STD 9 Social Science I: Chapter 07 Kerala, From Eighth to Eighteenth-century - Questions and Answers
Study Notes for Class 9th Social Science I കേരളം എട്ടാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടുമുതൽ പതിനെട്ടാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടുവരെ | Text Books Solution History (English Medium) History: Chapter 07 Kerala, From Eighth to the Eighteenth century
👉ഈ അദ്ധ്യായം Malayalam Medium Notes Click here
Class 9 History -Chapter 7: Kerala, From Eighth to Eighteenth-century Questions and Answers
1. Which period is considered the Medieval period of Kerala?
• The period between the 8th and the 18th century
2. Name the most important source of information about the nadus of Kerala.
• The Vattezhuthu documents
3. Mention about nadus. Frame the flow chart about the divisions of Nadus.
• The nadus were the places where the people established their
agricultural settlement.
4. Write the characteristic features of the rule of the Perumals?
• Perumals had representatives called Koyiladhikarikal.
• In administration the Perumals were assisted by Naluthali, the council of Brahmins.
• Perumals had a militia called Ayiram (Thousand).
• Perumals levied taxes from the Nadus, Nagaras (towns), Brahmin Gramas, temples, etc.
5. Write a short note about Perumal.
• The Nadus were under the Perumals - Capital at Mahodayapuram.
• 14 nadus- From Kolathunadu in the north to the Venad in the south.
• A centralised rule came into being in Kerala for the first time.
• Rulers from Rajasekharan to Ramakulasekharan ruled during 800-1122 CE.
6. What do you mean by Naduvazhi Swaroopams?
• The positions of power that developed in the Nadus were known as Naduvazhi Swaroopams.
• The Swaroopams were the ruling families with the right of self-rule.
• They followed the matrilineal system of inheritance (Marumakkathayam).
• The Swaroopams had their own military.
• Arisippadijanam of Venadu, Padamalanayanmar of Kolathu Nadu and Lokaru of Nediyiruppu
7. Write the major Naduvazhi Swaroopams.
• Kola Swaroopam (Kolathunadu)
• Nediyiruppu Swaroopam (Eranadu)
• Perumpadappu Swaroopam (Kochi)
• Thrippapur Swaroopam (Venadu)
8. How did the Sultans of Mysore occupy their power in Kerala during the medieval period?
• By the second half of the 18th century, the Sultans of Mysore, Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan led military campaigns which created a frenzy among the Naduvazhis of northern Kerala.
• Nediyiruppu, Kola and other smaller Swaroopams quickly came under the Mysore Sultans
• Fearing the attack from Mysore Sultans many Naduvazhis and Desavazhis fled to Venadu.
• The Perumpadappu Swaroopam of Kochi soon accepted the suzerainty of the Mysore Sultans.
• Only Travancore resisted the attacks.
9. Explain how the East India Company take the power of Kerala in the 18th century?
• During this period, Kerala was divided into three regions namely Travancore, Kochi and Malabar.
• By the close of the 18th century, the East India Company defeated Tipu Sultan.
• As a result of this the Malabar region came completely under British rule.
• The independent rule of the Naduvazhis of Malabar came to an end.
• Travancore and Kochi continued to be princely states.
10. Write a short note about the ownership of land during the medieval period?
Or
Write the changes in the land ownership rights between the 12th and 18th centuries CE
• Three broad types of land-based on the ownership right ( Cherikkal, Brahmaswam, Devaswam)
• Janmam Land -The rights over the land passed on from one generation to another and became a birthright. Janmis - the people who had the ownership right over those lands
• A custom called Verumpattam became widely prevalent during this period
11. What is meant by Verumpattam land?
• The land was given to the Kudiyans by the Janmis with the agreement that a predetermined share of the product would be given to the Janmi.
12. Which were the three broad types of land-based on the ownership right during the Medieval period?
1. Cherikkal -The land under the control of the Naduvazhis
2. Brahmaswam-The land under the control of Brahmins
3. Devaswam -The land under the control of temples.
13. Explain the position of Ooralar and Karalars in the land ownership of Medieval Kerala
• Owners of Devaswam land were called Ooralar.
• The rulers, Brahmins used to give the land for cultivation to middlemen called Karalar
• Power hierarchy was formed with Naduvazhis at the top, and Ooralars and Karalars below them.
14. Explain the following words
a) Panayapattam
• Also known as Kanam and Otti According
• The person who took the land on a lease (kanakudiyan) used to give any amount as security to the landlord when he leased the land for cultivation.
• The Kanakudiyan did not have the right to sell or transfer this land.
• He just had the right to cultivate in this land.
b) Kuzhikanam
• A kind of tax rebate
• All the plants which had not yet started yielding were exempted, when the Pattam was calculated by the Janmis
15. It was in the second half of the 18th century that the land was measured. Justify this statement
• The British conducted a land survey, divided the land in terms of acres and cents, and allotted them survey numbers.
• Land surveys were conducted in Kochi and Travancore.
• In Kochi it was known as Kettezhuthu and in Travancore, Kandezhuthu.
• Accordingly tax was fixed on the assessed land.
16. Write a short note about the agricultural system that existed in the Medieval period?
• Farming was done in vayals, parambus, purayidams and malampradesangal in those times.
• Paddy was the main crop in vayals.
• cultivated paddy, horse gram, millets and tubers in parambu. Coconut, Arecanut, pepper, ginger, turmeric, pulses and tubers were also cultivated.
• Upland paddy was grown in highlands. Forest produces were also collected from highlands.
• Farming in those times was dependent on the south-west monsoon (Edavapathy) and the north-east monsoon (Thulavarsham).
• Organic manure such as cow dung and leaves was used.
17. List out the different occupational groups formed during the Medieval period.
• People engaged in agriculture and the making of agricultural equipment.
• People involved in handicrafts and the making of metal equipment.
• People engaged in trade.
• People involved in weaving and oil production.
• People involved in temple rituals.
• Officials connected to the Naduvazhi Swaroopams.
18. Write the concept of caste system evolved during the Medieval period?
• People engaged in the same occupation evolved into one caste.
• The Adiyalars who used to farm occupied the lowest position in the caste hierarchy whereas the Brahmins were at the top.
• Based on the family occupation, all other castes came in between these two categories.
• On the basis of the caste the concept of purity and impurity sprang up.
19. Name the major trade centres during the Medieval period?
• Kodungalloor, Kollam, Kozhikode, Panthalayini, Madayi,Valapattanam, etc.
20. The trade relationships played a crucial role in developing cultural integration in Kerala. Explain
• Kerala became a land where people of different religions started living in peace and harmony.
• The Brahmins, the Jains, the Buddhists, the Jews, the Christians and the Muslims spread during this period.
• The rulers of Kerala viewed all religions equally.
• The Naduvazhis used to donate land to the Brahmins and temples.
• The Jains, the Buddhists, the Jews, the Christians and the Muslims were granted different kinds of rights.
21. The different kinds of trade that prevailed in the medieval period- Table.
22. What is meant by Anjuvannam and Manigramam?
• Anjuvannam and Manigramam are the trade guilds that existed in medieval Kerala till the 14th century.
23. The trade relationships played a crucial role in developing cultural integration in Kerala. Explain
• Kerala became a land where people of different religions started living in peace and harmony.
• The Brahmins, the Jains, the Buddhists, the Jews, the Christians and the Muslims spread during this period.
• The rulers of Kerala viewed all religions equally.
• The Naduvazhis used to donate land to the Brahmins and temples.
• The Jains, the Buddhists, the Jews, the Christians and the Muslims were granted different kinds of rights.
24. Name the traveller who visited Kerala during the 10th and 11th centuries
• Al-Baruni
25. Name the foreigner who visited Kerala in the 15th century C E
• Abdur Razzaq
26. Write a short note about Societal Controls?
• Rules and norms control social relationships
• During the Perumal period there was a custom called Muzhikkulam Kacham.
• It was mainly applicable to the Brahmins and the temple communities
• Traditional customs mainly controlled society
• "Kachams' disappeared and another set of customs and mores known
as"Keezhmaryada" gained prominence
• Societal rules were not violated. If they did, it led to conflicts
• Land ownership rights, relationships were all based on these rules of society.
27. During the medieval period justice was not rendered equally to all. Justify
• During the time of Naduvazhis truth tests like poison test, water test, the fire test, weigh test etc. were conducted in order to punish those who were guilty.
• Weigh test was applicable for Brahmins and other upper castes.
• All other tests were applicable to the Avarna castes.
• Differences in the punishments given to Savarnas and Avarnas
28. Malayalam language during this period had the influence of Tamil and Sanskrit. Write examples
• Manipravalam (mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam)
• Tharisappally and Thirunelli edicts(plates inscribed in Vattezhuthu script)
29. Write famous books in Manipravalam written during the medieval period
• Unnuneelisandesham
• Unniyachee charitham
• Chandrotsawam
• Anthapuravarnanam
• Vaishikathanthram
30. Name the book which is considered as an early Malayalam book
• Ramacharitham
31. Write the role played by the literary works of the medieval period in the development of the Malayalam language?
• Ramayanam, Bhagavatham, mahathmyam, etc. written by Rama
Panicker(Kannasan) who belonged to the Niranam poets,
• Another important work of the time is Cherushery's Krishnagadha.
• Bhakti literature- a)Jnanapana and Srikrishnakarnamritham were written by Poonthanam Namboodiri
b) Adhyathmaramayanam Kilipattu and Mahabaratham Killipattu written by Thunjathu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan, etc.
• Thullal songs by Kunjan Nambiar and Kuchelavritham Vanchipattu by
RamapurathuWarrier
• The Vadakkan Pattu and Thekkan Pattu also spread orally during this period.
• The language and dialects of the people who migrated to Kerala contributed to the growth of the language.
• Tamil influenced Malayalam in southern Kerala and the influence of Kannada is evident in Malayalam in northern Kerala
• Malayalam was also influenced by the language of the people who had come through the sea route for trade - Arab- Malayalam literature
• Christian missionaries who came to Kerala also developed literature in Malayalam
32. Write an example of Arab- Malayalam literature
• Muhiyudheen mala written by Khasi Mohammad
33. Write the literary works of the missionaries.
• Samkshepavedartham
• Puthan Pana by Arnos Pathiri
• Varthamanapusthakam of Paremakkal Thoma Kathanar
34. Write the famous art forms of Kerala
• Theyyam, Padayani, Oppana, Margamkali, Duffmuttu, Parichamuttukali, Koodiyattam, Chakyarkoothu, Chavittunatakam
35. Who were the prominent mathematicians of the medieval period
• Sankaranarayanan, Sangamagrama Madhavan, Vadassery Parameswaran and Neelakanda Somayaji
36. Flow chart
Social Science I Textbook (pdf) - Click here
👉 Quiz
PSC Solved Question Papers ---> Click here
PSC TODAY's EXAM RESULTS ---> Click here
PSC EXAM PROGRAMME -> Click here
CURRENT AFFAIRS QUESTIONS -> Click here
PSC Degree Level Questions & Answers - Click here
PSC 10th, +2 Level Questions & Answers - Click here
PSC SHORTLISTS -> Click here
PSC RANK LISTS -> Click here
 Chapter 07 KERALA : FROM EIGHTH TO EIGHTEENTH CENTURY){kind=link}
0 Comments