STD 9 Social Science I: Chapter 06 India, the Land of Synthesis - Questions and Answers
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Social Science I: Class 9 - Chapter 6: India, the Land of Synthesis
India, the Land of Synthesis Textual Questions and Answers & Model Questions
1. Who was Jahanara?
• The daughter of the Mughal emperor, Shajahan
2. The information on medieval Indian culture could be obtained from different sources. Which were they?
• Autobiographies of the rulers, biographies, travelogues, chronicles and
historical work
3. Different religions came to India at different periods. This led to the
formation of new ideas in the medieval period. Name it.
• Bhakti and the Sufi movements
4. Who were Sufis?
• The Sufis were those who showed reluctance to luxurious life and gave
predominance to spiritual life.
5. Examine the role of Sufism in developing cultural synthesis among different sections of people during the medieval period.
• Consider devotion as a means to reach close to God.
• Reciting devotional songs is a way to get close to God
• Believed that one who really loves God will be close to God as well
as the people around him.
• They preached to respect all human beings
• Maintain relations among different religions
6. Explain the following words related to the Sufi Movement
a) Pir or Shaikh-The Sufi saint
b) Murid – Followers of the Sufi saint
c) Khanqahs- The residences of the Sufis
d) Qawwalis-The devotional songs reciting in the Sufi centres
7. Make a table about important Sufi saints of the period and the places
related to them.
8. What do you mean by the Bhakti cult?
• The ideas and activities that emerged in the medieval period on the
basis of devotion to God is generally known as the Bhakti cult
9. Write the features of early Bhakti traditions.
• Its propagators were the saints who were Bhakti poets.
• Challenged the conservative Brahmanic traditions.
• Provided representation to the lower castes and women.
• Rendered contributions in the field of culture and music.
10. The Bhakti movement was led by the Alwars and the Nayanars. What were the difference and similarities between them?
• The Alwars were Vaishnavites
• The Nayanars, Saivites.
• They composed and propagated devotional songs.
• Both the Alwars and the Nayanars opposed caste inequalities.
11. Name any two women saints of the Bhakti movement
• Andal (Vaishnavite)
• Karakkal(Saivite)
12. Name the author of Vachana Sahityam
• Basavanna
13. Name the movement that emerged in Karnataka in the 12th century
• The Virasaiva movement
14. Who were Lingayats?
• As the Virasaivas wore Siva linga in the neck, they are known as the
Lingayats
15. Who was the leader of the Virasaiva movement?
• Basavanna
16. Write the ideas of the Virasaiva movement.
• Opposed caste system
• Upheld the dignity of labour
• Propagated the ideas of liberty and social justice
• Questioned the doctrine of rebirth
• Promoted widow remarriage, inter dinings and adult marriage
• Give priority to gender equality
17. The Anubhava Mandapam was a democratic platform that came into being in connection with the Lingayats in the 12th century. Justify
• Conference held under the leadership of Basavanna
• People irrespective of caste, religion, gender, etc. were given entry and
were allowed to participate in the discussions
• Protests against social inequalities and also led to questioning caste
domination
18. Write the opinion of Basavanna about labour?
• Basavanna was the first to speak about the dignity of labour.
• Instructed every individual to accept a job and do it sincerely.
• We can understand God through the duties we perform.
• Every job of this world has its own greatness.
19. Write a short note about the Vachana Sahityam
• Challenged the primacy of the Vedas
• Encouraged social reforms.
• Helped in the progress of Kannada language
20. Name the persons who gave tremendous contributions to Vachana
Sahityam
• Basavanna, Allama Prabhu, Akka Mahadevi, etc.
21. Examine the role of the idea of Kabir in promoting religious harmony
among different sections of people.
• Important figure in the Bhakti Movement
• Reminds that the Hindu and the Muslim are two wares made out of the same soil and he tried to promote brotherhood between Hinduism and Islam.
• Propagate a religion of love uniting people of all castes and religions.
• Opposed all discriminations on the basis of caste, religion, class, family and wealth.
• Focused on the unity of humanity and vehemently opposed the caste system and untouchability.
• Rejected idol worship, pilgrimages and bathes in holy rivers.
• Not in favour of forsaking family life for accepting sainthood.
• Ideas of Kabir developed through discussions and deliberations on the basis of the Bhakti-Sufi traditions.
22. Prepare a note on the ideas of Guru Nanak.
• Focused on the idea of monotheism.
• Tried to combine the ideas of Hinduism and Islam.
• He was a spokesman of the ideals of religious tolerance and universal
brotherhood.
• Opposed the rituals of both Hinduism and Islam.
• One has to maintain purity in character and behaviour to reach God.
• Opposed idol worship and pilgrimages.
• Promoted a middle path that permitted spiritual life along with the
responsibilities of a householder.
• Opined that all human beings are equal and hence there is no need for caste distinction among them.
• The ideas of Nanak later led to the emergence of Sikhism.
23. Name the prayer songs of Guru Nanak
• 'Shabad'
24. Write the name of prominent women representation in the Bhakti Movement
• Poetess Mirabai of Rajastan
• Lalded of Kashmir
• Bhahinabai of Maharashtra,
• Akka Mahadevi of Karnataka
• Andal and Karakkal Ammayar of Tamil Nadu
25. Write the contributions of Mirabai in the Bhakti Movement
• She was a devotee of Krishna.
• Composed a number of bhajans.
• All these were prayer songs addressing Lord Krishna.
• The songs of Mirabai are recited by the people of Gujarat and Rajasthan
even today.
• Mirabai did not have a band of followers or a group of her own. Yet she was considered as a source of inspiration even after centuries
26. Write the results of the Bhakti Movement
OR
What are the changes brought about by the Bhakti movement in the social
system of India?
• Created certain qualitative changes in the Indian social system.
• Strengthened the concept of social equality against caste discriminations.
• Gender equality also began to take shape.
• Regional languages developed.
• Evil practices were questioned.
27. How did the Bhakti-Sufi movements promote the growth of regional
languages?
• The propagators of the Bhakti – Sufi movements spread their ideas
through their vernacular languages.
• Enable common people to understand them.
• Resulted in the growth of the regional languages
28.Write a short note about the role of foreign languages in the growth of
Regional languages
• Out of the relationship between Persian and Hindi, a new language,
Urdu came into being.
• Urdu was strongly influenced by languages such as Telugu and
Marathi
• In the Western Coast Arabic influence the regional languages of that
area.
• Because of the influence of the Arabic language, a new mixed dialect,
Arabi – Malayalam, evolved in Kerala.
29. Write the influence of Sanskrit during the Middle Ages.
• Sanskrit was used in the court of Vijayanagara on festive occasions.
• Sanskrit prevailed as the language of higher education
• The popular literature of Sanskrit such as the Puranas, Ramayana and
the Mahabharata were available in the regional languages.
30. Name the most notable Persian writer of the medieval period
• Amir Khusrau
31. During the medieval period a large number of Indian works were
translated into the Persian language. Justify
• Ramayana,Mahabharata, Adharvaveda, Upanishads, etc. Belong to this
category.
• The historic chronicle of Kalhana, Rajatarangini, was translated into
Persian during the reign of the Kashmir king, Zain-ul-Abdin.
32. Hindi received tremendous impetus during the medieval period.
Substantiate the statement
• Ramananda and Kabir delivered their moral advice in Hindi.
• The dohas of Kabir were the finest example of Hindi literature.
• The Sursagar of Surdas, Ramacharitamanes of Thulsidas, the Bhajans of
Thulasidas
• Mirabai and Padmavati of Malik Muhammed Jayasi enriched Hindi
language.
33. Frame a table about the progress of regional languages in the medieval
period
34. Name the greatest musician of Medieval India
• Amir Khusrau
35. Name the famous Carnatic musician of Medieval India
• Naik Gopal
36. It was during the medieval period that music was enriched with different forms.Substantiate
• Considerable progress was attained by the Carnatic music
• A large number of musicians migrated from Deccan to North India
• A new music style evolved in North India, due to the influence of
Persian music. It came to be known as Hindustani music.(Amir
Khusrau)
• The medieval rulers were patrons of this category of music.
• The techniques of Persia experimented in Indian music.
• The singing styles such as Khayal and Thumri got popularity.
• Musical instruments like sitar, sarangi, tabala, etc. also became popular.
• The musical works of Sanskrit were translated into Persian
• The work on Music Ragadarpan was translated into Persian
• The work Sangeeta Ratnakaram authored by Sarngadevan was an
the important contribution of medieval India to music.
• The Carnatic music of South India was influenced by the Persian and
Arabic music during the Vijayanagara rule.
37. Write the contributions of Medieval India rulers to music
• The work on Music Ragadarpan was translated into Persian during the
regime of Firoz Shah Thuglaq.
• Emperor Akbar was a great lover of music.
• Abul Fazl states that 36 musicians were patronized by Akbar.
• The most famous among them was Tanzen.
38. What was the contribution of Tanzen to music?
• The Durbar raga, which enriched the Hindustani music was his
contribution
39. Architecture and painting attained progress in India during the medieval period. Justify
• The new styles of architecture such as Dravida, Nagara, Indo-Persian,
etc. developed.
• The blending of different sculptural styles was a speciality of the age.
• Miniature painting introduced
40. Architecture and painting attained progress in India during the medieval period. Justify
• The new styles of architecture such as Dravida, Nagara, Indo-Persian,
etc. developed.
• The blending of different sculptural styles was a speciality of the age.
• The painting style that came into vogue during the Mughal period is
known as miniature painting
• The wall paintings on the Tanjore temple during the period of the Cholas were an important feature of medieval painting.
41. Write the features of miniature painting
• This is the style of drawing pictures like the pictures in books.
• It was a combination of both Indian and Persian styles.
42.Write the contributions of Mughal rulers to music
• The Mughal Emperor Humayun contacted Persian artists and Mir
Sayyid Ali and Abdu Samad were brought to his court. The Mughal style of painting was developed by them
• Painting competitions were organized in the royal institutes (Kharkhana) during the reign of Akbar
• Indian subjects and natural scenes gradually became the themes of
painting.
• The painters of the period showed their proficiency in drawing pictures of birds and animals.
• The quality of paintings increased considerably during the reign of
Jahangir.
• Kalyandas was a painter during the period of Shajahan.
43. What was the features of Raznama? Whose work was it?
• The stories of Mahabharata were completely compiled into a series of
painting called Raznama
• Daswant
44. Name the greatest painters of the medieval period.
• Bishandas and Abul Hassan
45. Write the contributions of groups of painters during the medieval period.
• They were from many parts of India such as Gujarat, Kashmir,
Deccan, etc.
• Their paintings were influenced by their respective regional styles.
• Their paintings were based on the themes of the Puranas and stories of
both India and Persia.
• The wall paintings of that time were also remarkable
46. Write the feature of the Rajasthani style of painting
• It was a combination of the traditional and the Mughal styles of painting
47. Flow chart
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