Kerala Syllabus Class 6 Basic Science: Chapter 03 Let’s Stand Straight - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual


Study Notes for Class 6th Basic Science - നിവർന്നു നിൽക്കാം | Text Books Solution Basic Science (English Medium) Chapter 03 Let’s Stand Straight. ഈ യൂണിറ്റിന്റെ Teaching Manual & Teachers Handbook എന്നിവയുടെ ലിങ്ക് ഈ പേജിന്റെ അവസാന ഭാഗത്തു നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. പഠന സഹായികൾ അയക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുള്ളവർ ഈ നമ്പറിൽ വാട്സാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക: 9497346250.

ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്‌മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.

Std 6: Basic Science Chapter 03: Let’s Stand Straight - Questions and Answers
♦ Observe each fish carefully (Textbook Page: 42). Are all fishes the same? How are they different from each other?
• Shape
• Size
• Colour

♦ In the table given below, write down the features you observed when you tried to make both the fishes stay straight by holding their tail portions.
Fish made with fabric Fish made with fabric and palm ribs
When trying to hold it by the tail, it wouldn't stand straight.

When trying to hold it by the tail, it stands straight.
♦ Fabric pieces were used in both instances. Then why is it that only the second fish you made stood straight? Palm ribs were used to make the second fish. What could be the reason for that?
• To give a shape
• To stand straight
• To give strength

♦ Skeleton
The skeleton is the framework of bones that provides support and shape to the body and protects certain internal organs.

♦ Observe the pictures given below. These are the skeletons of various animals. Can you identify the animals to which these skeletons belong? Write down your answers.
1. Bat
2. Cow
3. Crocodile

♦ All the creatures have skeletons. Skeletons have weight. Then how are birds able to fly?
There are air cavities in the bones of birds. This makes their skeleton lighter compared to other organisms. This adaptation helps birds to fly.

♦ The figures of skeletons of different organisms are given below. Observe the figures and identify the organisms to which they belong.
A. Cow
B. Goat
C. Cat
D. Crane
E. Lizard
F. Fish

♦ Why is it that some birds cannot fly?
Some birds cannot fly because of their large body, heavy bones and short wings.

♦ Find out and list the birds that can't fly.
• Penguin
• Ostrich
• Emu
• Kiwi 
• Cassowary

♦ What are the parts of the human skeleton?
Skull, vertebral column, ribs, rib cage, bones of arms and legs and hip bones together form the human skeleton.

♦ Skull.
• The skull is made up of 22 bones.
• The lower jawbone is the only movable bone in the skull.
• The skull protects the brain.
• The skull also provides protection to sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, nose, and tongue.
♦ Explain the need for wearing helmets while riding two-wheelers? 
Two-wheeler riders must wear helmets because they protect the rider from severe head injuries during accidents, significantly reducing the risk of serious injury or death.

♦ Vertebral Column
• The vertebral column is a series of bones that help the body stand straight and move. 
• The bones in the vertebral column are called vertebrae. 
• The vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae. 
• The spinal cord, which is an important part of the nervous system, passes through the vertebral column. Hence, it acts as a protective shield of spinal cord. 
• If the vertebral column is severely damaged, it will be difficult to stand or walk.

♦ Ribs
There are 12 pairs of ribs in the human body. 
The ribs enfold and protect the heart, lungs, and some major blood vessels. 
The ribs are connected to the vertebral column at the back and to the sternum in front.

♦ How many bones are there in the skull?
22 bones

♦ Among the bones in the skull, which one is capable of movement? 
lower jawbone

♦ How many vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?
33

♦ Which is the protective covering of spinal cord?
Vertebral Column

♦ What is the main function of vertebral column?
The vertebral column protects the spinal cord and keeps the body erect.

♦ Which bones protect heart and lungs?
ribs

♦ Which are the major organs protected by the skull?
brain, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue

♦ How many bones are there in each human arm? 
Each human arm has 32 bones.

♦ How many bones are there in each human leg? 
There are 31 bones in each leg

♦ Humans have the ability to stand on two legs. Bones in the legs are stronger than those in the arms. Why is it so? 
The bones in our legs are stronger than those in our arms because they support the entire weight of the body. 

♦ Which is the longest bone in the human body? 
The longest bone in the human body is the Femur

♦ At birth, our body has about --------- bones.
300

♦ The number of bones in the human body is ---------------
206
♦ Make a list of the number of bones found in each part of the human body. Calculate the total number of bones in the human body.
♦ What are the functions of bones?.
• The skeleton gives shape to the body.
• Bones provide strength to the body. 
• Bones help in movement.
• It protects the internal organs
• It helps to stand straight

♦ What are Cartilages? 
• Cartilages are flexible parts which provide support and strength to the body like bones. 
• They are softer than bones and are found in both the human body and the bodies of other animals. 
• Cartilages are found in the ears, nose, elbows, knees, ankles, trachea and the discs between the vertebrae.

♦ What are Joints?
A joint is the part where two or more bones meet. There are different types of
joints in our body. Some joints are movable and some immovable.

♦ What are Hinge Joints?
Like the hinges in a door or window, the bones in the elbow and knee can be moved only in one direction. This type of joint found in the elbow and knee are is called hinge joint. 

♦ Complete the table below
♦ What is Ball and Socket Joint?
The ball and socket joint is the joint with maximum freedom of movement. It is arranged in such a way that the round end of one bone (ball) is able to rotate in the cavity (socket) of another bone. Therefore, it is called the ball and socket joint. This type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip. 

♦ Complete the table
♦ What is Pivot Joint?
A bone that moves forward, backward and side-to-side in another bone. This type of joint is called Pivot Joint
♦ What is Fracture?
A fracture is the breaking or cracking of a bone. 

♦ Prepare a note on different types of fractures 
• Fractures can occur in three ways. 
• A simple fracture occurs when the bone cracks, breaks or dislocates. 
• The fracture in which the bone breaks and comes out piercing the muscles is called a compound fracture.Here wounds may also occur along with the fracture.
• A compound fracture that occurs near the internal organs is a complicated fracture. In such cases, the bone breaks and causes injury to the internal organs.

♦ How can we understand if there is a fracture?
• Pain in the injured area.
• Difficulty in moving the injured part.  
• Differences when compared with similar parts. 
♦ What is the first aid that should be provided to someone with a fracture?
What happens if the fractured part is moved or shaken? How can we keep it
immobilized? 
• The injured part should be kept immobilized. For that, the injured part can be
bandaged using a splint. 
• The splint should be made with a strong plate of wood, metal or plastic. Do not try to move the injured part. 
• A person with a bone fracture should be taken to the hospital immediately after giving first aid.

♦ Who discovered X-rays?
X-ray was discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen a German physicist. 

♦ Why do we use the metal rod for fixing a fractured bone? 
To help the bones stay stable and heal quickly, the fractured part is properly joined and fixed by screwing on metal rods.

♦ List the nutrients and nutrient-rich foods that are necessary for the health of bones and teeth.
Nutrients for healthy bones and teeth Nutrient-rich foods
• Calcium
• Vitamin D
• Egg, milk, leafy vegetables, fish
• Fish, egg, milk, butter, mushroom
♦ The animals given below have a skeleton outside their body. Identify and write their names.
1. Beetle
2. Prawn
3. Cocroach
4. Centipede
5. Crab
6. Snail

♦ Exoskeleton and Endoskeleton
• Snails, some types of beetles, mussels and crabs have thick outer covers. Organisms such as millipede, centipede, cockroach and prawn have relatively thin shells. Such coverings outside the body are called exoskeleton.
• Animals such as cats, frogs, mice, cows and humans have skeletons inside their body. This is the endoskeleton.

♦ Classify some familiar organisms into those having endoskeleton, exoskeleton, and both.
Let’s Assess
1. Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?
• Gives shape 
• Gives stability 
• Provides protection
• Gives energy
Answer: Gives stability 

2. Draw and match the correct ones.
3. Which food items should be included in the diet for healthy bones?
Answer: Egg, milk, leafy vegetables, fish

4. Your friend fell down during a football game and fractured his arm. What first aid would you give?
The injured part should be kept immobilized. For that, the injured part can be bandaged using a splint and should be taken to the hospital immediately after giving first aid.


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