Kerala Syllabus Class 7 Basic Science: Chapter 05 Human Body: A Wonder Digestion and Respiration - Questions and Answers


Questions and Answers for Class 7 Basic Science (English Medium) മനുഷ്യശരീരം ഒരു വിസ്‌മയം: ദഹനവും, ശ്വസനവും | Text Books Solution Basic Science (English Medium) Chapter 05 Human Body: A Wonder  Digestion and Respiration - Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook

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ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്‌മിൻറ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.

Std 7: Basic Science Chapter 04: Human Body: A Wonder Digestion and Respiration - Questions and Answers
♦ Compile a list of the organisms you have observed and their respective food.
Name of the organism Food
• Cow• Grass
• Straw
• Goat• Leaves
• Banana peel
• Cat• Mice 
• Fish 
• Bear• Honey 
• Fish
• Rabbit• Carrot
• Leaves 
• Human• Cooked rice
• Fish
♦ Classify the living organisms into herbivore, carnivore and omnivore. 
 Herbivores
(eat plants)		 Carnivores
(eat meat):		 Omnivores
(eat both plants and meat)
 • Cow
 • Elephant
 • Rabbit
 • Deer 
 • Giraffe		 • Lion
 • Tiger
 • Tiger
 • Shark
 • Wolf		 • Human
 • Bear
 • Pig
 • Crow
 • Dog

♦ What is Nutrition?
Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain and utilize food.

♦ What is Ingestion?
• There are 5 stages in nutrition. 
• The first stage is ingestion. 
• The food first reaches the mouth. 

♦ What are the changes that occur to food in the mouth?
● It mixes with saliva.
● Food is chewed with the help of teeth
● Digestion begins in the mouth

♦ What is the role of lips, tongue and teeth in ingestion?
• Lips - To prevent food from spilling out
• Tooth - to chew 
• Tongue - to move food between the teeth, to taste

♦ ------------ is the outermost layer of the tooth. 
Enamel 

♦ The hardest substance in the human body.
Enamel 

♦ Teeth
• Teeth are used to masticate food. 
• The structure and arrangement of teeth is suitable for biting, chewing and grinding food.
• Enamel is the outermost layer of the tooth. 
• It is also the hardest substance in the human body.

♦ What is Milk Teeth?
• In infants, teeth development starts around the age of six months. These teeth are known as milk teeth. 
• Ten milk teeth each develop at the upper and lower jaws (in total 20).

♦ What is Permanent Teeth?
• Permanent teeth are those that replace milk teeth when they fall off. 
• If permanent teeth break or fall off, new teeth will not grow in its place.
♦ Tabulate the position and use of different types of teeth.
 Different types
of teeth 		 Position and number Uses
 • Incisor • Eight incisors in front;
four in the upper jaw and
four in the lower jaw.		 • To bite and tear
food items. 
 • Canine • Four canines adjacent to
incisors on both sides; two
in the upper and two in the
lower jaws.		 • To tear and
cut food.
 • Premolar • Eight premolars adjacent to
canines; two on both sides, in
the upper and lower jaws.		 • To chew and
grind food.
 • Molar • Twelve molar teeth near the
premolars on both sides at the back.
Six in the upper jaw and six
in the lower jaw.		 • To chew and
grind food.

♦ The generic name for molars and premolars is --------------.
molars

♦ How closely is the shape of the teeth related to their food habits in carnivorous and herbivorous animals?
• The canines of carnivores are much developed and it helps in biting and tearing meat. 
• Incisors in herbivores help to bite and tear the food and premolars and molars, to masticate the food.

♦ Tooth Decay
Tooth enamel is a calcium compound. It reacts with acid and gets damaged gradually, causing tooth decay.

♦ What is the reason for dental caries?
If we don’t clean the mouth properly after having food, bacteria will feed on the food particles struck between the teeth. This will result in lactic acid production and damage the teeth. 

♦ Lactic acid is a very weak acid. How does it cause tooth decay? 
Enamel is a calcium compound, it reacts with lactic acid and causes tooth decay.

♦ What are the functions of the tongue?
• Helps in swallowing.
• Tongue helps to move food inside the mouth so that teeth can chew it.
• The taste buds on the tongue help us to sense taste.

♦ Saliva also plays an important role in the digestive process. Saliva is produced from ----------------.
Salivary glands

♦ To which part of the digestive system does food first reach from the mouth?
Oesophagus
♦ What is oesophagus?
• The oesophagus is a long tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. 
• It is made of muscles.
• The chewed food reaches the stomach through the oesophagus.

♦ What is peristalsis?
The wave-like movement of the oesophageal wall helps food to reach the stomach. This movement is called peristalsis.

♦ What is Digestion?
• Digestion is the process in which the organic factors present in the food are broken down to simple components that can be absorbed by the body. 
• Digestion is the second stage of nutrition.

♦ What are the changes that occur to food in the stomach?
• Digestion is the second stage of nutrition. 
• It takes place partially in the stomach where food remains for 4 to 5 hours. 
• Due to the peristaltic movement of the stomach wall, the food is turned into a paste form. 
• Gastric juice, produced by glands in the stomach wall facilitates digestion. • Stomach wall also produces small amount of hydrochloric acid which helps in protein digestion and pathogen destruction.

♦ What are the digestive processes occur in the small intestine?
• Human small intestine is five to six meters long. 
• The absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine.
• Bile produced by the liver and the pancreatic juice produced by the pancreas is mixed with partially digested food in the first part of the small intestine and completes the digestion of food.

♦ How do the nutrients in the digested food get absorbed into the blood?
• Villi are the small finger-like projections present in the wall of small intestine.
• Nutrients in the digested food are absorbed into the blood through the villi.

♦ What is absorption?
• The process of the digested food being received into the body is absorption. 
• This is the third stage in nutrition

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♦ What is assimilation?
• The nutrients that reached the blood become part of the body. 
• This is the fourth stage of nutrition and this process is called assimilation.

♦ The digested food will also have substances not needed by the body. How they are eliminated?
• After the absorption of nutrients, the residues in the digested food move to the large intestine.
• Water and some salts are absorbed into the large intestine from the digestive waste as needed by body. 
• Later the digestive waste stored in the rectum is egested through the anus. 

♦ What is egestion?
• The process of digestive waste removal from our body is called egestion. 
• This is the fifth stage of nutrition.

♦ Complete the flow chart showing the various stages of nutrition.
• Ingestion ⟶ Digestion ⟶ absorption ⟶ Assimilation ⟶ Egestion
♦ Observe the diagrammatic representation of human digestive system. Write the names and functions of the labelled parts.
● A - Mouth
• The food first reaches the mouth. 
• It mixes with saliva.
• Food is chewed with the help of teeth
• Digestion begins in the mouth

● B -  Oesophagus
• The oesophagus is a long tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. 
• It is made of muscles.
• The chewed food reaches the stomach through the oesophagus.

● C - Stomach
• Due to the peristaltic movement of the stomach wall, the food is turned into a paste form. 
• Gastric juice, produced by glands in the stomach wall facilitates digestion. • Stomach wall also produces small amount of hydrochloric acid which helps in protein digestion and pathogen destruction.

● D - Small intestine
• The absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine.
• Bile produced by the liver and the pancreatic juice produced by the pancreas is mixed with partially digested food and completes the digestion of food.
• Villi are small finger-like projections in the wall of the small intestine. They absorb nutrients in digested food into the blood.

● E - Large intestine
• After the absorption of nutrients, the residues in the digested food move to the large intestine. 
• Water and some salts are absorbed into the large intestine from the digestive waste as needed by body.

● F - Rectum
The digestive waste stored in the rectum is egested through the anus. 

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