STD 9 Social Science II: Chapter 08 Population, Migration, Settlements - Questions and Answers
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Population, Migration, Settlements - Questions and Answers
1. What is a population?
• The number of people dwelling at a place during a particular period of time is called population.
2. What is the significance of studying information regarding population?
• Significant in resource planning and resource utilisation of a country
• Significant inefficient planning of developmental activities by proper utilisation of available resources
3. List the areas that require analysis of population-related information.
• For planning the food grain production
• To generate employment opportunities
• To formulate welfare schemes
4. Look at the map (TextBookk Fig 8.1) and find out the answers to the following questions
•Which are the states having a high population?
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra
• Which are the states with very low population?
Sikkim, Manipur, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, Tripura, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal.
5. Population is largely concentrated in the northern plains of India. Why?
• Fertile soil, Availability of water, Plain topography for the construction of roads and railways
6. The population of the peninsular plateau is moderate. Give reasons
• The lack of conditions favouring agriculture as well as inaccessibility.
• Mining, mineral-based industries etc., make some regions of the peninsular plateau populous.
• The development of transport and communication has also accelerated this.
7. What is the pattern of population in the mountainous states? Why?
• The population in the mountain region is very low because of fewer facilities, no fertile soil, difficult topography, and less road connectivity.
8. what are the factors that influence the distribution of the population?
• Climate, Urbanization, Minerals, Soils, Availability of water, Physiography, Industrialisation
9. What is called the density of population? How will you calculate it?
• The average population of every square kilometre is called a density of
population.
• Calculated by dividing the total population by the total land area.
Density of population = Total population / Total land area
10. The density of the population of China is less than that of India, even though China is the most populous country. Why?
• Population of a country is calculated on the basis of the total population and a total land area
• In China both population and land area are high.
11. What may be the cause of the high density of the population in Delhi?
• As Delhi is a Union territory a large number of migration take place from other states.
• But the land area is low.
12. What is the density of population in Kerala as per Census 2011?
• 859
13. What is the rank of India with regard to population density is considered (as per Census 2011)?
• India stands third in population density after Bangladesh and Japan
14. What is the rank of Kerala among the states with regard to population density is considered (as per Census 2011)?
• Kerala stands third in population density after Bihar, West Bengal
15. What are the causes of the imbalance in population density?
• Level topography, moderate climate, fertile soil favouring agriculture are
the availability of fresh water, etc.
• Increasing employment opportunities in the mineral-rich and industrial regions and also the attractive infrastructure and services provided by urban areas
16. Define population growth?
• Population growth is the change in the population of any particular place over a particular period.
17. What is the difference between positive growth of population and negative growth of population?
• Situations where the population of a place increase is called positive growth of population.
• Situations where the population of a place declines is termed as negative growth of population.
18. What are the three causes for the change in population?
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Migration
19. What are the natural causes that influence population change? How it influences the population?
• Birth and death rates
• High birth rate and low death rate may cause an increase in population.
• An increase in the death rate also causes a fall in the population.
20. What is migration?
• Permanent or temporary shifting of residence of people from one place to another is called migration.
21. What is the difference between immigration and emigration?
• The inward movement of people to a country is called immigration and the outward migration of people from one country to another is called emigration.
22. Migrations may take place in four major ways. Which are they?
• Rural to rural migration
• Rural to urban migration
• Urban to urban migration
• Urban to rural migration
23. What are the different levels of migration?
* International migration
- Migration across international boundaries is called international migration. Keralites working abroad is the best example of international migrants.
* Immigration and Emigration
- The inward movement of people to a country is called immigration and the outward migration of people from one country to another is called emigration.
* Internal migration
- Migrations within the country are called internal migration. North Indian labourers in the construction sector of Kerala is an example of such migrations.
* Interstate migration.
- Migration from one state to another is termed interstate migration.
Eg. the Migration of IT experts from the cities of Kerala to Bengaluru.
* Intrastate migration
- The migration of people within the state due to various reasons is termed intrastate migration.
* Inter district migrations.
Migrations across the district boundaries can be called inter district migrations. Large scale migration of farmers to Malabar from Central
Travancore in the first half of the 20th century can be cited as an example of inter-district migration.
* Intradistrict migrations.
The migrations within a district caused by marriage, education, etc. can be called intradistrict migrations.
• Employment opportunities
• Higher education facilities
• Better living standards
• Good climate
• Better treatment
25. Find out the push factors causing migrations?
• Resource scarcity
• Political unrest
• Unemployment
• Natural calamities
• Internal conflicts
• War
26. What is the difference between voluntary migrations and forced migrations.
• The migrations caused by pull factors of certain regions are called voluntary migrations.
• The migrations provoked by push factors are called forced migrations.
27. List out the effects of migration. Classify them into positive and negative consequences.
Positive consequences
• Helps in the sharing of human resource
• Helps in the flow of foreign currency to the parent country
• Facilitates the exchange of technology
• Creates more employment opportunities
• Gets opportunities for higher education
Negative consequences
• Leads to overpopulation in certain regions
• Causes scarcity of resource
• Weakens social ties among people
• Causes the formation of slums
• Causes spread of communicable diseases
28. Define settlements.
• The clusters of permanent or temporary human habitats of different sizes are termed settlements.
29. List the major factors considered for the location of settlements.
• Favourable climate, Availability of water, Transportation facilities, Topography
30. Human settlements can be classified into two types based on population as well as their major economic activity. Which are they?
• Rural settlements
• Urban settlements
31. Write the features of Rural settlements?
• Places with comparatively low population
• The people largely depend on agriculture for their livelihood
• Houses are usually constructed using locally available raw materials.
32. Based on their distribution pattern, rural settlements are classified into two. Which are they? Write its characteristics
1) Nucleated settlements: In places with favourable conditions, houses are seen in close vicinity of each other. Such places of human habitation are called nucleated settlements
• Formed in the fertile river valley plains.
• Well -knit social relationships and identical nature of employment
2) Dispersed settlements: The settlements where houses are located farther apart as seen in are called dispersed settlement.
• Undulating topography and other unfavourable conditions result in the people living in isolation.
• In such settlements the people are brought together by places of worship, markets etc.
33. What do you meant by semi clustered settlements?
• There are some places where the settlements are neither fully nucleated nor dispersed. Such settlements are called semi clustered settlements.
34. In Kerala it is difficult to distinguish the rural settlements. Why?
• Due to the high population and lack of space
35. Based on the situations, rural settlements develop in different shapes. Explain
• Linear pattern: Settlement pattern that develops parallel to features such as roads, rivers, coastlines, etc.
• Circular pattern: Settlement pattern that develops around features such as water bodies, pastures, places of worship, etc.
• Star pattern: Settlement pattern that develops at places where different roads converge
36. What are urban settlements?
• The settlements that generally have a high population that is mostly dependent on non-agricultural sectors are called urban settlements.
37. What is termed urbanisation? Name the most urbanised state and the least urbanised state in India
• The transition of population from a rural agrarian economy to an urban industrial and service sector economy is termed urbanisation.
• Goa with a 62.17% urban population is the most urbanised state
• Himachal Pradesh with 10.04% is the least urbanised state.
38. In India, a settlement is designated as urban-based on some criteria. Which are they?
• Population above 5000.
• The density of population above 400 per square kilometre.
• 75% or more of the population should be engaged in non-agricultural activities.
39. The urban centres of India are classified into six types based on population. Make a table about it?
40. Based on the size of the population, urban centres are known by different names. Explain
* Town
- Small urban centres having a population of less than 1 lakh
* City
- Urban centres having a population between 1 lakh and 10 lakh
* Metropolis
- Big cities having a population of more than 10 lakh
* Megacity
- Urban complex formed by one of a number of cities and has a population of above 50 lakh.
41. Observe the map (TextBook Fig 8.8) and identify the metropolitan cities in India.
• Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Banglore, Hyderabad
42. Urban centres can also be classified based on their major functions. Which are they? Write examples
43. Urbanisation causes various problems. List them
• Slums
• Traffic problems
• Pollution
44. Write solutions for problems created due to urbanization.
• Town planning, rehabilitation, waste management, and awareness programmes.
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