Class 10 Geography: Chapter 08 India: Resource Wealth of India - Questions and Answers
Study Notes for Class 10th Social Science II ഇന്ത്യ - സാമ്പത്തിക ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം | Text Books Solution Geography (English Medium) Social Science II: Chapter 08 Resource Wealth of India
Class 10 Geography Questions and Answers - Chapter 08 Resource Wealth of India
1. Some of the factors related to the development of India are shown in the
collage above (Fig 8.1). Identify and list them.
• Agriculture
• Transport
• Energy production
• Mining
2. write the geographical features that are favourable for the cultivation of diverse crops in India.
• Diverse topography
• Suitable Climate
• Extent and flat agricultural land
• Diverse fertility of the soil
• Monsoon and irrigation facilities
3. On the basis of the period of cultivation, In India three distinct cropping seasons. What are they writing the feature?
• Kharif • Rabi • Zaid
The diverse agricultural crops of India can be classified as food crops and cash crops.
• Food crops- the crops which can directly be consumed as food are called food crops
Example: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Barley, Millets [Jower Bajra Ragi]
• Cash crops are those having industrial and commercial significance
Example: Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane
5. Write the geographical features required for rice cultivation and major producing states?
• Alluvial soil is most suitable for rice cultivation.
• Rice requires a high temperature (above 24° C) and a good amount of rainfall (more than 150 cm).
• Rice is being cultivated in regions with less rainfall with the aid of irrigation.
• Rice is mostly cultivated in river basins and coastal plains. Rice is also cultivated by making terraces along the slopes of Siwaliks.
• Major producing states - WEST BENGAL, PUNJAB, Utharpardesh, Andrapradesh Tamilnadu, Kerala, Bihar, Assam.
Minor producing states: Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Haryana.
6. Write the geographical features required for wheat cultivation and major producing states?
• Wheat, the second major food crop produced in India is a rabi crop.
• Well-drained alluvial soil is ideal for wheat cultivation.
• The crop which is mainly cultivated in temperate regions requires 10°C to 26°C temperature and 75 cm of rainfall.
• Wheat cultivation in India is mainly dependent on irrigation as it is a winter crop.
States: Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan.
Wheat and rice cultivation states the northern part of Rajasthan, Punjab Haryana, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh Gujarat.
7. Why don't we cultivate wheat in Kerala?
The geographical conditions of Kerala are not suitable for wheat cultivation.
8. Write the geographical features required for Maize cultivation and major producing states?
• Maize is the third major food crop produced in India.
• In India, maize is cultivated in both summer and winter.
• Cultivated in regions receiving an annual average rainfall of 75 cm.
• Well-drained fertile soil is ideal.
• Maize is mostly cultivated in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
9. Write the geographical features required for Cotton cultivation?
Frost-free growing season, 20° to 30° Celsius of temperature, and a small amount of annual rainfall are the geographical requirements for cotton cultivation. Black soil and alluvial soil are the most suitable.
10. Which Crop is known as 'universal fibre'?
Cotton is known as 'universal fibre', as it is used worldwide in the textile sector. India ranks fourth in cotton production.
11. Cotton textile industrial centre
• Maharastra – mumbai pune soalapur kalampur ourangabad
• Gujarath – Ahammadbad Rajkottu Vadodara Porbanthar Soorat
• Andra Pradesh - Hyderabad, Warangal, Guntur
• Madhya Pradesh – Ujjain, Devas, Indore, Gwalior
• Karnataka – Banglur, Mysore, Bellari
• Tamil Nadu – Chennai, Selam, Koyambathur, Madurai
• Utharppradesh – Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi, Agra, Aligarh,
• Delhi
12. write a short note on the cotton textile industry
• The cotton textile industry is the largest agro-based industry in India
• The first cotton textile mill was established at Fort Glastor near Kolkata in
1818
• The most important textile industrial centre in India is Mumbai So Mumbai is known as Cottonopolis.
• Mumbai, Ahammadabad major cotton textile centre.
13. What are the factors that helped Mumbai to become the most important cotton textile centre?
• Easy availability of raw materials from neighbouring regions.
• Cheap availability of power
• Export and import possibilities of the Mumbai port
• Freshwater availability.
• Human resource availability.
14. Write the geographical features required for Jute cultivation?
Jute is a fibre crop in India. Hot and humid conditions are ideal for its growth. High temperatures and rainfall above 150 cm are essential for jute cultivation. Well-drained alluvial soil is required. The Ganga-Brahmaputra delta region of West Bengal is the major jute-producing region. Jute cultivation is mainly confined to West Bengal, Assam, and some parts of Odisha.
15. Write a short note about Tea Cultivation.
India is the largest producer of tea in the world. Hill slopes have an annual rainfall range of 200 to 250 cm and 25° to 30° Celsius of temperatures are most favourable for tea plantations. Well-drained soil rich in humus content is required for this plantation crop. The tea plantations of India are confined to Assam, West Bengal, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
16. Tea is cultivated in the Idukki and Wayanad districts of Kerala. What are the factors favouring this?
Idukki and Wayanad districts have geographical factors favourable for the cultivation of tea like hill slopes having an annual rainfall range of 200 to 250 cm, 25°C to 30°C of temperature and soil rich in humus content.
17. What was the role of spices in attracting Europeans to India?
Spices are used to add flavour to food and to make medicines. The importance of spices and their availability in India attracted the Europeans to India.
18. Write a short note about Coffee Cultivation.
India stands sixth in the production of coffee, which is a tropical plantation crop. Coffee plantations of India are confined to the Western Ghat ranges of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Moderate temperature and high rainfall are the requirements for coffee cultivation. India mainly produces high-quality coffee seeds namely 'Arabica,' which has great demand in the international market. Two-thirds of the total production is from Karnataka.
19. Write the geographical features required for Sugarcane cultivation?
• Sugarcane, which is a tropical crop, requires a hot and humid climate.
• Black soil and alluvial soil are ideal for sugarcane cultivation.
• India ranks second in the production of sugarcane.
• India is known as the birthplace of sugarcane.
• Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer of both sugarcane and cane sugar.
• Sugar, jaggery is produced from sugarcane
20. Sugar mills are confined to sugarcane-producing regions. Why?
The sugarcane harvested must be immediately brought to the factories so as to extract the juice out of it. Otherwise, the amount of sucrose in the sugarcane might decrease.
21. Write the geographical features required for Rubber cultivation?
Rubber cultivation requires temperatures above 25° Celsius and rainfall of more than 150 cm. Laterite soil which is generally not suitable for other crops is good for rubber. Kerala is the leading producer of rubber in India. It is a major source of income in Kerala. Rubber is cultivated on a small scale in certain parts of Tamil Nadu and the Andaman and Nicobar islands.
22. The fall in the price of rubber affects Kerala the most. Why?
Kerala is the leading producer of rubber in India, contributing 91%.
23. What are the raw materials for agro-based industries?
Sugarcane, cotton, jute, rubber.
24. Which are the major agro-based industries in India?
Sugar industry, cotton textile industry, jute industry, rubber industry, etc.
25. In India four types of iron ore are found What are they?
Haematite, Magnetite Limonite and siderite.
26. Write the raw materials required for the iron and steel industry?
Iron ore, coal, manganese, limestone & dolomite
27. What are the factors influencing the location of the iron and steel industries.
Or
What are the reasons for the concentration of industries in a certain region?
• Availability of Raw Materials
• Water Availability
• Transportation Facilities
• Availability of Energy (Availability of Electricity at Cheaper Rates
• Nearness to Harbour
• Availability of Human Resources
28. Important Iron mining centres in India and states
• Manganese is a metallic mineral largely used in the iron and steel industry.
• Manganese deposits are generally found near iron ore mines.
• Odisha is the leading producer. Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh are the other major manganese-producing states.
• Manganese is used to make ferroalloys.
31. The Iron and steel industries of India are set up at places where the raw materials are available. Why?
Iron ore, coal, manganese and limestone are the essential raw materials for the iron and steel industry. All the raw materials of the iron and steel industry are heavy and very difficult to transport to distant places. So iron and steel industries are located where the deposits of raw materials are available.
32. Observe the table to know about some other minerals in India.
• Coal, petroleum and natural gas are major energy resources. These are
called fossil fuels.
34. Explain mineral fuels?
i. Coal
• Coal is the major source of thermal power in India.
• Coal is a major industrial fuel.
• Most of the coal found in India is of a medium-grade of bituminous type.
• West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh are the producing states.
• The largest coalfield in India is Jharia in Jharkhand.
• The less energy-efficient coal namely lignite is found in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu.
ii. Petroleum and natural gas
• Petroleum is the chief energy source for transportation through road, rail or air.
• Other than petrol, diesel, etc. numerous by-products are also obtained from petroleum such as chemical fertilisers, artificial rubber, artificial fibres, vaseline etc.
• Petroleum mining in India started at Digboi in Assam.
• Petroleum-producing states in India are Assam, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
• The largest of the oil fields is the Mumbai High in Maharashtra.
• Natural gas is the fuel obtained along with petroleum. Exclusive reserves of natural gas also exist, especially along the coasts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
35. Petroleum deposits are mostly confined to the coastal regions. Why?
Petroleum deposits are generally formed in sedimentary rock layers. Sedimentary rocks are formed at ocean depths due to the deposition of sediments there. So petroleum deposits are mostly confined to the coastal regions.
36. Nuclear minerals
• Uranium and thorium are major nuclear minerals.
• Uranium –Jharkhand Rajasthan Maharashtra
• Thorium is produced from ilmenite and monazite. It is largely found in the coastal sands of Kerala and Tamilnadu.
37. Major nuclear power plants in India
• Tharapur (Maha Rastra)
• Narora ( Uttar Pradesh)
• Rawatbhata ( Rajasthan)
• Kaiga ( Karnataka)
• Kakapara (Gujarat)
• Kalpakkam and Koodamkulam (Tamilnadu ).
38. Difference between Conventional energy source and Non-Conventional energy source?
• The six-lane superhighways connecting the metropolitan cities in India such as Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata are together named the Golden Quadrangle Super Highway. The National Highway Authority of India is responsible for such roads.
40. Which are the factors that influence road transport in India
• Topography and economic development of the region are the important factors influencing road transport in India
• The influence of topography is a decisive role in the building and development of roads.
• Road network is mainly found in Northern Plains but it is comparatively less in the Himalayan region and in the northeastern states.
• Flat topography is suitable for road transport.
41. The density of roads is moreover the northern plains, but less over the northeastern states. Why?
The construction of roads is less expensive and can be done quickly in the northern plains due to level topography. Moreover, human settlements are more here. The northeastern states have undulated topography, thick forests and fewer human settlements.
42. Roads in India are classified into four based on construction and management. What are they?
i. National Highways
National Highways are the major roads in the country linking the state capitals, major cities, ports etc. The union ministry is responsible for the construction and
management of such roads.
ii. State Highways
State Highways are the major roads connecting the state capitals with the district headquarters. State governments are responsible for the construction and maintenance of such roads.
iii. District Roads
District roads are those linking the district headquarters with the important places within the district. These roads are built and maintained by the district panchayats.
iv. Village Roads
Village roads are those ensuring domestic movement within the villages.
More than 80% of the roads in India are village roads. The construction and maintenance of such roads are done by the local self-government.
43. Which is the National Highways passing through Kerala?
NH 47 (NH 544) – Salem – Kanyakumari
NH 49 (NH 85) – Cochin – Dhanushkodi
NH 17 (NH 66) – Panavel – Edappally
44. Indian Railway
• The largest public sector
• The largest railway network in Asia
• It is important for Cargo as well as passenger transport.
• Rail transport is very less in the northeastern states of India.
• In Kerala, Idukki Wayanad no railway line
• Railways were first introduced to India in the year 1853 from Mumbai to Thane.
• Indian Railways is divided into 16 zones
45. Identify the railway zone to which the rail network of Kerala belongs. Where is its headquarters?
• Southern Railway
• Chennai
46. Rail transport is very less in the northeastern states of India or In Kerala, Idukki Wayanad no railway line Why?
Flat topography is suitable for railway transport but these places are hill resorts
and it is difficult to construct railway lines in the region because of the irregular
topography.
47. Indian railways are classified into three on the basis of Gauge width of rails what are they?
• Broad gauge
• Metre gauge
• Narrow gauge
48. Is there any metro rail project in Kerala?
The only metro rail project in Kerala is the Kochi metro rail project.
49. Reforms have been implemented in India Railway. Write any two examples?
• The complete Rail track is being converted to broad gauge
• The steam Engines have given way to diesel and electronic locomotives
• Metro rail projects in big cities.
50. Write any two advantages of Water transport over road and railway transport?
• The cheapest means of transport.
• Suitable for large-scale cargo transport.
• Does not cause environmental pollution.
• Most suited for international trade.
51. Water transport
• It is classified into two
i. Inland water transport
ii. Marine transport
• Water bodies like rivers lakes canals are used for Inland water transport.
• It is utilised not only for passenger and cargo transport but also for fishing
and tourism.
Inland water transport used regions
• Gang Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries
• Godavari Krishna rivers and their tributaries
• Buckingham canal of Andhra –Tamilnadu region
• Mandovi and Zuvari rivers of Goa
• Backwaters of Kerala
52. Five of the inland waterways in India were declared national waterways after the formation of the Inland Water Transport Authority in 1986. What are they?
i. National Waterway 1 (NW 1) - Allahabad to Haldia in the river Ganga (1620 Km)
ii. National Waterway 2 (NW 2) - Sadia to Dubri in the river Brahmaputra (891 Km)
iii. National Waterway 3 (NW 3) - The west coastal canal in Kerala from Kollam to Kottappuram (205 Km)
iv. National Waterway 4 (NW 4) - Canal from Kakinada to Puducherry linking the Godavari and Krishna (1095 Km)
v. National Waterway 5 (NW 5) - Brahmani - Mahanadi delta river system linked to east cost canal (623 Km)
53. Identify the ports the major ports in India.
West Coast - State
• Kandla - Gujrat
• Mumbai - Maharastra
• Nhava Sheva - Maharastra
• Marmagoa - Goa
• Mangalore - Karnataka
• Kochi - Kerala
East Coast - State
• Tuticorin - Tamilnadu
• Chennai - Tamilnadu
• Visakhapatnam - Andhra Pradesh
• Paradip - Odissa
• Haldia - West Bengal
• Kolkata - West Bengal54. Air transport
The air traffic in India is under the control of the Airport Authority of India. There
are 126 airports including 11 International airports under this establishment. The
international and domestic flight services are handled by the corporation's Air
India and Indian Airlines.
55. How many international airports are there in Kerala? Which are they?
There are 4 international airports in Kerala.
• Trivandrum International Airport. Trivandrum.
• Kochi International Airport, Kochi.
• Karippur International Airport, Kozhikode.
• Kannur International Airport, Kannur.
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