Kerala Syllabus Class 7 Social Science: Chapter 12 The Foundation Stones of History - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual 


Questions and Answers for Class 7 Social Science (English Medium) ചരിത്രത്തിന്റെ ആധാരശിലകൾ | Text Books Solution Social Science (English Medium) Chapter 12 The Foundation Stones of History - Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook
ഈ അധ്യായത്തിന്റെ Teachers Handbook, Teaching Manual എന്നിവ ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യാനുള്ള ലിങ്ക് ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങളുടെ അവസാനം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.

ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്‌മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.

Std 7: Social Science Chapter 12: The Foundation Stones of History - Questions and Answers
♦ Read the write-up on the local history given on Textbook page 181. Can you find out the sources used for preparing this write-up?
• Archaeological evidence
• Inscriptions
• Literary works
• Remains of vessels, other artifacts
• Roman coins
• Ancient cave temple

♦ What is History?
History is the branch of study that scientifically records the past based on evidence. 

♦ How is the writing of history?
Several pieces of evidence that are necessary for reconstructing history have been left behind in various forms by each period. The writing of history is the process of collecting these pieces of evidence for scientific analysis and documenting the past.

♦ What is local history?
Local history is the minute and comprehensive documentation of a small geographical region, a person or an event.

♦ What are the characteristics of writing history?
• Documents the history of a vast region, place or country.
• History is recorded using written documents, archaeological evidences and historical remains.
• Assesses past events, cultures and societies with a broad perspective.

♦ What are the characteristics of local history writing?
• A minute level of enquiry of the history of a small region, subjects or events apart from World History, the history of a nation or a province.
• Local festivals, cuisines, customs, traditions and oral traditions become a part of the historical writing.
• By democratising history, due representation is given to regions, peoples and events that have been left out of mainstream history.

♦ What are sources of History?
• Anything that gives information useful for writing history can be called sources of history.
• Any object that is related to a particular period of time giving us valid information about that period is a source for writing history. 

♦ What are the main sources for writing history? 
• Archaeological remains
• Monuments
• Literary works
• Travelogues
• Newspapers
• Official documents

♦ What are called archaeological sources?
Archaeological sources provide information or evidence about life in the period in which they were made. 

♦ What are the main archaeological sources? 
• Lithic monuments
• Coins
• Caves
• Palaces
• Ancient Inscriptions

♦ What is Lithic Monuments?
• Lithic monuments are used to bury the mortal remains of our ancestors. It tell us the history of the past 
• They were built with huge stones, and they are known as Megalithic monuments.
• Remains of many lithic monuments which tell us the history of the past have been found in different parts of Kerala.
Eg: Kudakkallu, Thoppikkallu, Muniyara, Nannangadis
♦ Where are lithic monuments found in Kerala?
The remains of these lithic monuments were found at Marayoor in Idukki district, Chiramanangad in Thrissur and Thavanur in Malappuram district. 

♦ What information can be obtained from caves that help to write the history? 
Caves throw light on the ancient history of Kerala. In these natural caves, pictures and inscriptions that refer to human life in the prehistoric period are inscribed.

♦ Where are caves found in Kerala?
Edakkal (Wayanad), Marayoor (Idukki), Aancode (Thiruvananthapuram) and Thenmala and Kottukkal (Kollam). 

♦ Who protects the historically important archaeological materials of Kerala?
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and the Department of Archaeology.

♦ What is ancient inscriptions?
• Inscriptions are messages or statements in the form of drawings or engravings on a surface. 
• They are inscribed on different types of surfaces like Metal plates, Stones, and Palm leaves. 

♦ What is Epigraphy?
The study of inscriptions on stones, metal plates and palm leaves is called epigraphy. 

♦ What are the major inscriptions found in Kerala? 
Tharisappally inscriptions (Kollam), Jewish Copper Plate (Mattancherry) and Paliyam Copper Plate (Alappuzha)

♦ Who supervises the collection and conservation of ancient inscriptions in Kerala? 
Kerala State Archives Department 

♦ What information can be obtained from forts and palaces that helps to write the history? 
• Forts that were built for the security of the country, military purposes and trade can be used as sources for writing history. 
• Forts give us information on the different phases of Kerala and its rulers.

♦ What are the major forts in Kerala?
Bekal Fort, Kannur Fort, Palakkad Fort and Anchuthengu Fort 

♦ The names of some important palaces in Kerala are given below. Expand the list by including the names of palaces you know. 
• Padmanabhapuram Palace
• Mattancherry Palace
• Kilimanoor Palace
• Arakkal Palace
• Krishnapuram Palace
• Koyikkal Palace
• Poonjar Palace
• Thevally Palace
• Utsava Math Palace
• Kanakakkunnu Palace
• Kowdiar Palace
• Kollengode Palace
• Neerazhi Palace
• Nedumpuram Palace
• Pandalam Palace
• Kuthiramalika 
• Maipady Palace
• Lakshmipuram Palace
• Shakthan Thampuran Palace
• Sri Moolam Thirunal Palace
• Hill Palace
♦ Why the coins are important sources of history?
They give us information on the economic, political and cultural history of the period in which they were used. 

♦ The study of coins is called .................
Numismatics. 
 
♦ List the names of the coins found in different parts of Kerala.
Kasu, Achu, Panam, Anantharayan Panam, Sulthan Kasu and Veerarayan Panam.

♦ What can we learn from these coins issued at different times?
• The period in which the coin was made
• The authorities who made the coins and released them
• The method by which the coin was made
• The metal used to make the coin

♦ Historical monuments are important historical sources useful for writing history. Why?
The famous scholastic assembly named Revathy Pattathanam during the reign of the Zamorin was conducted at the Thali Temple. Mishkal mosque was the major war spot of the Zamorin against the Portuguese. The Devamatha Cathedral built in 1513 is a memorial of the Portuguese presence. Sea bridges are proof of the trade relations that Calicut had with foreign countries. Each of such monuments will tell us the history of the past. 

♦ Identify the districts where the following historical monuments are located.
• Karumaadikkuttan Memorial - Alappuzha 
• Chandragiri Fort - Kasaragod 
• Suspension-bridge of Punalur (Thookkupalam) - Kollam 
• Wagon Tragedy Memorial - Malappuram
• Synagogue - Ernakulam 

♦ Which Sanskrit poem mentions Kozhikode?
Kokila Sandesam

♦ Who was written by Kokila Sandesam?
Uddanda Sastri 

♦ Literary Sources are important historical sources useful for writing history. Why?
Literary works help us to understand the history of the period in which they were written. For example, the Manipravala literary works written during the 12th century and the 15th century provide us information on the Naduvazhi system and culture of those times. The Vadakkanpattukal (Northern Ballads) of Malabar throw light on the lives of common people of the medieval period. Indulekha written by Chandu Menon in the 19th century helps us understand the social history of Malabar. Sangam literature in Tamil throws light on the ancient history of Kerala. 

♦ What things can be found from the description of Abdur Razzaq, a Persian traveller who came to Kozhikode in the 15th century, about the port of Kozhikode?  (Textbook Page: 190)
• Merchant ships from different parts of the world came here with precious goods and sold them easily. 
• The entire responsibility of the market is vested with the King.
• 1/40 of the goods brought to the market should be paid as tax.
• Pepper is an important export item from here. 
• The people here are good at maritime business.

♦ Why do travelogues play a vital role in the writing of local history?
Travelogues can provide direct experiences of special places, events and culture. This throws light on the history, geography, economic structure and social life of a region. 
♦ List some foreign travellers who have mentioned about Kerala and their countries.
Traveller Region/Country 
• Megasthenes• Greece
• Sulaiman• Persia 
• Abdur Razzaq• Persia
• Marco Polo • Venice
• Ibn Battuta • Morocco
• Niccolo Conti • Venice
• Ma Huan• China
• Barbosa • Portugal
♦ Why are most autobiographies and biographies considered literary sources that can be used for the writing of history?
Autobiographies and biographies provide information on different aspects of life in a region or a period. 

♦ Why do newspapers play an important role in the writing of history?
• Newspapers would eventually become the main means for understanding history. • Newspapers of the period are the main source used by the students of history to understand the history of foreign rule in India. 
• Newspapers also help us to know about all aspects of the political, social and economic history of Kerala. 

♦ ------------- is the study of the past events in a specific geographically small area.
Local history 

♦ What are the main sources that help us in the writing of local history? 
• Observation of the locality
• Local knowledge Rites and rituals Songs
• Memories (oral traditions)
• Mortgage documents and deeds
• Place names
• Official documents
• Family history

♦ Why is local observation essential for the writing of local history?
It is essential to conduct a local visit and observation to understand the diversities of area where a local community exists, its geographical features, directions, flora and fauna, watersheds and agricultural practices. 

♦ What other information can we find for writing history through local observation?
• Food
• Clothing
• Shelter
• Health
• Education
• Language, Literature
• Art
• Entertainment
• Travel
• Communication

♦ What is oral history? What is their significance in the writing of local history?
• Oral history is the memories collected from a generation that has direct experiences. 
• It is essential to have oral descriptions to collect information on institutions, transport facilities, style of dressing and food culture of a locality, to write the history of that place. 
• These memories help us to analyse the practices that existed in the society and the changes that were effected in due course.

♦ Why is the history of families an important literary source in local history writing?
It is the responsibility of the local historian to collect information on the interventions or contributions made by individuals to the growth and progress of a village or a region after ensuring the credibility of the information. 

♦ What are the important official documents that help in history writing?
• Census reports
• Gazette documents
• Court documents
• Survey reports
• Tax documents
• Police reports
• Development Report of local self-government institutions

♦ How are court documents useful for local history writing?
It is through court documents that we can understand the details of the struggles and riots against the British colonisation. 
♦ How are census reports useful for local history writing?
We rely on census reports to understand the population and the different sections of people of a particular geographical region. 

♦ How are mortgage or lease documents and deeds useful for local history writing?
The mortgage or lease documents and deeds are beneficial for writing local history. From these, we get information on personal details, private properties, etc. 

♦ What things are to be noted in local history writing?
Physiographic Features: The accurate geographical boundaries and natural features (mountain, river, watershed) of a place should be there in the history writing when it is selected for writing local history.

• Historical monuments: There should be reference to the places of habitation, megaliths, stone inscriptions, forts, places of worship, and the like.

• Occupation/ Means of living: There should be indications about the main crop that is cultivated in the area, handicrafts, trade centres, health and medical services.

• Survival models: Analysis of withstanding issues such as torrential rains, drought, epidemics, eviction and poverty should be included. 

• Cultural institutions: Details regarding education, women’s education, libraries, etc., of the area should be discussed.

• Land relations: Details of agricultural tie-ups, feudal system and old statistics should be included.

• Patriotism: There can be references to the political movements, national movements and personalities of national importance of the area.

• Local self-government bodies and development: The local self-government bodies and their developmental activities of the region should be included. 

• Biography: Bibliography is an important factor that ensures the authenticity of history writing. This is a detailed list of all sources used for writing history. The bibliography is usually given at the end of the study.

♦ How should be the structure of local history writing?
• Title
• Content/Declaration of the student
• Certificate
• Acknowledgement
• Introduction
• Chapters
• Conclusion
• References (names of those who were interviewed, places visited, institutions, etc.)
• Appendices (photos, songs, questionnaire)
• Bibliography

♦ What is the importance of Local history writing?
Local history writing helps us in retrieving our lost culture. 

♦ What are the aims of Local history writing?
Finding the changes that continuously happen in life, formulating ways to future plans and sharing the future generations a detailed information of the history of the place are the aims of writing local history. 




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