Kerala Syllabus Class 5 Basic Science: Chapter 02 Away from Diseases - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual
Questions and Answers for Class 5 Basic Science (English Medium) വ്യാധികൾ പടരാതിരിക്കാൻ | Text Books Solution Basic Science (English Medium) Chapter 02 Away from Diseases. ഈ യൂണിറ്റിന്റെ Teachers Manual & Teachers Handbook എന്നിവയുടെ ലിങ്ക് ഈ പേജിന്റെ അവസാന ഭാഗത്തു നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.
Away from Diseases - Textual Questions and Answers & Model Questions
ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് ഉടമയുടെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.
♦ Write the names of diseases you know in your science diary.
Are they all communicable?
Complete the table by adding more diseases.
| Communicable diseases | Non-communicable diseases |
| • Dengue fever • Jaundice • Chickenpox • Chikungunya • Cholera • Leprosy • Tuberculosis • Measles | • Cancer • Diabetes • Heart disease • Kidney stone • Asthma • Cataract • Hypertension • Epilepsy |
♦ What are Communicable diseases?
Communicable diseases are those which spread from one person to others.
♦ What causes communicable diseases?
Pathogens
♦ What are Pathogens?
Most communicable diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi that cannot be seen with the naked eyes. They are called pathogens because they cause diseases.
♦ Find more instances where microorganisms are beneficial and write them in your science diary.
• Dosa batter is fermented by certain bacteria.
• Bacteria and fungi break down organic matter and add it to the soil.
• Turning milk into curd.
• Fermentation of rice batter.
• Converting atmospheric nitrogen into salts in the soil, which are easily absorbed by plants.
• Decomposing faecal matter into the soil.
• Used in the industries of milk products, vinegar, jute, tobacco, leather etc.
• Utilised in the field of medicine.
♦ Observe the illustration and find out the situations in which diseases
spread.
body?
• Through mosquito
• Through housefly
• Through food and water
• Through contact
• Through air
Complete the idea chart.
♦ What are Vectors
Vectors are organisms that bring disease-carrying microorganisms into our body. Housefly, rat flea, mosquito, bats, etc. are some of the vector organisms.
♦ Write down the conditions in which vectors multiply.
| Vectors | Conditions in which they multiply |
|---|---|
| Housefly | Houeflies breed in decaying organic waste. |
| Mosquito | Mosquitoes breed in discarded plastic bags, bottles, coconut shells and stagnant water. |
| Rat | The remains of food thrown out attract rats. The unclean surroundings also attract them. |
♦ What can we do to control vectors?
• Keep house and surroundings clean
• Keep food items closed
• Do not throw garbage in public places
• Avoid waterlogging
• Do not throw away plastic covers and bottles
• Keep drainage clean and closed
♦ How can we avoid the breeding and multiplication of mosquitos?
• Observe dry day once a week.
• Keep the house premises clean
• Properly dispose of kitchen waste and burn the dry leaves
• Draining away stagnant water from coconut shells, eggshells, pots etc.
• Pruning the grass and weeds from the surroundings etc.
• Keep drainage clean and closed
♦ What are the precautions to avoid mosquito bites?
• Keep doors and windows closed in the evening.
Use mosquito nets
Use mosquito bat
Fogging
♦ List the situations in which diseases are transmitted and the precautions to be taken to prevent them.
♦ Do communicable diseases affect only humans? Find out the diseases that affect plants and organisms.
• Diseases that affect plants
| Animals | Diseases |
| Birds | Bird flu |
| Cow, goat | Anthrax |
| Dog, Cat | Rabies |
| Cattle | Foot-and-mouth disease |
• Diseases that affect plants
| Plants | Diseases |
| Coconut tree | Bud rot |
| Paddy | Blight |
| Pea | Mosaic |
| Plantain | Bunchy top |
| Tomato | Blight |
| Vegetables | Mildew |
♦ Which of these are good health habits? Tick them.
• Wash hands only after meals.
• Brush teeth every night after meals✔
• Do not trim the nails of feet and hands.
• Use footwear when walking outside✔
• Eat fruits that are gnawed by birds.
• Do not consume snacks and drinks kept open✔
• Spit in public places.
• Bathe daily✔
♦ What is Immunity?
• Our bodies naturally have the ability to control and fight pathogens
once they enter the body. This is called natural immunity.
• The body is unable to develop natural immunity against some
communicable diseases such as polio and hepatitis B. We need to take
vaccinations to avoid such diseases. Vaccinations give immunity. This is called acquired immunity.
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♦ Vaccination chart - Preventive vaccines
| Name of the vaccine | Age | Disease |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Hepatitis B Hep B | At birth | Polio Tuberculosis Hepatitis |
| OPV 1 Rota Virus Vaccine RVV1 Pentavalent 1 FIPV 1 Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine PCV1 | 6 weeks | Polio Rota Virus Disease *5 Diseases Polio Pneumonia |
| OPV 2 RVV 2 Pentavalent 2 | 10 weeks | Polio Rotavirus disease *5 Diseases |
| OPV 3 RVV 3 Pentavalent 3 FIPV 2 PCV 2 | 14 weeks | Polio Rotavirus disease *5 Diseases Polio Pneumonia |
| MR 1 PCV Booster Vitamin A FIPV 3 | 9 months | Measles, Rubella Pneumonia Health of eyes Polio |
| MR 2 OPV Booster DPT Booster Vitamin A-2 | 16-24 months | Measles, Rubella Polio *3 Diseases Health of eyes |
| DPT Booster 2 | 5-6 years | *3 Diseases |
| TD 1 | 10 years | Tetanus Diphtheria |
| TD 2 | 10 years | Tetanus Diphtheria |
*3 Diseases - The diseases prevented by the DPT vaccine - Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus
Let us assess
1. Write down five decisions you have taken to maintain personal hygiene.
• I take a shower every day to keep my body clean and fresh.
• I wash my hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating.
• I brush my teeth at least twice a day.
• I clean my hands with soap and after going to the toilet.
• I wear clean clothes every day and wash my clothes regularly
• I trim my nails regularly and ensure my hair is clean and well-kept.
2. Personal and social hygiene are important in preventing communicable diseases. Do you agree with this statement? Please elaborate.
Yes, I agree with this statement.
Personal hygiene habits help to remove germs and pathogens from the body and prevent the spread of infections. Social hygiene helps to prevent the transmission of diseases through contaminated environments and reduces the risk of outbreaks and epidemics. By adopting good personal and social hygiene practices, individuals can reduce the risk of spreading communicable diseases.
3. Do you agree with the following precautions that we should take to control vector-borne diseases?
o Eliminate conditions that cause sewage accumulation.
o Disposal of garbage in public places.
o If water retention is unavoidable, breed fish such as Guppy and Gambusia in it.
o Food items need not be kept covered.
o Use food items only after washing.
o Drink boiled water.
o Keep the house and surroundings clean.
o Practise proper waste disposal at source.
Answer:
o Eliminate conditions that cause sewage accumulation.
o If water retention is unavoidable, breed fish such as Guppy and Gambusia in it.
o Drink boiled water.
o Keep the house and surroundings clean.
o Practise proper waste disposal at source.
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