STD 10 Social Science I: Chapter 09 The State and Political Science - Questions and Answers
Study Notes for Class 10th History (English Medium) രാഷ്ട്രവും രാഷ്ട്രതന്ത്രശാസ്ത്രവും | Text Books Solution Social Science I (English Medium) Chapter 09 The State and Political Science
Social Science I Chapter 09 The State and Political Science Questions and Answers
1. What is the state?
- A group of people residing permanently within a particular territory with a sovereign government is called a state.
-The protection of the life and property of the people, implementation of public welfare activities, and effectively interfering in crucial situations can only be done by the state.
-The state is the most important among the socio-political institutions that human beings have formed.
2. Who first coined the term 'State'
-The term 'State' was first coined by Niccolo Machiavelli, the western philosopher.
3. Basic factors of a state
- Population,
- Territory,
- Government,
- Sovereignty.
They are the essential components of a nation.
4. Describe the characteristics of the people that are essential to the state.
-Population is an indispensable factor in the formation of a state.
-For the existence of a state, the people should live unitedly, with mutual understanding, interdependence and common public interest.
-There is no state without people.
-However, the minimum and the maximum number of people for a country are not fixed.
-Population which is too much or too little is not good for a state.
-These two aspects will adversely affect the development of a state.
5. Evaluate how high population or low population affect a state.
-If the population is small, the inadequate utilization of natural resources can adversely affect the growth of the nation.
-States like Canada with less population encourage migration.
-Scarcity of human resources is the reason for this.
-At the same time high population leads to unemployment and poverty.
6. What are the features of the land that is the most essential part of the nation?
-A state should have an exact territory with clear-cut boundaries.
-The state is formed when the people settle permanently in a particular territory.
-The state should have complete control over its territory.
-The land area, water bodies, coastal area, aerial space etc. within the boundaries are part of the territory.
-The territorial size does not matter in the formation of a state.
7. What is the importance of government as the most important factor for a given state (What are the key roles of government?)?
-Government makes and executes law and ensures justice to the people.
-Government ensures security and makes available different services to the people.
-Maintain law and order.
-Increase employment opportunities.
-Implement developmental projects.
-Implement social welfare projects.
-Disputes are settled.
-The government does all the work for the state.
-Different states have different forms of government.
-Monarchy, despotic rule, democracy etc.
-Whatever be the form the state should have a government.
-The government may change from time to time but the state remains permanent.
8. Specify the importance of the sovereignty of a State.
- Sovereignty is the most important factor in the formation of the country.
- Sovereignty makes a state different from other Institutions.
- State has the right to make decisions on national and international affairs independently without any external control.
-This supreme authority of a state is called Sovereignty.
-Sovereignty is the absolute, unlimited and indivisible power of the state
-It has two dimensions.
9. Specify the internal and external dimensions of a state's sovereignty.
Internal dimensions of a state's sovereignty:
-The right to make decisions on all matters which come within its territory.
External dimensions of a state's sovereignty:
-The right to take independent decisions on international issues.
10. “The goal of State is the maximum happiness of the maximum number” Who says this?
-Jermy Bentham.
11. Functions of a State
-Welfare of the people is the function of all states.
-Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle considered the primary duty of a state is to provide a better life to its citizens.
-Along with the emergence of the concept of 'welfare state', functions have also increased accordingly.
12. How are the functions of the country classified?
-Obligatory functions
-Discretionary functions
13. Critically analyze and discuss the obligatory and discretionary functions of the state.
Obligatory functions
-Functions that have to be implemented by the state at all times at any cost are said to be obligatory functions.
-State cannot abstain from its obligatory functions.
-The life and property of the people cannot be protected if the obligatory functions are not performed.
-Protection of boundaries, Maintaining internal peace, Protection of rights, Implementation of justice are the main obligatory functions of the state
Discretionary functions
-Discretionary functions are those which have to be implemented as per the economic condition of the state.
-Implementation of functions like education, health care etc. will provide better living conditions for the people.
-The state which implements such progressive measures is called a welfare state.
-It is not possible to set a limit to the discretionary powers of a state.
-The growth of technology and the increase in human wants are making this area vast.
14. Theories on the origin of state?
-Divine Right Theory,
-Evolutionary Theory(most acceptable),
-Social Contract Theory,
-Power Theory.
i. Divine Right Theory
-State is the creation of God.
-King is the representative of God.
-King is answerable only to God.
ii. Evolutionary theory
-State is the product of history.
-It was formed by social evolution.
-The most acceptable is the theory of evolution of the state.
-This theory tells us that the state was formed as a result of several social circumstances and it reached its present form through the process of evolution.
-State started as a tribe and tribal administration and later developed as a city-state, empire state and feudal state.
-Today states are commonly known as the Nation States.
-Because they are formed on the basis of a feeling of nationalism.
iii. Social contract theory
-State came into existence as a result of a contract by the people.
-State was constituted for the fulfilment of human needs.
iv. Power theory
-State came into existence as a result of the establishment of power by the strong over the weak.
15. What is Citizenship - according to Aristotle
- A person who has the right to participate in the law-making procedure and the implementation of the law is called the citizen of that state.
16. What is Citizenship?
-Citizenship is the full and equal membership in a nation.
18. What are the characteristics of citizenship?
-Citizenship enables a person to experience political and civil rights.
-It is clear that while the state ensures certain rights, citizens have certain duties to perform.
-The concept of citizenship gained importance when democracy came into existence.
-In the execution of administration, democracy ensures the participation of the citizens through political rights.
-Only the citizens can enjoy the political rights of a nation.
19. Explain the two types of citizenship.
i. Natural citizenship
-Citizenship by birth is natural citizenship.
ii. Acquired citizenship
-When a person acquires citizenship on the basis of the legal procedure of a nation is known as acquired citizenship.
20. Which are the rights available in India exclusively to its citizen
-Right to contest election
-Right to form a political party.
-Right to propagate politics.
-Right to vote in the elections.
-Right to criticize the government.
21. Who is known as the Father of Political Science?
-Aristotle
22. What is Political Science according to Aristotle
-“Political Science is the study of state and Government”.
-According to the definition of Aristotle political science is the study of institutions like state and Government.
-Aristotle gave the name 'Politics' to his book dealing with political issues.
-This is the first book that makes a comprehensive analysis of the state.
-So he is known as the Father of Political Science.
23. List out the important people who contributed to the science of politics?
-Aristotle, Socrates, Plato
24. “The result of your political inactivity is that you will be ruled by people inferior to you”. Who says this?
- Plato
25. Which are the different branches of the study of Political Science?
-Political theories,
-Public administration,
-International politics
-Comparative politics.
26. Why study political science?
-To promote civic awareness among the people,
-To intervene effectively in social and political issues,
-To shape a better political system,
-To work for the protection of rights,
-To encourage the citizen to fulfil their duties to the nation.
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