Kerala Syllabus Class 7 Basic Science: Chapter 01 Towards A Hundredfold Yield - Questions and Answers


Questions and Answers for Class 7 Basic Science (English Medium) വിളയിക്കാം നൂറുമേനി | Text Books Solution Basic Science (English Medium) Chapter 01 Towards A Hundredfold Yield - Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook
ഈ അധ്യായത്തിന്റെ Teachers Handbook, Teaching Manual എന്നിവ ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യാനുള്ള ലിങ്ക് ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങളുടെ അവസാനം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.

ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് ഉടമയുടെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.

Std 7: Basic Science Chapter 01: Towards A Hundredfold Yield - Questions and Answers
1. What are the factors to be considered for getting a good yield
besides nurturing?
The other factors to be considered are:
• Good seeds/planting materials should be used
• Fertile soil
• Favourable climate
• Pests and weeds should be controlled.
• Fertilization and irrigation should be done.

2. Which stage is suitable for collecting seeds – the first formed mid-formed or those formed, at the end of its, growing stage?
- Seeds should be collected from the ripened fruits produced during the middle of the plant's lifespan.

3. What are the factors to be considered while selecting seeds? put a tick mark in the appropriate box.
Good quality seeds should be selected for better yield. For this, the respective plant and fruit should also have good quality.
4. From which parts of these plants do saplings form?
• curry leaf plant - seeds, root, stem
• ginger plant - stem
• bryophyllum - leaf
• pepper plant - stem

5. Differentiate sexual reproduction and vegetative propagation?
• Seeds are formed through sexual reproduction. Seedlings are germinated from seeds.
• The formation of new saplings from the vegetative parts like root, stem leaf and underground stem is called vegetative propagation. This is a kind of a sexual reproduction.

6. Write examples for plants formed through sexual reproduction and vegetative propagation.
• Sexual reproduction: Peas, Green chilly, Tomato, Pumpkin, Papaya
• Vegetative propagation: Potato, Sweet Potato, Garlic, Ginger, Rose

7. Find out examples for plants which reproduce through vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction. 
8. Find more examples of plants which can reproduce both through sexual reproduction and vegetative propagation?
• Sheemakonna (Gliricidia)
• Muringa
• Curry Leaf
• China rose
• Teak 

9. What is the process of Layering?
1) Select a pencil-sized stem of the mother plant. It is better to select it from the main stem. Make a cut of 2-3 cm in length in a circular shape on the bark between two nodes of this stem.

2) Apply a slightly wet mixture of cocopeat, soil and cow dung powder to this area. Wrap this area with a polythene bag. Water the area if required.

3)  Roots will sprout in the area of layering within two months. Cut the stem just below the area of layering and this can be planted in a flower pot or grow bag. When it starts growing, it can be replanted in the soil.

10. What is layering?
Layering is the practice of producing plantlets by cutting and planting the stem of a mother plant after generating roots from it.

11. Layering is effective in plants like
a) Jasmine
b) Rose
c) Hibiscus
d) cashew 
e) sapota
12. What is serpentine layering?
In plants like pepper, layering can be done by bending the long branches into the soil and covering the branches with soil at intervals (nodes). In this way, multiple saplings can be produced simultaneously from a single branch.
13. list out the advantages and disadvantages of plants produced through layering.  
● Advantages
• Possess the qualities of mother plant
• Early flowering and fruiting
● Disadvantages
• Small size and short lifespan
• Absence of taproot system
• Require more care

14 What is Grafting?
Grafting is a method of production of saplings by joining the stem of a superior quality plant with another plant that has roots and belongs to the same species. Plant that has roots selected for grafting is called rootstock and the stem which is joined to it is called scion.


15. The rooted plant selected for grafting is called
Answer: Stock

16. The branch selected for grafting is called
Answer: scion

17. Explain the process of grafting
• Choose a mango plant of Moovandan variety of six months to one year. This plant with roots is called root stock.
• Cut a stem that has the same size as the rootstock from a high-yielding tree of Neelam variety. This is called scion. A stem which has newly formed buds should be selected as scion.
• Cut the root stock at 15cm from the bottom to join the scion. Make a 4cm deep cut along the centre of this root stock using a knife.
• Make tapered cuts on both sides at the bottom of the scion 
• Insert the scion into the gap made in the root stock and bind it with a polythene tape. Once the scion gets joined with the stock and begins to grow, the sapling can be replanted at a more convenient place. 

18. What are the advantages of producing saplings through grafting? 
• Early flowering and fruiting
• Disease resistance
• Improved  yield

19. A sapling is to be produced through grafting using Malgoa and Gomav which is an indigenous variety of mango tree. Which should be the rootstock? Which would be the scion?
• rootstock - Gomav
• scion - Malgoa

20. what is Budding?
Budding is the method of producing superior quality planting material by
joining the bud of a superior quality plant with another plant that has roots
and belongs to the same species.

21. What is the process of Budding?
• Stage 1
Chisel off a bud along with the bark from the branch of a superior quality jack fruit tree. This is the scion.
• Stage 2
Peel off bark from the area where the bud is to be inserted in the native jack fruit tree sapling (root stock) which is grown in a pot/growbag.
• Stage 3
Attach the scion with a polythene tape to the area of the root stock from where the bark was removed, keeping the bud exposed.
• Stage 4
When the bud starts to grow well, remove the upper portion of the stock. The sapling can be replanted in soil when the bud is grown.

22. Examine the stages of artificial pollination  
• To prevent self pollination, remove stamens from the flowers in which artificial pollination is to be done.
• The flower is wrapped well to prevent the pollen grains from other flowers falling on it.
• Pollen grains from flowers of a plant belonging to the same species, but having different qualities, are collected using a brush.
• Pollen grains thus collected are deposited on the stigma of the flower which is to be pollinated artificially.
• The flower is wrapped again to prevent pollination
23. What is hybridisation?
Hybridization is the method of production of seeds by artificially pollinating two plants which have different qualities and belong to the same species. From the seeds thus produced, those with superior quality are collected. These are the hybrid seeds.
24. Which are the Major Agricultural Research centres?
• Kerala Agricultural University (KAU), Mannuthi, Thrissur
Kerala Agricultural University is an important agricultural research centre in Kerala. The main activities are conducting researches on varieties of crops, animals, birds etc. and knowledge dissemination programmes. 
Regional Research Centres of Kerala
• Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI), Sreekaryam,
Thiruvananthapuram  
Cultivation and researches on tuber crops are conducted here.
• Rubber Research Institute of India (RRII), Kottayam
Develops high yielding varieties of rubber plants suited for different
geographical areas.
• Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod
Conducts researches on coconut, arecanut and cocoa.
• The Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR), Kozhikode
Major Institute devoted to research on spices
• Regional Research Centres of Kerala Agricultural University
25. Can good quality seeds alone give a better yield? What other things are to be considered for a better yield? 
• Fertile soil
• Pest control
• Weed control
• Good climate
• Proper manuring
• Proper Irrigation

26. Proper application of fertilizers is required for better yield. Which are the fertilizers commonly used by the farmers of your locality?
• Cow dung
• Urea
• Compost manure
• Bone meal
• Green manure
• Fish manure,
• Poultry droppings, 
• Goat droppings, 
27. Complete the table
Organic FertilizerChemical Fertilizer
CowdungUrea
Chicken ManureNPK Misture
CompostAmmonium Nitrate
BonemealSuperphosphate
28. Who is known as the father of the Green Revolution
Dr. M.S. Swaminathan

29. Which method can be applied for using organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer?
Organic and chemical fertilizers have their own merits and demerits. So the mixed method of applying more organic fertilizers and lesser quantity of chemical fertilizers is more desirable.

30. Difference between organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers
31. What is Microbial Fertilizer?
In this method of application of fertilizer, microbes are used as fertilizers.
examples -Pseudomonas, Azospirillum

32. Give Examples of Chemical Pesticides and Organic Pesticides?
• Chemical Pesticides: DDT, Endosulfdan, Carbofuran, Malathion
• Organic Pesticides: Tobacco decoction, neem oil emulsion, garlic-kanthari (Chilli) mixture

33. What are the different methods of pest control in plants?
• Biological Control
Ladybug is an insect which eats the pests that grow on plants. Trichogramma is another friendly insect of this kind. Similarly Frog, Mabuya, Calotes, Bug etc. feed on pests which infest crops. This kind of pest control is called biological control. 
• Mechanical Control
The method of controlling pests by removing them manually or using traps is called mechanical control. Pheromone trap is an example for this. 
• Pesticides
Pesticides are of two types: chemical pesticides and organic pesticides.
• Chemical pesticides 
These are pesticides prepared using chemical substances.
• Organic pesticides
Organic pesticides are comparatively less harmful than chemical pesticides. Tobacco decoction, neem oil emulsion, garlic-kanthari (Chilli) mixture etc. are some organic pesticides.

34. Explain how to prepare Tobacco Decoction.
Chop 100 gram of tobacco and soak it in one and half litres of water for a day. Squeeze it and filter it. Dissolve 10 gram of washing soap in it. Tobacco decoction is ready now. Dilute it by adding twice the quantity of water and spray on plants. 

35. How can weeds be controlled? 
• Application of weedicides
• Picking weeds by hand
• by chopping and dropping weeds

36. Other Agricultural Sectors
• Sericulture- Rearing silkworm
• Floriculture - Growing Flowers
• Apiculture -Rearing Honeybee
• Pisciculture- Rearing Fishes
• Cuniculture-Rearing Rabbits
• Mushroom culture-Cultivating Mushroom
• Poultry farming-Rearing Poultry
• Livestock Rearing -Rearing Cattle




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