Kerala Syllabus Class 4 EVS Unit 1: Organisms and Surroundings - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook


നാലാം ക്‌ളാസിലെ EVS ലെ Organisms and Surroundings പഠിക്കുന്നതിനും, പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനും ആവശ്യമായ വിവിധ പഠനസഹായികൾ | Study Notes for Class 4th Environment Science - ജീവികളും ചുറ്റുപാടും | Text Books Solution EVS (English Medium) Chapter 01 Organisms and Surroundings. 
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ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്‌മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.

Textbook Questions and Answers
♦ Which organisms did you seen in the pond?
Fish, frogs, crabs, snails, water snakes, and water insects were the living things seen in the pond. 

♦ Which organisms lived on the tree?
The living things seen on the tree were birds, squirrels, chameleons, spiders, and ants.

♦ Do all organisms need a place to live?
Yes, all living things need a place to live. Every living thing needs a place where it can get the food, water, and shelter it needs to survive.

♦ Can organisms that live in water also live on land?
Not all living things that live in water can live on land. Animals like fish cannot live on land. But some animals like frogs and crocodiles can live both on land and in water because their bodies are made in a way that suits both.

♦ Why can't fish live on land? 
• Fish can't live on land because they breathe through gills, which only work in water. Gills cannot take in oxygen from the air.
• The boat-like shape, with both ends pointed, helps fish move through the water.
• Their fins and tails help them swim, but are not useful for movement on land.

♦ What special features have you observed in fish that help them live in water?
• A boat-like shape helps fish move through water
• Fins help them swim.
• A slimy body helps them glide.
• Gills help them breathe in water.
• Tightly arranged scales protect them from heat and cold.
• Eyes on both sides of the head give them a wider view.

♦ What is the shape of the fish?
The shape of a fish is like a boat.

♦ How does this shape help the fish move into the water?
The boat-like shape, with both ends pointed, helps the fish glide smoothly through the water.

■ Observe the shapes of boats. 
♦ Which of these shapes is more suitable for travelling through water? 
A boat with the shape of a fish is better. This shape helps it move quickly in water. 

♦ Have you noticed how fish move in water? How do they change direction? 
They change direction using their fins and tail. 

♦ How are their scales arranged? 
Tightly arranged scales protect them from heat and cold.

♦ Which part of their body helps them breathe?
Gills help them breathe in water.

♦ What are the special features that help the fish live in water?
The body shape, fins, tail fin, arrangement of scales and slippery nature of fish help them move through water. Fish breathe with the help of gills.

♦ What are the special features of these plants? What is special about their stems? What makes them different from other plants? 
Desert plants may have no leaves, or have small leaves or thorns. Their stems are thick, green and can store water. A waxy coating on their stem helps them prevent water loss. The deep roots of these plants absorb water from great depths. Such desert plants are known as Xerophytes. All these features enable them to survive in the desert.

♦ What is Adaptation?
Plants and animals have body features that help them survive in their specific environments. Any body feature that helps an organism survive in its environment is called adaptation.

♦ Have you listened to the conversation between the water lily and the frog?
Discuss and write more about their adaptation.
Water lily Frog
• They do not decay in water• The slippery body
• The leaves float on the water surface. Wax coating on the leaves.• The feet of frogs are shaped to help them swim.
• Air cavities in the leaf and petiole.• The limbs help it to hop on land
• The flower remains erect above the water level.• The frog can breathe through the skin while in water, and it can breathe through the nostrils while on land
• Strong root system.• Frogs' eyes stick out on the top of their heads. So they can clearly both under and above water.
♦ Observe the picture. 
♦ Where do these animals live?
• Goat - on land
• Shrimp - in water
• Turtle - on land and water

♦ Write the names of other animals you are familiar with and complete the table.
Animals live on land Animals live in waterAnimals live on land and water
• Elephant• Fish• Frog
• Cow• Dolphin• Crocodile 
• Goat• Whale• Turtle
• Dog• Octopus• Seal 
♦ Animals also live in deserts and polar regions. 
• Deserts - Camel, Kangaroo rats
• Polar region - Penguin
♦ What are their adaptations? 
• Camel have humps to store water. Kangaroo rats survive without drinking water.
• Penguins have thick fat under their skin, called blubber, which helps them stay warm in freezing waters.

♦ Find other adaptations of camel and penguin. Discuss with your friends and write them in the table. 
Camel Penguin
• Fat in humps for energy• Thick fat under skin for warmth and energy
• Thick fur to protect from heat• Flipper-like wings to swim in water
• Wide feet to walk on sand• Thick feathers and fat for warmth
♦ Observe the picture. 
♦ What does a stork get from the field? 
• Small organisms. 
• Small fishes
• earthworm
• insects

♦ What does a fish get from the pond?
• Place to live.
• Food
• Oxygen for breathing

♦ Habitat
The environment in which an organism lives is its Habitat. A habitat contains everything that the organism needs to survive. Ponds, rivers and fields are examples of habitats. 

♦ Discuss, find and write more examples of habitats. 
• Tree
• Forest
• Ponds 
• rivers 
• fields 
• mountains 
• sea 
• desert 

♦ Different Types of Habitats 
♦ Observe the picture
♦ What are the different types of habitats? Write down their names.
• River
• Desert
• Polar region
• Mountain
• Forest
• Sea 

♦ A field is a habitat. It has many living and non-living things in it. Which are they? Discuss and write. 
living things Non-living things
• Plants • Soil
• Birds• Water
• Small organisms• Sunlight
♦ There are natural habitats and man-made habitats. Forest is an example of a natural habitat. What about the Biodiversity Park in your school? 
Man-made habitats
♦ Find and write down more examples of natural and man-made habitats. 
Natural Habitats Man-made Habitats
• Forests• Towns
• Ponds• Farmlands
• Deserts• Biodiversity Park
♦ What are the living and non-living things of a habitat, and how do they depend on each other?
A habitat contains many living and non-living things. Plants, animals, and microorganisms are examples of living things. Soil, air, water and sunlight are the main non-living things. Living things and non-living things in an area live in
interdependence.

♦ Observe the picture. 
♦ Find out who depends on whom? Draw lines to connect them and prepare a note. 
• Grasshoppers eat Grasses
• Frogs eat insects like Grasshoppers. 
• Snakes eat frogs.
• The birds like eagles eat the snakes. Some birds eat small creatures, fish and earthworms.
• Animals need water and air. The non-living components such as air, water, soil and sunlight are also required for plants the grow.

♦ What is an Ecosystem?
An ecosystem is an environment where living and non-living things live in interdependence. Trees, fields, ponds, streams, hills, sacred groves (Kavukal) are small ecosystems. Forests, grasslands, deserts, seas and polar regions are large ecosystems.

♦ What is interdependence in an ecosystem? Explain with examples. 
• Between living and non-living things 
eg: The fish live in the water

• Between living things
eg: Snakes eat rats and frogs.

• Between non-living things 
eg: The Pond dries up due to the heat from the sun

♦ Destruction of Ecosystems
 You can see us in many areas in your place. Is there anyone who hasn't climbed a hill? We provide habitat for so many organisms, from earthworms to foxes and also for a variety of plants. We store rainwater and later provide that water to wells, streams and fields. We can control the wind and reduce the heat. 
♦ What are the harmful effects vanishing of hills?
• The organisms on the hill lose their home
• Plants perish.
• Streams dry.
• Water scarcity occurs.
• Natural calamities occur.

♦ What are the human activities that are harmful to the ecosystem? Discuss and write.
• Demolition of hills 
• Excessive use of pesticides
• Deforestation 
• Field filling
• Disposal of plastic waste 
• Destruction of the hill 
• Sandmining

♦ Pollution 
♦ Listen to what an earthworm says. 
Have you read what the earthworm said?

♦ List out the different kinds of waste formed in a household. 
• Fruit peel
• Vegetable waste 
• Plastic covers
• Footwear
• Plastic bottles
• Used clothes
• Paper
• Toothpaste tube
• Used brushes
• Damaged CFL

♦ Observe the pictures.
♦ Discuss and write about those activities which pollute the soil. 
• Excessive use of pesticides in farms. 
• Excessive use of chemical fertilisers.
• Unscientific agricultural practices
• Spillage of chemical substances
• Construction and development, etc.
• Chemicals that flow into water also pollute the soil.
♦ How does soil pollution affect the ecosystem?
• Soil pollution destroys the natural structure and fertility of the soil.
• Soil pollution is harmful to useful creatures like earthworms.

♦ What are the other factors which get polluted like this in our surroundings? 
• Air 
• Water

♦ Observe the pictures and find out the situations of air pollution. 
• Burning of waste, including plastics 
• Burning of fossil fuels 
• Smoke emitted from vehicles 
• Wildfires
• Mining 
• burning firewood
• Burning of agricultural crop residues 
• Use of fireworks 
• Smoke from industries
• Construction activities 
• Volcanic eruption 

♦ Discuss and write down the harmful effects of air pollution
• Air pollution can have harmful effects on our health. 
• Every year, about 7 million people die in the world due to various diseases caused by air pollution. 
• Air pollution can have a harmful effect not only on humans but also on plants and
animals. 
• Harmful effects of air pollution are declining crop yields, acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, etc. 

♦ In which circumstances does water get polluted?
• Plastic waste reaching water bodies
• Spillage of chemical substances
• Water from sewage.
• Throwing organic wastes into water sources.
• Washing vehicles and bathing cattle in the river.
• Dumping waste from factories.
• Spraying pesticides in agricultural fields

♦ How does water pollution affect living things and humans? 
• Drinking water gets polluted.
• Decrease in the level of oxygen in water. 
• Causes various waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid and jaundice.
• Destroys ecosystems
• Chemicals that flow into water affect organisms, including humans, through plants and aquatic organisms.
• Chemicals that flow into water also pollute the soil.
Natural disasters 
Natural disasters cause great damage to the environment and living things. Natural disasters can occur due to natural causes or human interference. 
♦ Which all natural disasters do you know? Find and write them down. 
• Landslide 
• Earthquake 
• Forest fire 
• Flood 
• Drought
• Storm
• Tsunami
• Volcanic eruption

♦ What precautions should be taken if a flood warning is received?
• People residing along river banks should move to higher ground as fast as they can.
• Do not step into rivers in torrential rain.
• Disconnect the electricity if water enters your home.
The following precautions may be adopted to avert the danger of flooding.
• Do not build houses on the river banks.
• Do not reclaim the paddy fields. They are the natural sinks for rainwater.
• Construct bunds on the river banks.
♦ How do the harmful activities of man affect an ecosystem?
• Deforestation 
• Field filling
• Disposal of plastic waste 
• Destruction of the hill 
• Sandmining
• excessive use of pesticides

♦ What are the activities that we can do to protect our environment?
• Afforestation
• Make a medicinal plant garden 
• Gardening
• Biodiversity park
• Creating environmental awareness 
• Reduce the use of plastic materials 
• The use of paper bags and ink pens 
• Making posters and leaflets
• Cleaning the environment
• Conservation of water
• Organise orientation programmes regarding environmental protection
• Creating awareness by preparing posters and leaflets
Let’s Assess

♦ Connect the organisms with their habitats. 
Organisms Habitats 
• Whale• Forest 
• Penguin• Ocean
• Spotted Deer• Desert
• Camel• Polar Region
Answer:
♦ Visit an ecosystem in your area and write down the names of the organisms you find there. Find out their interdependence. 
Ecosystem Visit Report 
• Ecosystem I visited: Field 
• Living things I saw in the field: 
  • Plants: Paddy (Rice), grasses, weeds
  • Insects: Ant, dragonfly, butterfly, and grasshopper
  • Birds: Crane, crow, sparrow, heron, kingfisher, water hen
  • Other organisms: Frog, Crab, Rat, Snake
Their interdependence:
  • Grasshoppers and other insects eat the paddy.
  • Birds eat insects like grasshoppers and butterflies.
  • Some birds eat small creatures and fish in the field.
  • Frogs eat insects and fish. 
  • Snakes eat rats and frogs. 
  • Dead and decaying animals turn in the soil and become fertilizer, which helps the plants grow again.
♦ Read the table below and connect the organism and its adaptation. 

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