Class 7 Social Science: Chapter 01 Europe in Transition - Questions and Answers
Study Notes Class 7th Social Science (English Medium) | Text Books Solution Social Science (English Medium) Chapter 01 Europe in Transition (യൂറോപ്പ് പരിവർത്തനപാതയിൽ)
SCERT Solutions for STD VII Social Science Chapterwise
Chapter 01: Europe in Transition
Europe in Transition - Textual Questions and Answers & Model Questions
1. In what century was Hagia Sophia created?
-AD 6th Century
2. Which was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire?
- Constantinople
3. The new name of Constantinople?
- Istanbul
4. When did the Turks conquer Constantinople?
- 1453
5. With the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks, to which country did most of the people migrate?
- Italy
6. Which country was the centre (flourished) of the Renaissance?
- Italy
7. which were the scholarly languages of medieval Europe?
- Greek and Latin
8. What were the regional languages that became popular with the Renaissance?
- English, Spanish and French
9. Write the name of the s vision primarily concerned the various aspects of human life.
- Humanism
10. What is meant by the word 'new awakening'?
- Renaissance
11. Who is known as the Father of the Renaissance?
- Petrarch
12. Write the spheres the Renaissance influenced and mostly?
- Art, Science and Literature
13. In what areas did the arts excel?
- Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Music
14. Who propounded the theory of the Solar System?
- Copernicus
15. Which scientist developed the telescope by showing that the solar system theory is correct?
- Galileo Galilei
16. Who invented the printing press?
- Johannes Gutenberg
17. Who led the religious reformation in Germany?
- Martin Luther
18. Which country started the Industrial Revolution?
- England
19. Briefly describe Hagia Sophia?
- Hagia Sophia, one of the important monuments in the history of the world
- Built-in the 6th century AD
- Now it is preserved as a history museum in Turkey.
- It is the epitome of the architectural splendours of Constantinople
20. Draw this map in your notebook and locate Constantinople
i. Which continents do you see on this map?
- Europe, Asia
ii. Which seas do you see on the map?
- Mediterranean, Black sea
21. Do you know the importance of Constantinople in the history of the world?
- Constantinople (the present Istanbul), the erstwhile capital of the Eastern Roman Empire has a unique place in the history of the world.
22. What are the features of Constantinople?
• Centre of knowledge.
• Abode of scholars and a treasure trove of scholarly texts.
• Gateway from Asia to Europe.
• Centre of trade
• Capital of the Eastern Roman empire
• The location of Constantinople has great importance in the trade route
• It connects the Mediterranean sea with the Black sea
23. Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453. List out the result of the Turks conquer?
- Fall of the centuries-old Eastern Roman Empire.
- Scholars, artists and writers fled from Constantinople to nearby areas Many of them migrated to Italy.
24. Why did the people from Constantinople migrate to Italy?
• Italy was a country that upheld the rich Greco - Roman tradition.
• The rich Italian traders were the patrons of art, literature and culture.
• These traders were keen to preserve the historical and cultural heritage
• The Italian cities furthered thinking and encouraged the spirit of learning among the immigrant scholars
25. Features of the Middle Ages
- The fine arts, literature and history in the medieval period were centred on religious ideology Greek and Latin as these languages were considered elite and scholarly
26. Find out the Changes made during the 13th century in Europe?
- By the dawn of the 13th century, Latin and Greek gave way to regional languages like English, Spanish, and French.
- The writers of this period adopted the common man's life as the central theme of their works.
- The literature of this period was no longer confined to religion and philosophy but gave way to themes that depicted diverse aspects
of human life.
- These similar changes occurred in other art forms like painting and sculpture.
- Primary concerned with the various aspects of human life is known as humanism.
27. What were the important characteristic features of the Renaissance?
- Humanism, unique thoughts on the universe, spirit of enquiry, reasoning, arts, science and literature, religious reformation and industrial revolution
28. How do literary works in the regional languages differ from the literary works before the Renaissance period?
- In medieval times, art, literature, and history were centred on religious ideas. Latin (Latin) and Greek were considered the scholarly languages of Europe. The works were written in these languages. By the beginning of the 13th century, however, works were written in the local languages such as English, Spanish and French, instead of Latin and Greek.
Such works were the lives of ordinary people. Thus the content of literature has become so important to human life instead of religious ideas. Similar changes took place in the fields of painting and sculpture.
29. Write a short note-Humanism
OR
What were the situations that helped in developing humanism in Europe?
- During the Renaissance, the subject of literature, painting, and sculpture became more and more important to the lives of ordinary people, rather than religious ideas. Humanity is such a vision that puts emphasis on
human life.
30. Write a short note-Renaissance
- Humanity was created to think differently about the universe and the conditions of life. This led to the development of reasoning and inquiry. This has created a new awakening in all spheres of human life. This kind of awakening is renaissance.
31. Now let us examine how the Renaissance influenced the different spheres of social life.
• Renaissance in Literature
- Petrarch (AD 1304 - 1374) was one of the eminent writers of the Renaissance period. He is known as the Father of the Renaissance. The magnum opus of Petrarch is 'Secretum'.
• Renaissance in Art
- The Renaissance spirit was most pronounced in painting. Leonardo da Vinci was one of the great painters of the period. The Mona Lisa and the Last Supper are his famous paintings. The excellence in art was not limited to painting. In course of time, sublime works were created in the fields of architecture, sculpture, and music.
• Renaissance in Science
- The Solar System is the Sun and all the objects that orbit around it. The Sun is orbited by planets, asteroids, comets and other things. But formerly it was believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe. this belief was proven false in the Renaissance period. Copernicus propounded the theory of the Solar System and announced that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Later, Galileo Galilei invented the telescope and using it he scientifically proved that the theory put forward by Copernicus was true. It became easier to propagate the Renaissance ideas widely among the masses with the invention of the printing press by Gutenberg.
32. Table -Renaissance writers and their works
33. Table -Renaissance Artists, works and their fields
34. Table -Inventions during the Industrial Revolution
35. The Reformation.
- The refinement underwent by European Christianity in the 16th century is known as the Reformation.
- Martin Luther led this movement which began in Germany.
- It was led by Martin Luther.
36. In Search of Sea Routes
• In 1453, the Turks conquered Constantinople.
• This has disrupted the trade between Europe and Asia.
• So New for European merchants to Asia
• Marine routes had to be found.
• The invention of the compass and the spirit of adventure uncovered
unknown routes, oceans, and continents.
37. How did the rise of science and technology contribute to the Industrial Revolution?
- The breakthrough in science following the Renaissance led to the invention of new machines. Machines brought major changes to the manufacturing industry. This has resulted in a tenfold increase in production and a decrease in production costs. Such changes in manufacturing are known as the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution started in England. This has resulted in major changes in trade.
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