STD 10 Geography: Chapter 06 Eyes in the Sky and Analysis of Information - Questions and Answers
Social Science II Chapter 06: Eyes in the Sky and Analysis of Information - Questions and Answers
1. What is called Remote Sensing:
- It is the method of collecting information about an object, place or phenomenon with the aid of Satellites without actual physical contact.
- It is the method of collecting information about an object, place or phenomenon with the aid of Satellites without actual physical contact.
2. What are Sensors? Give examples?
- The instrument used for data collection through remote sensing.
The sensors record the electromagnetic radiation reflected by objects.
Eg: Cameras and Scanners.
3. Explain Classification of Remote Sensing Based on Source of energy.
a) Passive Remote Sensing.
Remote Sensing is carried out with the help of solar energy is known as passive remote sensing. Here the sensors do not emit energy by itself.
b) Active Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing made with the aid of an artificial source of energy radiating from the sensor is known as active remote sensing.
4. What is called Platform? Give examples?
The surface on which the Camera or Scanner for data collection is placed is known as Platform. Examples are balloons, aircraft and satellite.
5. Classify Remote Sensing based on Platform?
a) Terrestrial Photography
- The method of obtaining the earth’s topography using
cameras from the ground are known as terrestrial photography.
b) Aerial Remote Sensing
- The method of obtaining photographs of the earth’s surface continuously from the sky by using cameras mounted on aircraft is known as aerial remote sensing.
c) Satellite Remote Sensing
- The process of gathering information using the sensors installed in artificial satellites are known as satellite remote sensing.
6. Don’t we take photographs of the landscape during a picnic? What type of remote sensing is this?
- Yes, Terrestrial Photography
6. What Instrument Can be used for data collection of a relatively small area?
- Aerial Remote Sensing
7. Point out the merits of aerial Remote Sensing (Aerial photography)?
- Give clear information about comparatively smaller areas.
- Information of any region can be gathered in accordance with our requirements.
- This method is that contiguous pictures of the areas along the path of the air crafts are made available.
8. What is meant by the overlap in aerial photographs. What are its uses?
- During the aerial photography, in each aerial photograph, nearly 60% of the places depicted in the adjacent photo is included. This is done for ensuring continuity and to obtain three-dimensional vision with the help of Stereoscope.
9. What is stereo pair?
- Two adjacent aerial photographs are known as a stereo pair.
- Stereoscope is the instrument that provides three-dimensional views from aerial photographs.
9. What is stereoscope?
- Stereoscope is the instrument that provides three-dimensional views from aerial photographs.
10. How are overlap, stereo pair and stereoscope related to remote sensing?
- See Question 8, 9, 9
11. What is Stereoscopic vision?
- When viewed through a stereoscope, we get a three-dimensional view of the area depicted in the stereo pair. Such a three-dimensional view obtained is called Stereoscopic vision.
12. How would you explain why the same regions are repeated 60 per cent in two adjacent aerial images?
- In each aerial photograph, nearly 60% of the places depicted in the adjacent photo is included. This is done for ensuring continuity and to obtain three-dimensional vision with the help of stereoscope.
13. Aerial photographs were used widely since the second world war. Why?
- As the aerial photographs are highly useful for viewing a region as a whole and for distinguishing the heights and depressions of the earth's surface aerial photographs were used widely since the second world war.
14. Which agencies are responsible for conducting an aerial survey in India?
- The responsibility of aerial survey in India has been vested with the Indian Air Force, Indian Aerospace Company based in Kolkata and the National Remote Sensing Centre.
15. What are the limitations of aerial remote sensing?
- The shaking of air crafts affects the quality of the photos.
- The aircraft require open space for takeoff and landing.
- It is not practical to take photographs of regions that are vast and extensive.
- Landing the air crafts frequently for refuelling increases the cost.
16. What is satellite remote sensing? How are artificial satellites used for remote sensing classified?
- The method of obtaining photographs of the earth’s surface continuously from the sky by using cameras mounted on aircraft is known as aerial remote sensing.
- Geostationary satellites
- Sun-synchronous satellites
17. What are the features of Geostationary Satellites?
- They orbit the earth at an elevation of about 36000 kilometres above the earth.
- One-third of the earth comes under its field of view.
- As the movement of these satellites corresponds to the speed of rotation of the earth, it stays constantly above a specific place on the earth.
- This helps in continuous data collection of an area.
- It is used in telecommunication and for weather studies.
- India’s INSAT satellites are examples of geostationary satellites.
18. What are the features of Sun-Synchronous Satellites?
- The orbit of these satellites is about 900 km in altitude.
- The surveillance area is less than that of the geostationary satellites.
- The repetitive collection of information of a region at a regular interval is possible.
- Used for the collection of data on natural resources, land use, groundwater etc.
- These satellites are mainly used for remote sensing purposes.
- Satellites in IRS, Landsat series are examples of sun-synchronous satellites.
19. Identify Spectral Signature?
- Each object reflects electromagnetic radiation differently. The amount of energy reflected by each object is its spectral signature
20. Identify satellite imageries?
- Scanners recognize the different objects on the basis of their spectral signatures and transmit the data to the ground control stations in digital form. These are analysed with the help of computers and transformed into images. These are known as the satellite imageries.
21. Identify Spatial Resolution?
- The sensors in the satellites cannot recognize all objects on earth. The size of the smallest object on earth that can be recognized by the sensor is the spatial resolution of that sensor
22. What are the uses of remote sensing technology?
- For the assessment of weather and its observations
- For ocean explorations
- To understand the land use of an area.
- For the monitoring of flood and drought
- For identifying forest fires in deep forests and to adopt controlling measures
- To collect data regarding the extent of crops and spread of pest attack
- For oil explorations
- To locate groundwater potential places.23. What are the characteristics of Sun-synchronous satellites orbiting the poles?
- See Question 18
24. What are the characteristics of Geostationary satellites that orbit the earth?
- See Question 17
25. Given are the characteristics of geostationary and Sun-synchronous satellites. Classify them accordingly.
i. Repetitive data collection is possible.
ii. This helps in continuous data collection of an area.
iii. These satellites are mainly used for remote sensing.
iv. It is used in telecommunication and for weather studies.
Answer:
1. Sun-synchronous satellites
ii. Geostationary satellites,
iii. Sun-synchronous satellites
iv. Geostationary satellites
26. Where in India was the Photo Interpretation Institute established in 1966 for the analysis and study of Indian aerial photography? By what name is it now known?
- Dehradun
- Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)
27. With the launch of which satellite was the launch of satellite remote sensing in India in 1970?
- Bhaskara-I, Bhaskara-II
28. Who is fully responsible for the collection, storage, processing and distribution of data provided by remote sensing satellites in India?
- National Remote Sensing Centre (Hyderabad)
29. Observe the images below and identify the remote sensing method used in capturing them.
A. Terrestrial photography
B. Aerial remote sensing
C. Satellite Remote Sensing
30. How did aerial remote sensing differ from terrestrial photography?
- Terrestrial photography is the process of taking images of terrestrial surfaces
- Balloons or aircraft is used as a platform in aerial remote sensing.
31. What is the use of Stereo Scope in the analysis of aerial images?
- Stereoscope is the instrument that provides three-dimensional views from stereo pairs.
- The stereo pair will give a synoptic view of the area and will help in understanding the undulations of the terrain.
32. What is Remote sensing? How do sensors capture images?
- Remote sensing is the method of collecting information about an object, place or phenomenon with the aid of satellites without actual physical contact
Instruments used for data collection through remote sensing are called sensors. Cameras and
- scanners are sensors. The sensors record the electromagnetic radiation reflected by objects.
33. What is called Geographic information system (GIS)?
- Geographic Information System is a computer-based information management system for the storage, retrieval and analysis of spatial data and their peculiarities and also for displaying them in the form of maps, tables and graphs.
34. What are the two kinds of data analysis with GIS?
- Spatial Data
- Attributes
35. What is meant by Spatial data?
- Each object on the earth's surface has its own latitudinal and longitudinal position.
36. What is meant by attributes?
- The additional information about the characteristics of each spatial data on the earth’s surface is called attributes.
37. Layers:
- The thematic maps prepared and stored in Geographic Information System for analytical purpose are called layers. The spatial relationship among the features on the surface of the earth can easily be understood by analyzing the appropriate layers.
38. What are the analytical possibilities of the geological system?
a. Overlay Analysis
b. Buffer Analysis
c. Network analysis
* Overlay Analysis
- Overlay analysis is used for understanding the mutual relationship among the various features on the earth’s surface and the periodic changes undergone by them. Overlay analysis is helpful in understanding the changes in the area of crops, the changes in land use etc.
* Buffer Analysis
Buffer analysis is an analytical capability used for analyzing the activities around a point feature or at a definite distance along with a linear feature. Buffer analysis can be used for road development and airport construction.
* Network analysis
Linear features on the map, such as roads, railways, and rivers, are subjected to network analysis.
39. What can be planned using road network analysis possibilities?
• Helps to find out the nearest and less congested roads
• Travel time and costs are reduced.
• Roads having less accident rate can be determined.
• The hospital to which an accident victim has to be taken depending on the situation
• To find the toll-free path
40. Which analytical technique in Geographic Information System can be used to understand the change in the crop in your area? What are the features of this analytical possibility?
- Overlay analysis is used to identify the interrelationship of various surface features on earth and the changes they have undergone over a period of time.
41. Network analysis, buffer analysis and overlay analysis are the important analytical capabilities of GIS. Examine the statement and answer the following questions.
A. Which analytical capabilities in the Geographic Information System would you use to find the easiest route from school to any tourist centre?
B. The land needs to be acquired for the airport development project. Which analytical capability would you apply?
C. Write down any two analytical capabilities in the GIS
Answer:
A. Network Analysis
B. Overlay analysis
C. See Question 38
42. If you intend to set up a horn-banning board within half a kilometre of your school. Which analytical possibility in GIS system can be used here?
- Buffer Analysis
43. Suggest the analytical capabilities can be used in the situations given below
a. To find homes within 3 km of a school.
b. To find the lowest travel distance.
Answer:
a. Buffer Analysis
b. Network Analysis
44. 'Layers are very important in Geographic Information System'. Explain
- Spatial information can be converted into different layers with the help of GIS software. If we convert the earth's surface features into layers we can easily prepare maps or tables of our preference from this.
45. What type of features in the map is used for network analysis? Write an example of this analytical possibility.
- Linear features
For example:
To find the cheapest route
To find the toll-free path
To find the busy path
46. What are the possibilities of overlay analysis?
Overlay analysis is used for understanding the mutual relationship among the various features on the earth’s surface and the periodic changes undergone by them. Overlay analysis is helpful in understanding the changes in the area of crops, the changes in land use etc.
47. What are the benefits of Geographic information system (GIS)?
• compile data from different sources
• update and incorporate data easily
• conduct thematic studies
• represent geographic features spatially
• generate visual models of future phenomena and processes based on the data collected
• prepare maps, tables, and graphs
48. What is the difference between Spatial Data and Attributes?
Spatial data - Latitudinal and longitudinal positions of objects should also be given while preparing maps. Such information is known as spatial data.
Attributes – Qualitative information pertaining to spatial data are known as attributes.
49. What is Satellite Based Navigation System?
- Nowadays satellite-based tracking systems are used for monitoring the location and movement of objects on the earth's surface. It is used in several sectors like map-making, transportation etc. The most important among this is the Global Positioning System of the United States of America.
50. 'The Global Positioning System' is one of the most commonly used technology now. Make a description of this system.
• Helps to sense the latitudinal and longitudinal location and elevation of objects on the earth's surface along with the corresponding time.
• In this system a series of 24 satellites placed at six different orbits between the altitudes 20000 and 20200 km above the earth's surface locate objects.
• We can locate places with the help of the signals received from the satellites in our handheld device.
• The GPS requires signals from at least four satellites to display information like the latitude, longitude, elevation, time, etc. in it.
51. Possibilities of GPS:
• Road Traffic - To find out the location and direction of the vehicle
• Air transport
• Ocean transport
• Security
52. Satellite navigation systems of different countries:
• USA - Global Positioning System (GPS)
• India - Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)
• Russia - GLONASS
• European Space Agency - Galileo
53. Identify the correct statements.
a. Remote sensing is the method of collecting information about an object, place or phenomenon with the aid of satellites without actual physical contact
b. Remote sensing done with the help of solar energy is known as passive remote sensing
c. Remote sensing done with the aid of artificial sources of energy is known as passive remote sensing
d. Instruments used for data collection through remote sensing are called sensors.
i. 'a', 'b' and 'c' are true
ii. 'a' and 'b' and 'd' are true
iii. 'a' and 'c' and 'd' are true
iv. 'a', 'b' and 'c' are true
Answer:
ii. 'a' and 'b' and 'd' are true
54. What types of artificial satellites are used for information on natural resources, land use and groundwater?
- Sun-synchronous satellites
55. Which type of artificial satellites is used for communication?
- Geostationary satellites
56. Find out the correct statement from those given below.
a. The satellites in the INSAT range launched by India are Sun-synchronous satellites
b. The IRS range of satellites launched by India are Sun-synchronous satellites
Answer:
b. The IRS range of satellites launched by India are Sun-synchronous satellites
57. Name the quantity of energy reflected by each object?
a. Satellite Imagery
b. Spatial Resolution
c. Spatial Data
d. Spectral Signature
Answer:
d. Spectral Signatures58. What is the name of the system that helps to sense the latitudinal and longitudinal location and elevation of objects on the earth's surface along with the corresponding time?
a. Geographic Information System
b. Remote Sensing
c. Global Positioning System (GPS)
Answer:
c. Global Positioning System (GPS)
59. Identify the correct statement
a. Remote sensing done with the help of solar energy is known as passive remote sensing.
b.Remote sensing done with the aid of artificial sources of energy is known as passive remote sensing.
Answer:
a. Remote sensing done with the help of solar energy is known as passive remote sensing.60. Why Remote sensing is done with the help of solar energy known as passive remote sensing?
- Here the sensor does not emit energy.
- Here the sensor does not emit energy.
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