Kerala Syllabus Class 7 Basic Science: Chapter 07 Human Body- A Wonder - Circulation, Excretion and Nervous Co-ordination - Questions and Answers


Questions and Answers for Class 7 Basic Science (English Medium) താപം നിത്യജീവിതത്തിൽ | Text Books Solution Basic Science (English Medium) Chapter 07 Human Body- A Wonder - Circulation, Excretion and Nervous Co-ordination - Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook

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ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്‌മിൻറ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.

Std 7: Basic Science Chapter 07: Human Body- A Wonder - Circulation, Excretion and Nervous Co-ordination - Questions and Answers

♦ Why are some drugs and glucose injected directly into the blood? 
The drugs and glucose injected directly into the blood reach all parts of the body

♦ The nutrients that are released when the food is completely digested in the
small intestine and the oxygen that reaches the lungs as a result of breathing
should reach the cells. How do they reach the cells?
All these functions are performed by blood. 

♦ What is the circulatory system?
The system which consists of blood, blood vessels and heart is the circulatory system.

♦ Write down the parts of human circulatory system.
• blood 
• blood vessels 
• heart

♦ What is the important function of the circulatory system?
An important function of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients and oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body, and also to carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from different parts of the body to the heart.

♦ Why is blood red in colour?
The red colour of the blood is due to the presence of a pigment called haemoglobin. Iron and protein are the main components of haemoglobin. 

♦ Name the food items containing iron. 
• Dates
• Egg
• Moringa leaves
• Spinach
• Beans
• Broccoli
• Pumpkin seeds

♦ How important is it to include iron-rich foods in your diet?
Haemoglobin plays an important role in carrying oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. Iron and protein are the main components of haemoglobin. So it is important to include iron-rich foods in our diet.

♦ Write a note about the major components of blood.
● Plasma
 • The liquid part of blood 
 • Pale yellow in colour
 • Carries glucose to the cells

● Platelet
 • Helps in blood clotting

● WBC (White Blood Cell)
 • No definite shape
 • Has nucleus
 • Destroys pathogens

● RBC (Red Blood Cell) 
 • Disc-shaped
 • Non-nucleated
 • Contains haemoglobin
 • Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

♦ Which is the liquid part of blood?
Plasma

♦ Which are the blood cells?
• Platelet
• WBC (White Blood Cell)
• RBC (Red Blood Cell) 
♦ What is the function of platelets?
Platelets help in blood clotting

♦ In which blood cell is haemoglobin found?
RBC (Red Blood Cell) 

♦ Differentiate RBC and WBC
● WBC (White Blood Cell)
 • No definite shape
 • Has nucleus
 • Destroys pathogens

● RBC (Red Blood Cell) 
 • Disc-shaped
 • Non-nucleated
 • Contains haemoglobin
 • Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

♦ How many types of blood vessels are there in our body?
• Arteries 
• Veins 
• Capillaries

♦ Arteries
Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to different parts of the body.

♦ Veins 
Veins are the blood vessels that carry carbon dioxide - rich blood from different parts of the body to the heart. 

♦ Capillaries
Capillaries are the thin blood vessels that connect arteries and veins.

♦ Heart
The heart is the centre of the circulatory system. It pumps blood to all parts of the body. The heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs. It is protected by the ribs.

♦ What are the characteristics of human heart?
• The heart is about the size of a clenched fist.
• The heart is covered by a double-layered membrane called pericardium.
• The human heart has four chambers.
♦ Heartbeat 
Heartbeat is defined as the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart muscles. The heart of a healthy adult beats 72 times per minute. This is heart rate. 

♦ Pulse
Pulse is the wave produced in the artery as a result of heartbeat. The heart rate and pulse rate are equal.

♦ Which are the body parts that are examined to feel pulse? 
• The wrist
• Both sides of the forehead
• side of the neck
• inside of the elbow
• top portion of the foot

♦ The instrument used to check the heartbeat?
Stethoscope

♦ Who invented the Stethoscope?
Rene Laennec.

♦ What are the things we should take care of to maintain a healthy heart?
We can protect the health of the heart through good food habits, regular exercise and better lifestyles.

♦ What things harm heart health?
• Regular intake of fatty foods 
• Smoking and drinking liquor
• Lifestyle diseases
• Lack of regular exercise

♦ What first aid can be given to a person who is injured? 
• Clean the wound with fresh water.
• Press the wound with your hand.
• If the wound is on the hand, hold it up.
• If bleeding doesn’t stop, wrap the wound with a clean cloth or bandage.
• Get medical help quickly. 

♦ A healthy person has about ---------- litres of blood in his body. 
5.5 litres

♦ World Heart Day
September 29

♦ Blood donation
Blood donation is the voluntary donation of blood by a person to another or for further use through its scientific preservation.

♦ What is Excretion?
Excretion is the process of elimination of urea, excess water, salts etc. that are  produced in the body as a result of life processes.
♦ Kidney
• Kidneys are the most important excretory organs in our body. 
• They act as filters in the human body.
• Kidneys are bean-shaped and are located in the abdominal cavity on either side of the vertebral column.
• Kidneys play an important role in maintaining the proper concentration of water and salts in the body.

♦ Which blood vessel carries blood to the kidneys?
The renal artery carries blood to the kidneys. 

♦ Which blood vessel carries blood back from the kidneys?
renal vein

♦ How does the blood in the renal artery differ from that in the renal vein?
The renal artery carries blood to the kidneys. This blood contains urea, glucose, salts, oxygen and other components. But the blood returning through the renal vein after filtration contains comparatively less amount of urea, glucose, salts, oxygen, and other components. 

♦ Which tube carries urine from the kidneys? 
Ureter

♦ In which part of the excretory system is urine collected?
Urinary Bladder

♦ The average daily output of urine from a healthy person is - ---------litres.
1.5 

♦ What are the health problems that will occur if you don’t drink enough water and urinate at regular intervals?
Proper functioning of the kidneys requires adequate intake of water. If we don’t urinate for a long time, pathogens will get multiplied in the urethra and bladder, leading to infection. Which causes pain in lower abdomen and a burning sensation while urinating.

♦ What are the measures we should take care of to protect the health of our kidneys?
• Give up smoking and drinking liquor
• Exercise daily
• Avoid overuse of artificial drinks
• Reduce excess use of salt
• Reduce the use of unnecessary medicines
• Drink at least 12 glasses of water daily

♦ What are the means to save someone suffering from kidney failure. 
• Dialysis
• Kidney Transplantation

♦ Kidney Transplantation
• Kidney transplantation is the process of transplanting one kidney from a healthy donor to a person whose both kidneys are impaired. 
• Kidney transplantation will be possible only if certain vital factors, including the blood group of the donor and the recipient, are compatible. 
• Any healthy person above 18 years can donate a kidney.
♦ What materials are expelled from the body through sweat?
• Water
• Salt

♦ Sweat
• Sweat is produced by sweat glands in the skin. 
• Excess water and salt in the body are eliminated through sweat. 
• The heat to evaporate sweat is taken from our body. 
• Sweating thus helps in our temperature regulation. 

♦ What are the functions of skin?
• Sweat is produced by sweat glands in the skin. Excess water and salt in the body are eliminated through sweat. 
• Protecting the body by covering it and sensing touch are also the functions of skin.

♦ Skin must be thoroughly cleansed while bathing. why?
Sweat comes out from the sweat glands through the minute pores in the skin. If the sweat accumulates in the skin, it will cause diseases. Therefore, skin must be thoroughly cleansed while bathing. 

♦ Liver
• Liver is the largest gland in the human body. 
• It destroys the harmful chemical substances reaching through the blood.
• Bile that is essential to digest fats is also synthesized in the liver. 
• When nutrients break down ammonia which is harmful to the body, is produced.
• Liver converts this into urea, which is comparatively less toxic.

♦ Which organ eliminates carbon dioxide produced in the cells?
Lungs eliminate the carbon dioxide produced in the cells.

♦ Name the largest gland in the human body.
Liver
 
♦ Which chemical substance is produced by the liver?
Bile

♦ What are the functions of the liver?
• It destroys the harmful chemical substances reaching through the blood.
• Bile that is essential to digest fats is also synthesized in the liver. 
• Liver converts harmful ammonia produced by the break down of nutrients into less toxic urea.

♦ Nervous System
• Nervous system helps us to respond according to the circumstances. 
• It is composed of the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
• Brain is the most important organ in the body. 
• It is protected inside the skull. 
• The brain is the centre of vision, hearing, memory, intelligence, imagination and emotions.
• All the body functions are controlled and coordinated by the nervous system.  
• The use of alcohol and drugs, adversely affects the functions of the nervous system.

♦ What are the main functions of the brain?
• Some of the  major functions of the brain are: to control movements of various muscles of the body, coordinate all activities of the body and give instructions to the cells. 
• The brain is the centre of vision, hearing, memory, intelligence, imagination and emotions.

♦ Name the bony covering that protects the brain?
Skull

♦ What are the main parts of the nervous system?
The brain, spinal cord and nerves.
♦ What is Adolescence?
The adolescence period is from the age of 10 to 19 years. Biologically, it is a period
with many peculiarities. 

♦ What are the characteristics of Adolescence?
As a natural biological process, many physical changes occur during this period. Brain development, sudden increase in height and weight, increased efficiency of glands etc. are the characteristics of this period. 

♦ What are the physical changes that take place during Adolescence? 
♦ What is Menstruation?
Many kinds of preparations for reproduction take place in the uterus of a woman every month. Numerous blood vessels and tissues develop in the inner layer of uterus. If pregnancy does not happen, these preparations become futile. Then the newly formed blood vessels and tissues collapse. Blood vessels and tissues shedded off from the uterine wall gets expelled from the body along with blood. This process is called menstruation. 

♦ How many days of menstrual bleeding may last?
seven days.

♦ Menstrual cycle is a normal physiological process that occurs in every -------- days.
28 

♦ What methods do girls adopt to manage menstrual blood?
They use sanitary napkins, clothes or menstrual cup to manage menstrual blood

♦ Write the advantages and disadvantages of using sanitary napkins during menstrual periods.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Easy to use• Difficulty in disposing
• Low risk of infection• If not changed regularly, it leads to infection
• Comfortable and affordable• There may be skin irritation and rashes
♦ What is a menstrual Cup?
Menstrual cup is a reusable device which is more convenient to use during menstruation.

♦ What are the benefits of using a menstrual cup? 
• Menstrual cups are cup reusable
• They are eco-friendly
• They reduce the possibility of infection

♦ What are the hygiene practices to follow during menstruation?
Wash your hands with a soap or mild disinfectant before and after using a menstrual cup, sanitary napkins or cloth. Care should be taken to change sanitary napkins or cloth after every four to five hours as part of cleanliness. 
♦ What kind of food should we take during adolescence?
• Adolescence is a period for growth and development, so it's important to have a balanced diet that provides all the necessary nutrients.
• Protein-rich foods such as meats, fish, eggs, beans, and nuts. 
• Carbohydrates-rich foods such as whole grains like brown rice, whole wheat bread, and oats.
• Fruits and Vegetables - Rich in vitamins, minerals, and fibre. 
• Dairy products - milk, cheese, and yogurt.
• Healthy Fats - avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil.
• Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.

♦ Sexual Exploitation
Boys and girls, including small children, are subjected to various kinds of physical, mental and sexual abuse in the society. They often become victims of abuse in their own homes, relatives’ houses, vehicles, schools and other public places. 

♦ While interacting with relatives, classmates, friends, and strangers, you should be careful about which types of people?
• Those who try to touch your body parts without permission
• People who talk and look with a sexual intent
• Those who encourage you to view pornographic images and videos
• Those who show fake love and give gifts

♦ What should you do if you face such situations in your life?
• Speak openly without fear to your parents, classmates, teachers or school counsellor.
• Practice saying ‘NO’ firmly when you recognize bad touch by someone on your body parts.
• If you don’t get enough support, you can contact the Child Helpline number.
• It is the child's right to get protection from all kinds of exploitations.

♦ Child Helpline number - 1098

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Let’s Assess
1. Which among the following organs does not perform the function of excretion? 
a.  Kidney 
b.  Liver
c.  Heart  
d.  Lungs 
Answer: c.  Heart  

2. Which of the following statements is correct?
a.  Pulse rate increases while running
b.  All individuals have the same pulse rate.
c.  Pulse rate can be checked at the wrist only.
d.  Pulse rate and heart rate are different
Answer: a.  Pulse rate increases while running

3. What should be done to prevent urinary infections?
• Drink enough water
• Urinate regularly
• Keep personal hygiene

4.  What are the physical discomforts that may occur during menstruation?
• Some people may experience severe abdominal pain, vomiting, back pain and leg cramps before and during menstruation. 
• Some people may also develop excessive anger and anxiety during this period. 

5. The most important organ in the human body is the brain. Substantiate.
The brain controls the movements of various muscles of the body, coordinates all activities of the body and gives instructions to the cells. The brain is the centre of vision, hearing, memory, intelligence, imagination and emotions. Thus brain is the most important organ in the human body




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