STD 5 Basic Science: Chapter 08 Keeping Diseases at Bay - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual 


Study Notes for Class 5 Basic Science (English Medium) അദ്ധ്യായം 08 അകറ്റിനിര്‍ത്താം രോഗങ്ങളെ | Text Books Solution Basic Science - Chapter 08 Keeping Diseases at Bay| ഈ അധ്യായത്തിന്റെ Teachers Handbook, Teaching Manual എന്നിവ ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യാനുള്ള ലിങ്ക് ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങളുടെ അവസാനം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.   

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Chapter 08: Keeping Diseases at Bay - Questions and Answers, Teaching Manual & Teachers Handbook
1. What causes diseases?
- Diseases are caused by the action of microorganisms like viruses, fungus, and bacteria. Diseases spread when these microorganisms get transmitted from one infected person to another.

2. What are the ways by which the disease-causing microorganisms to get
transmitted from one person to another?
• through water
• through food
• through air
• through creatures

3. What are contagious diseases?
- Diseases transmitted from one person to another are called contagious diseases.

4. Name some contagious diseases in our place?
- Common cold, conjunctivitis, cholera, typhoid, chikungunya, dengue fever, filariasis, jaundice and rat fever (Leptospirosis) are some common contagious diseases in our place.

5. Different diseases spread in different ways.
 Mode of Transmission  Diseases transmitted
  Through air common cold, chicken pox, measles, tuberculosis 
  Through food and water  rat fever, typhoid, cholera, jaundice
  Through housefly cholera, diarrhoea
  Through mosquito filariasis, malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya
  Through contact conjunctivitis, leprosy

6. Write down the favourable situations for the multiplication of mosquitoes?
• Uncovered air pipes of septic tank let mosquitoes into the tank where they lay eggs and multiply.
• Surroundings are left unhygienic and uncleared.
• Stagnation of dirty water in eggshells, coconut shells, mud pots etc.
• Uncovered sewer drains

7. How can we prevent the multiplication of mosquitoes?
• We observe dry day once in a week.
• Keep the house premises clean
• Properly dispose of kitchen waste and burn the dry leaves
• Draining away stagnant water from coconut shells, eggshells, pots etc. 
• Pruning the grass and weeds from the surroundings etc.
• Keep drainage clean and closed

8. We have discussed in detail the measures to prevent the transmission of
diseases by mosquitoes. There are several other ways by which diseases are
transmitted. How can we prevent them? Complete the table using hints from the picture.
 Modes of transmission of diseases  Precautions to be taken
  Through mosquito • Avoid stagnation of dirty water
 • Pruning weeds and grass in house premises
 • Use mosquito nets
  Through housefly • Keep the house and premises clean
 • Keep food covered
 • Clean the drainage
 • Properly dispose of kitchen waste
  Through food and water  • Drink only boiled and cooled water
 • Avoid intake of stale food
 • Avoid artificial food & drinks
 • Keep water resources clean
  Through contact • Stay away from infected persons
 • Do not use the things of others who are infected
  Through air • Cover your mouth and nose with a towel when you sneeze

9.  Microorganisms are useful in many ways. But they are harmful also. What are the harmful effects caused by microorganisms?
- Microorganisms cause many diseases.

10. How are microorganisms useful to us?
• Turning milk into curd.
• Fermentation of rice batter.
• Converting atmospheric nitrogen into salts in the soil, which are easily absorbed by plants.
• Decomposing faecal matter into the soil.
• Used in the industries of milk products, vinegar, jute, tobacco, leather etc.
• Utilised in the field of medicine.

11. What will happen if the microorganisms become extinct?
• Dead bodies accumulate on the surface of the earth. It causes many problems.
• Faecal matters do not decompose.
• Milk did not turn into curd etc.

12. Who developed Superbugs?
- Anand Mohan Chakrabarty

13. What are the uses of superbugs?
- These bacteria feed on oil and so they are used to prevent the contamination of sea by the oil spilled from ships.

14. Why all people residing in the same area are not affected by diseases in the same way?
- The human body has an innate ability to resist many diseases this ability is not the same for all persons.

15. What is Vaccination?
- Vaccination is used for providing artificial immunity to the body against diseases

16. Write any two services provided by the health department?
• They implement the schedule of vaccinations.
• They conduct seminars relating to the contagious diseases

17. We have discussed Dry day observance and sanitation activities to be carried out in and around our houses for protecting our health. In addition, there are a few other things to be carried out individually and socially to protect yourself from diseases. Complete the table 
Personal hygiene habits  Social hygiene
 • Wash your hands and mouth well before and after food.
 • Cut nails once a week
 • Wash hands with soap after going to the toilet
 • Wear clean clothes.
 • Never eat fruits without washing them properly
 • Go to bed at night only after brushing your teeth		 • Do not dump garbage or other wastes in public places or in water bodies.
 • Keep the premises clean.
 • Do not allow waste matter and water to accumulate in drains
 • Cover your mouth with a handkerchief while sneezing or coughing.

Let us Assess
1. Which of the following statements do you agree to?
a. All microorganisms do not cause disease.✔
b. All diseases can be kept at bay by keeping personal hygiene✔
c. By observing dry day once a week, we can prevent, to a certain extent, diseases caused by mosquitoes.✔
d. All vaccines are injected.

2. We have understood why there is an increase in diseases during the rainy season. What are the precautions to be taken before rainy season to avoid this?
• Keep the house premises clean
• Properly dispose of kitchen waste and burn the dry leaves
• Draining away stagnant water from coconut shells, eggshells, pots etc. 
• Pruning the grass and weeds from the surroundings etc.

3. Do you think that medicines alone can prevent diseases? Substantiate your opinion.
No, Medicines alone cant's prevent diseases.
To prevent diseases we should keep Personal hygiene, Drink pure water and eat nutritious food, Do proper exercise, Keep our surroundings clean.

4. Prepare an essay on the topic, ‘If microorganisms become extinct’.
- If there are no microorganisms, dead bodies and wastes are undestroyed. Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi break organic remains and add them to the soil. The nutrients formed as a result of decomposition further become available for the growth of plants. The destruction of these organisms causes a lack of pure air, water, and the destruction of the environment. We can't live without microorganisms. They turn milk into curd, fermentation of rice batter. They are used in the field of medicine, and industries like jute, leather, etc.

5. ‘Prevention is better than cure’ - Explain this idea in relation to vaccination, personal hygiene and social hygiene.
- Prevention is better than cure. Providing artificial immunity to the body against diseases is common nowadays. Vaccinations are used for this.
All diseases can be kept at bay by keeping personal hygiene. 
We are all careful about keeping personal hygiene. But, we are not equally careful in the case of social hygiene. There are some people in our locality who throw away domestic waste and other waste in public places and water bodies. This causes water pollution and transmits contagious diseases. So properly dispose of wastes.
Each person should eat nutritious food and do exercises regularly.





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