Class 8 Social Science: Chapter 11 India and Economic Planning - Questions and Answers
Class 8 Social Science Questions and Answers: Chapter 11: India and Economic Planning
India and Economic Planning- Textual Questions and Answers & Model Questions
1. What is Economic planning?
• Economic planning is the preparation to achieve the economic objectives of the society, using the available resources within a specific period of time.
2. Prepare a flow chart of the evolution of planning.
3. Name the project prepared by the renowned social activist, M.N Roy which helped in shaping India's planning.
• Peoples Plan.
4. Who was known as the ‘Father of Indian planning’? Write his contributions.
• M.Visvesvaraia
• Authored the famous 'Planned Economy for India' in 1934
• Gave clear direction to economic planning.
5. Who said, “Dams are the temples of India's economic development”?
• Jawaharlal Nehru
6. Write the objectives of Economic planning in India.
• Equity
• Modernisation
• Growth
• Self-reliance
7. What do you mean by Economic growth? Write the three sectors on the basis of which economic growth is measured.
• Economic growth indicates the increase in the output of goods and services produced in the country.
• Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors
8. Economic growth is an important objective of economic planning as it contributes to a nation’s progress. Justify
• Increase in output in agriculture and industry
• Improvement in transport and communication facilities
• Increase in hospitals, educational institutions, commercial establishments, energy production, export etc contributes to economic growth.
9. Some of the objectives of economic planning in India are given below. Explain them.
a) Equity
b) Growth
Answer:
Equity
• Equity is to ensure that all citizens of India have access to basic necessities such as food, clothing, shelter, education, drinking water and health care and have a fair distribution of wealth.
Growth
• Growth is calculated based on the increase in production in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.
10. Write a short note on Modernisation.
• Modernisation is making use of the latest technology.
• Improved the pace of travel and movement of goods.
• Brought economic progress and saving of time.
• Modern means of communication improve living conditions and security
• Bring government services close to the people without delay.
• Making a change in the perception of society.
• Involves protection of women's rights, social security, and openness to social changes.
11. Explain how modernization contributes to the development of a nation.
• Modernization produces economic progress and saving of time.
• Improves the living conditions and security
• Bring government services close to the people without delay.
• Women's rights, social security, and openness to social changes.
12. “Modernisation not only uses the latest technology but also makes changes in the perception of the society”. Substantiate.
• Modernisation involves the protection of women's rights, social security, and openness to social changes.
13. The statements given below are related to the objectives of economic planning in India. Identify the objectives mentioned below
a) The developments in machinery and technology have led to increasing in productivity and simplification of manual labour.
b) Attain self-sufficiency in agricultural, industrial and service sectors using the available resources and avoiding foreign dependence.
Answer:
a) Modernization
b) Self-reliance
14. Evaluate the aim of self-reliance.
• To attain self-sufficiency in agricultural, industrial and service sectors using the available resources and to avoid foreign dependence.
15. How will be the objective of equity attained?
• When all citizens receive basic necessities of life such as food, clothing, shelter, education, drinking water, health protection and righteous distribution of wealth
16. In which year Indian planning commission was formed? Who were the members?
• 15th March 1950
• The Planning Commission is chaired by the prime minister who will be assisted by a full-time vice-chairman and members appointed by the cabinet.
17. Point out the aims of the Indian planning commission.
• Made suitable changes to the planning according to democracy and mixed economy.
• The Planning Commission visualized projects with a five-year plan perspective.
• The aim of the Five Year Plans was to identify and prioritise certain sectors to attain the given targets.
18. In which year was the Planning Commission in India constituted? The planning model of which country is adopted in India
• 1950, Soviet Union
19.' Dams are the temples of India's economic development '.Whose statement was this? Write the importance of this statement.
• Jawaharlal Nehru
• The construction of large dams would solve many problems of India.
• It would result in the generation of electricity, would provide water for irrigation to the farmers, supply water to households and industries.
• Main purpose of launching multi-purpose river projects in India was to combine the development of agriculture and village economy with rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.
20. Write a short note about various revolutions started in India to achieve self-reliance in different sectors
a) Green Revolution: This was made possible through the use of high-yielding seeds, improved irrigation, fertilizers, insecticides and agriculture finance at a low-interest rate.
b)White Revolution: Increasing milk and milk products
c) Blue Revolution: Progress in the fisheries sector
21. Evaluate the result of the Green Revolution
• The increased food output, especially in wheat and rice ended our dependence on foreigners and achieved self-sufficiency.
22. What were the programs implemented through five-year plans in the agricultural sector that led to the Green Revolution?
• High-yielding seeds
• Irrigation facilities
• Application of fertilizers and pesticides
• Financial assistance on reduced interest
23. What is the Green Revolution? What was the result of the Green Revolution?
• The Green Revolution is a significant improvement in agricultural production by utilizing high-yielding seeds, irrigation facilities, fertilizers, pesticides and agriculture finance at a low-interest rate.
• In the case of foodgrains, especially rice and wheat, it has been able to achieve self-sufficiency and eliminate foreign dependence.
24. What do you mean by the White revolution and Blue revolution?
• White Revolution - Increase in milk and milk products
• Blue Revolution - Significant progress in the field of fishing
25. Which Constitutional Amendments passed by the Parliament led to the establishment of Panchayati Raj and Nagarpalika institutions in India?
• The 73rd and 74thConstitutional Amendments
26. Write a short note about decentralized planning.
• A new three-tier system of Grama Panchayat, Block Panchayat and District Panchayat started functioning was the beginning of decentralized planning in India
• The three-tier panchayats make use of their authority and economic resources for local development.
• Grama Panchayats have a significant role to play in decentralized planning.
27. What are the basic differences between centralized planning and decentralized planning?
• Centralized planning is the method of planning and executing projects at the national level.
• Decentralized planning is an opportunity for the three-tier panchayats to utilize power and economic resources for local development.
28. Which of the following is not the objective of the Economic Planning put forward by the Planning Commission established in 1950?
a) Equivalent
b) Sustainable development
c) Growth
d) Self-reliance
Answer:
b) Sustainable development
29. Make a table based on Five Year Plans, their main objectives and the period undertaken by the Planning Commission of India.
30. Which of the following was the focus of the Eleventh Five Year Plan?
a) Poverty Alleviation
b) Integrated development of the entire population
c) Human Resource Development
d) Sustainable development
Answer:
b) Integrated development of the entire population31. Answer the following questions about Five Year Plans in India.
a) The planning model of which country is adopted in India to implement the Five Year Plans?
b) What was the objective of the Indian Five-Year Plans?
c) What are the thrust areas of the First and Second Five-Year Plans?
Answer:
a) the Soviet Union
b) The objective of the Five Year Plan is to give priority to a particular sector and achieve the target within 5 years.
c) Development of the Agricultural sector and Industrial sector
32. What was the main objective of the Seventh Five-Year Plan?
• Modernisation and increase in employment opportunities.
33. Which Five-Year Plan in India aimed at eradication of poverty?
• Fifth Five-Year Plan
34. What are the administrative systems introduced in India based on the 73, and 74 Constitutional Amendment Laws?
• Panchayati Raj and Nagarapalika bill
35. Write the name of various levels of the three-tier system of panchayat
• The Grama Panchayat
• Block Panchayat
• District Panchayat
36. Prepare a flow chart showing the role of three levels of panchayats in achieving local development.
37. How are Panchayats categorized to enable local development? Explain the function of each.
• Grama Panchayat, Block Panchayat, District Panchayat
The Grama Panchayat
• Discusses regional development needs inward level Grama Sabhas.
• Requirements are codified and submitted into projects.
Block Panchayat
• Assessing grama panchayat projects and submitting them to the district level in order of priority.
District Panchayat
• The District Planning Committee approves the plans reviewed by the Block Panchayat.
• State Planning Board transfers these.38. Name the new project introduced by the Central government after the working of the Planning Commission. In which year it was introduced?
• National Institution for Transforming India('NITI Aayog').
• 1st January 2015.
39. Explain the structure of 'NITI Aayog'.
• The Chairman of the NITI Aayog is the Prime Minister.
• The governing council consists of all state Chief Ministers, Lieutenant Governors of the union territories, and a Vice-chairman nominated by the Prime Minister.
• In addition to full members, there are two part-time members and four ex-officio members and a chief executive officer.
• The temporary members are selected from the leading universities and research institutions.
• The Prime Minister deputes four cabinet ministers as ex-officio members.
• The chief executive officer is appointed by the Prime Minister.
40. List out the aims of NITI Aayog
• To bring down government participation in industrial and service sectors.
• To improve agriculture production by practising mixed farming.
• To utilize the services of the dominant middle class for sustainable economic growth.
• To make use of the services of non-resident Indians for economic and technological growth.
• To convert the cities into secure living centres using modern technology.
• To equip the nation to face global transformation and market forces.
41. Which of the following is not an objective of the NITI Aayog?
a) Mixed agriculture production in agriculture
b) Reduce government participation in industry and services
c) To facilitate the growth of expatriate Indians
d) Enabling Panchayats to utilize power and economic resources for local development
Answer:
d) Enabling Panchayats to utilize power and economic resources for local development.
42. Who are the unofficial members of the Governing Body of NITI Aayog?
• Four cabinet ministers deputed by the Prime Minister.
43. Name the system introduced instead of the Planning Commission of India. Who presides it?
• NITI Aoyog
• Prime Minister
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