rights, socialism etc.
c. The educated Indians tried to reform Indian Society, language, art and
literature.
d. The British developmental activities created a favourable condition for the
rise and growth of national consciousness.
* Which were the two types of protests emerged In India, during the 19th
century in the cultural field.
a. Protest against inequality and social evils among Indian society.
b. protest against the colonial exploitation
* The establishment of Asiatic Society of Bengal and the introduction of English education are the examples for two kinds of policies adopted by Britain to establish their dominates in India. What are these Policies?
- An in-depth understanding of the socio-cultural life of the Indians.
- To get the support of Indian Society through English education.
* How did the interference of the British in the field of education create a sense of unity among the Indians.
Or
Analyze the role of education in the emergence of Indian nationalism.
- Education helped to oppose British Colonial domination and the
inequalities existed in the Indian society.
- National Educational Institutions fostered national consciousness.
- Provided secular education.
- Jointly worked together against the inequalities of Indian society.
- Western education was helpful for the growth of Indian nationalism.
- Education help to maintain unity
* Compare the policies of British education and national education during
the national movement. National Education
- Opposed inequalities of Indian society
- jointly protested British colonial rule
- created a national outlook.
- Secularism
- Women empowerment
- Internationalism
British Education
- Tried to create a generation interested in English lifestyle.
- Tried to get the support of a fraction of Indian society.
- impose interest in British culture.
- to make people work under the British
* National Education Institutions Founders Place.
1. Deccan Education society - G.G. Agarkar, Tilak, Ranade - Pune
2. First Indian Woman University - D.K Karve- Maharastra
3. Jamia Millia Islamia-M Ali, S Ali, Dr Zakkir Hussain.M A Ansari
4. Vishwa Bharati - Tagore – Bengal-Focused on universal brotherhood
5. Kerala Kalamandalam - Vallathol - Thrissur
6. Gandhiji - Wardha scheme - Vocational Education
7. Gandhiji - Nai Talim or New education - The education should be in mother tongue for all children between 8 to 14 years.
* Ideas of National Institutions Education
- Secularism - Jamia Millia Islamia
- Nationalism - The Deecan educational Society
- Women Empowerment - Woman University
- Internationalism and universal brotherhood - Vishwa Bharati University
- Revival of Traditional arts - Kerala Kalamandalam.
- Protest against foreign rule and caste system - National educational
institutions.
- Macaulay - Introduced English education in India in 1835.
* How did the ideologies put forward by Indian reform movements create
nationalism among Indians? Discuss with the hints.
- To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society
- To ensure equal rights
- opposition to the caste system.
- Defending the instruction of foreign ideas and culture.
- Educational development
- Against social evils
- provides education to all
- eliminating discrimination against women.
- Abolish child marriage.
- Promote widow remarriage
* Social reformers tried to develop national consciousness and
unity among the Indians Irrespective of caste and religion.
I. Raja Ram Mohan Roy - Brahma Samaj - He was the pioneer
among the social reformers. He strived for the
- Modernization of Indian Society
- Opposed cast system
- Opposed 'Sati'
- Established Brahmasamaj
- Promoted Patriotism
- Women education
II. Swami Dayanand Saraswati - Aryasamaj
- Against idol worship
- Against untouchability.
- For women education.
III. Swami Vivekananda - Ramakrishna mission
- Opposed the caste system and evils
- Propagated the concept of liberty equality and freedom of thought.
IV. Sir Sayyed Ahamadkhan - Aligarh movement.
- Advocated for the social and educational uplift of Indian Muslims.
V. Atmaram Pandurang - Prathana Samaj
- Campaigned for inter-caste marriage, widow remarriage and the upliftment of women and backward classes.
VI. Anie Besant - Theosophical Society
- The revival of Hindu religion.
VII. Viresalingam - Hitakarani Samaj
- Campaigned for widow remarriage and women education.
VIII. Jyothiba Phule - Satya Sodhak Samaj
- Opposed Social evils and domination of Priests.
IX. E.V Ramaswami Naykar - Self-respect Movement.
- Opposed Brahmanical Supremacy and the caste system.
X. Sreenarayana Guru - SNDP
- Opposed the caste system and evil practices.
- Advocated for social and economic progress of the Backward classes.
XI. Pandit Remabhai - Sarada Sadan in Bombay for women Education.
* List out the Social evils in India banned by the British through laws.
1. Abolished sathi
2. Abolished Slavery.
3. Banned female infanticide.
4. Prevented child marriage and polygamy.
5. Permitted widow remarriage.
- Evaluate the role of newspapers in the emergence of nationalism in India?
1. Created public awareness of various social issues.
2. Created public awareness of economic exploitation by the British
3. Raises the voice against violation of human rights.
4. Popularized the reformative movements against social evils and superstitions.
5. Reported the problems of Indians in Various regions.
6. Motivated the people to protest against British rule.
News Papers
Samhad Kaumudi (Bengali) and Mirat - ul Akbar - Rammohan Roy
Kesari and Maratha - Tilak.
Bengali - S N Banerjee.
Young India and Harijan - Gandhiji
Hindu and swadeshi mitram - G. Subramanniyan Iyyer.
Voice of India - Dadabhai Navarogi
Al - Hilal - Moulana Abdhulkalam Asad.
Vandemataram - Lajpat Roy
Nation – Gopala Krishna Gokale.
Shome Prakash - Iswara Chandra Vidya Sagar
Amirit Bazar Patrika - Sisira kumar Gosh and Motilal Gosh.
Bombay Samachar - Fardourji Marsban .
New India, common wheel-Annie Besant
* Find out the names of Malayalam Newspapers published during the time of
independence movement and list them.
- Swadeshimani - Ramakrishnapillai
- Abhinav Karalam - Vagbhadanandhan
- Malayala Rajyam - K.G Shanker.
- Lokamanyan - Kuroor Neelakantan Namhoothiripad
- Kerala Patrika - Chengalath Kunjhirama Menon.
- Swaraj - A.K Pillai
- Kesari - A Balakrishna Pilla
- Express - K Krishnan.
- Al Ameen - Abdhulrahiman.
*How did the literature in various languages motivate Indian nationalism?
- Writers in various parts of India illustrated the miseries faced by the people.
- Writers shared their resentments with the people through poetry, tales, novel, drama.
- It helped the sense of patriotism.
Examples.
- Benkim Chardra Chattergy - Novel - Anandamat (The song bandemataram is taken from this novel.)
- Dinabandhumitra - Nil Darpan
- Muhammad Iqhal - "SareJahanSe Accha".
- Song - Varika Varika Sahachare - Amshi Narayan Pilla
- Gitangali - Tagore.
These works motivated Nationalism.
* Painters played a vital role in the emergence of India Nationalism Discuss?
- Patriotic songs, Symbols and pictures were used throughout our freedom
struggle.
- Promoted Indian Culture and Unity.
- They played a crucial role in developing nationalist spirit among the
Indians
Examples.
a. Bharatmata & Indian Society of Oriental arts. - Abanindranath Tagore
b. Sati, Village drummer - Nandalal Bose
c. Village Life - Amrita Sher Gil.
d. Tricolour Flag - Madam Bhikaji Cama.
* TimeLine
1835 - Maccaley - English Education in India
1856 - Hindu Widow remarriage Act.
1878 - Vernacular Press Act.
1884 - Deccan education society.
1885 - Indian National Congress
1905 - Partition of Bengal.
1937 - Wardha education plan.
1938 - Haripura Session of INC.
* Match Colum A with Colum B
Asiatic Society of Bengal - William Jone
Calcutta Madrasa - Waren Hasting
Banaras Sanskrit college - Jonatha Duncan
Vernacular Press Act - Lord Lytton.
* Objectives of English education in India
• To Ensure Commercial Growth
• Intervention in Indian Society
• To get Popular Support
• Introduced in 1835
* Impact of English Education in India
• Sense of Unity
• Resistance of Cultural Invasion
• Against Inequality & Violation of Rights
• Tried to Reform the Society, Language, Art, Literature
• Adopted Concepts like Democracy, Liberty, Rationalism, Equality...
• Attempted to Reform the Social, Customs and Rituals
* What Led the Emergence of Social Reform Movements in India?
• Liberal Outlook
• Modernization
• Rationalism
* Objectives of Social Reform Movements
• Equal Civil Rights to Education, Travel, Dress Code.
• Eradicate Evils &Superstitions
* Proposals for Fundamental Changes in Indian Society
➢ Eradicate Cast System
➢ Protect the Rights of All
➢ Eliminate Discrimination on Women
➢ Provide Education to All
➢ Promote Widow Remarriage
➢ Abolish Child Marriage
➢ Eliminate Supremacy of the Clergy
* Raja Rammohun Roy
- Brahma Samaj
- Worked for the Modernisation of India
- Opposed Caste System, Sati & Social Evils
- Unified Indian Society
- Idea of Patriotism
- Women to Own Property
* Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
• Argued for Widow Remarriage
• Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856) by British
• Educational Institutions for Women
* Pandita Ramabai
Educational Institution for Women -- Sarada Sadan
(social Reformation Leaders Pg.No.91)
* The Legislations against Social Evils by the British Government as a Result
of the Social Reform Activities in India.
• Abolished Sati
• Abolished Slavery
• Banned Female Infanticide
• Permitted Widow Remarriage
* Ideologies put forward by Indian Reform Movements Created Nationalism
among Indians
• Opposition to the caste system
• Advocating for equal rights
• Protest against social evils
• Educational development
* Functions of Press During Freedom
• To create Public Awareness of Social Issues
• To Motivate People to Participate in the National Movement
• To Treat the Problem anywhere in the country as a National Problem
* Indian Leaders depended on News Papers
• To Propagate the Nationalistic Ideas
• Considered Journalism as a Service
• Criticized British Policies
• Motivated National Movement
* Raja Rammohun Roy
• 1 st to Start Newspaper
• Sambath Kaumudi (Bengali), Mirat-ul-Akbar(Persian)
• Ideology-social reformation, democracy and nationalism
* Vernacular Press Act
• By Lord Lytton in 1878
• It Limited Freedom of Press in Regional Language
• People Violated this Act as a part of Freedom Struggle
• British Withdrew this Act after a Massive Protest
* Role of Education
• To Bring Changes in the Society
• To Maintain Unity
• To Fight against British
* Education have two types of Interests in the 19th Century
• Indian education-To Free the Country from Political, Economical & Cultural Domination of British.
• British education- To Gain Political, Economical & Cultural Hegemony over India.
* How Indian Leaders Used Education as a Tool for Unity
• By National Educational Institutions
• By Secular Education to All
• For Socio-Economic-Cultural Progress
• To Promote Nationalism
• To Oppose Social Evils
• To Oppose Western Education
* National Educational Institutions
1). The Deccan Educational Society – 1884
nationalistic perspective.
G.G.Agarkar, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and MahadevGovinda Ranade.
2).1 st Indian Women University in Maharashtra (1916)
Great Role in Women Empowerment
D.K. Karve
3).Visva Bharati – Tagore
• Universal Brotherhood
• To bridge Western & Eastern Cultures
4).Jamia Millia Islamia in Aligarh.
Secular Education.
Maulana Mohamed Ali, Shoukath Ali, Dr Zakir Husain and M.A. Ansari
founded.
5).Kerala Kalamandalam – Cheruthuruthy
• To Defend the Cultural Invasion
• To Promote Traditional Art
• founded by Mahakavi Vallathol Narayana Menon
6). Wardha Education Plan-Gandhiji-1937
• Vocational Education was the Aim
• Help to build up a Good Future
• To Defend the British
* Following are some ideas envisioned in National Education.
List the Institutions that worked for these ideas
* Role of Literature
ഈ ബ്ലോഗിലെ എല്ലാ പോസ്റ്റുകളും ഒരുമിച്ച് കാണാനും ആവശ്യമുള്ളവ എളുപ്പത്തിൽ തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കാനും ഇവിടെ ക്ലിക്കുക.
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Literary Works were Against
• British Rule
• Social Evils in our Society
• The Agonies & Atrocities of People
* Result of Literary Works
• Treated Sorrows of others as theirs
• Came forward Collectively to Fight
• Sense of Patriotism
• Dissent Towards Foreign Rule
Questions:
1. Painters played a vital role in the emergence of Indian Nationalism. Explain
2. How did Literature in Various Languages motivate Indian Nationalism?
3. How did the Advancement of Education help nurture Indian Nationalism?
4. What was the role of Press in fostering National Unity, Social Reformation in
India?
5. How did the ideologies put forward by the Indian Social Reform Movements
create National Feeling among Indians?
6. How can you say that the British rule led to the growth of Nationalism in India?
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