Kerala Syllabus STD 6 Social Science: Chapter 04 From the Globe to the Map - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual
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Chapter 04: From the Globe to the Map - Questions and Answers & Model Question
♦ What are the basic elements for the sustain life on Earth?
• atmosphere
• water
• favourable climate
♦ What is the shape of the Earth?
• The Earth has a unique shape, which is slightly flattened at the poles and slightly bulged in the middle.
• This shape of the Earth is known as Geoid.
♦ What is the shape of the Earth known as?
Geoid
♦ True model of the Earth.
Globe
♦ What are Latitudes? What are their characteristics?
• Lines of latitude are imaginary lines that connect the points in the same angular distance on both sides of the equator with reference to the Earth's centre.
• These are latitudinal circles that are drawn parallel to the equator on the Earth's surface.
• Move from the equator towards the poles, and the circles of latitude get smaller in size.
♦ Which is the largest circle of latitude?
• 0°
• This is the Equator.
♦ The Earth can be divided into two hemispheres based on the equator. What are they?
Based on the equator, the Earth can be imagined as two hemispheres. The hemisphere that lies to the north of the equator is called Northern Hemisphere, and the hemisphere that lies to the south of the equator is called Southern Hemisphere.
♦ Prepare a note on the equator.
• 0° circle of latitude is the equator.
• Based on the equator, the Earth can be imagined as two hemispheres.
• The hemisphere that lies to the north of the equator is called Northern Hemisphere, and the hemisphere that lies to the south of the equator is called Southern Hemisphere.
• Latitudes in the north of the equator are called Northern Latitudes and those in the south are called Southern Latitudes.
♦ Observe the globe and complete the table.
The 90° latitude in the north is called the North Pole and the 90° latitude in the south is called the South Pole.
♦ What are poles?
The latitudinal circles gradually decrease in size and end at 90° point in the north and 90° point in the south. The 90° latitude in the north is called the North Pole, and the 90° latitude in the south is called the South Pole.
♦ What are the latitudes north and south of the equator known as?
Latitudes in the north of the equator are called Northern Latitudes, and those in the south are called Southern Latitudes.
♦ Which is the straight line that is imagined through the centre of the Earth connecting the poles?
Earth's axis
♦ What is the inclined of the Earth's axis from the perpendicular to the orbital plane?
Incline of 23½°
♦ Observe the Figure and complete the table of important lines of latitude.
| Important lines of latitude | Measure in degrees |
|---|---|
| Equator | 0° |
| Tropic of Cancer | 23½° North |
| Tropic of Capricorn | 23½° South |
| Artic Circle | 66½° North |
| Antarctic Circle | 66½° South |
♦ What are lines of longitude (Meridians of Longitude)? What are their characteristics?
• The imaginary lines drawn on the surface of the Earth connecting the North Pole and the South Pole with reference to Earth's centre are called the Lines of Longitude.
• These are semicircles of the same size.
• Time on the Earth is determined based on the lines of longitude.
♦ Which are the important longitudinal lines?
0° longitude and 180° longitude are important longitudinal lines.
♦ Observe Figure. Haven't you noticed how the important lines of longitude are specifically marked? Examine the globe and identify these lines. What are their peculiarities?
• The 0° line of longitude is called the Prime Meridian. Since this line passes through Greenwich near London, this line is also called Greenwich Meridian. • The longitudinal line drawn opposite to 0° longitudinal line is the 180° longitudinal line. Based on this the International Date Line has been drawn. The International Date Line is not a straight line.
♦ The International Date Line is not a straight line. Why?
When crossing the International Date Line from east to west, one day is lost, and when crossing from west to east, one day is added. The International Date Line is deviated in some places to avoid different days occurring at the same time in different places within a country. This line is arranged to avoid populated land areas in the Pacific Ocean.
♦ Which is the Prime Meridian? What is its characteristic?
• The 0° line of longitude is called the Prime Meridian.
• Since this line passes through Greenwich near London, this line is also called Greenwich Meridian.
• Based on the Prime Meridian the earth can be divided into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere.
• The longitudinal lines to the east of Prime Meridian are called Eastern longitudes, and those to the West are called the Western longitudes.
♦ With the help of a globe, identify the position of the following countries in their respective hemispheres and write them against each country.
| Countries | Hemispheres |
|---|---|
| • India | Eastern Hemisphere |
| • United States of America | Western Hemisphere |
| • Brazil | Western Hemisphere |
| • Indonesia | Eastern Hemisphere |
♦ The exact location of a place, a region, or an object on Earth is determined based on?
the latitudinal and longitudinal lines
♦ What is a graticule?
• A network of lines of latitude and longitude is called a graticule.
• The network of lines of latitudinal and longitudinal lines (graticule) can be seen on maps and atlases.
♦ Observe the picture and identify the location of India with reference to the latitudinal and longitudinal lines, and list them.
♦ What is a map?
A map is a flat surface that depicts the features of the Earth's surface.
♦ What is Map projection?
Map projection is the method by which the network of the lines of latitude and longitude (Graticule) is scientifically transferred to any flat surface.
♦ Based on the shape of the developable surface, map projections can be categorised into three. What are they?
• Cylindrical projection
• Zenithal projection
• Conical projection
♦ Cylindrical projection
A source of light is placed inside a transparent globe. A cylinder shaped surface is placed covering the globe. The network of lines of latitude and longitude is transferred to the cylindrical surface covering the globe. This is called a Cylindrical Projection. This map projection can be used for the exact mapping of equatorial regions.
♦ Zenithal projection
A source of light is kept at the centre of a transparent globe, and a flat surface is kept on the top. The network of the lines of latitude and longitude is projected onto the flat surface when the source of light is lit. In this way, the network of the lines of latitude and longitude is prepared using Zenithal Projection. This map projection can be used for the mapping of the polar regions.
♦ Conical projection
The method of projection by which the network of latitudinal and longitudinal lines are transferred to a conical surface is called the Conical Projection. The shadow of latitudinal and longitudinal lines is projected to a conical surface to make the map. This map projection is used more to make the maps of mid-latitude regions.
♦ Cylindrical projection is used for mapping of which areas?
Equatorial regions
♦ Zenithal projection is used for mapping of which areas?
polar regions
♦ Conical projection is used for mapping of which areas?
mid-latitude regions
♦ Which map projection is used to create maps by projecting the topographic features of polar regions onto a flat surface?
Zenithal projection
♦ Complete the concept map that includes the characteristics of Map Projections.
2. Projection surface in the shape of a cylinder.
Used for the exact mapping of equatorial regions.
3. Conical projection
4. Projection surface in the shape of a cone.
Used to make the maps of mid-latitude regions.
♦ What is Geographic Information System?
It is the method of collecting, analysing and storing geographic information and presenting it in the form of maps, graphs and tables whenever needed.
♦ In which areas can GIS be used?
This technology can be used in various fields such as cartography, resource conservation, disaster management, tourism, transportation and communication.
♦ List the various day-to-day instances in which we use GIS.
• Helps travellers know the current location of buses and trains in case of traffic jams.
• It is possible to know the current location of passenger planes and the time of arrival at the traveller's location in advance.
• Travellers, sailors, and ocean travellers who are going on adventure trips in difficult locations can know in advance the information about the destinations they are going to, the travel routes, and the next destination they will arrive at.
• It is used to provide greater accuracy and precision to disaster relief operations when natural disasters occur.
Extended Activities
♦ Complete the table by finding the latitudinal and longitudinal locations of the following countries, just like India's latitudinal and longitudinal location was identified, using the globe, atlas and world map.
• Brazil
• Norway
• Canada
• Indonesia
• South Africa
• Kenya
• Saudi Arabia
• Argentina
• Angola
| The largest circle of latitude | Equator |
| The hemisphere that is situated to the north of the equator | The Northern Hemisphere |
| The hemisphere that is situated to the south of the equator | The Southern Hemisphere |
| Imaginary lines that are drawn connecting the North and South poles with the earth's centre as reference | lines of longitude |
| 0° longitudinal line | Prime Meridian (Greenwich Meridian) |
| 180° longitudinal line | International Date Line |
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