Kerala Syllabus STD 6 Social Science: Chapter 07 Through the Continents - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual

Study Notes for Class 6 Social Science - Through the Continents | Text Books Solution Social Science (English Medium) Chapter 7 ഭൂഖണ്ഡങ്ങളിലൂടെ | Teaching Manual & Teachers Handbook | പഠന സഹായികൾ അയക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുള്ളവർ ഈ നമ്പറിൽ വാട്സാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക: 9497346250. 
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Chapter 07: Through the Continents - Questions and Answers & Model Question
♦ Read the travelogue of Commander Abhilash Tomy given in the introduction of the textbook. What can be learned from it?
The given passage of the textbook is from Commander Abhilash Tomy's travelogue 'Kadal Ottakku Kshanichapol'. He is the first Indian and Malayalee sailor who went around the world without stopping in the sailboat named 'Mhadei' of the Indian Navy. In this book, he describes how lands with unique features are spread across and are interconnected on this vast earth, as he sailed from ocean to ocean. 'Mhadei' is the name of the revered goddess of the fishermen along the Goan coast. Goa is a place where the Portuguese anchored their ships.

♦ Who was the first Indian to go around the world without stopping in a sailboat?
Abhilash Tomy

♦ What are Continents?
• Continents are large land masses that are situated among the oceans. • Most of the continents comprise many countries. 
• Each continent has its own unique geographical features. 

♦ The seven continents in order of size from largest to smallest are:
1. Asia
2. Africa
3. North America
4. South America
5. Antarctica
6. Europe
7. Australia

♦ Mark the names of the continents in the map given below.
1. North America
2. South America
3. Europe
4. Asia
5. Africa
6. Australia
7. Antarctica

♦ Asia
• Asia is the largest continent on Earth. 
• Our country, India, is a part of Asia. 
• Asia comprises almost one third of the land area of the earth.

♦ Observe and find the borders of Asia and complete the table.
♦ On which side of Asia is a land border? 
Western side (Europe)

♦ What are the geographical features of Asia?
The Ural mountain ranges, situated on the Western side of Asia, separate Europe and Asia. The Himalaya mountains, where the highest peak in the world, Mount Everest, is situated, is in Asia. In addition to mountains, deserts, plains, and plateaus are also geographical features of  Asia. Yangtze is the longest river in Asia.

♦ What is the name of the mountain range that separates Europe and Asia?
The Ural mountain ranges

♦  Deserts.
Deserts are regions with very low rainfall and vast arid land areas. Deserts that experience extreme heat are called hot deserts, and those with extreme cold are called cold deserts.

♦  Plains
Land areas that are almost flat are called plains. Alluvial Plains are formed from the sediments deposited by rivers. These are generally fertile.

♦  Plateaus
Land areas that are elevated from the surrounding regions and with a comparatively flat surface are called plateaus.
♦ The following are the pictures of certain geographical features found in Asia. Observe the pictures, find out to which landform category they belong to, and write them down.
Answer:
1. The Himalayas - Mountain
2. Manchurian - Plain
3. The Thar - Desert
4. Ladakh - Cold Desert
5. Yngtze - Valley
6. Deccan - Plateau

♦ The climate of Asia is also diverse, just like its geography. Explain.
• As the northern part of Asia lies close to the polar region, it experiences extreme cold. 
• The eastern part experiences moderate heat and cold because of its proximity to the oceans. 
• Since the southern region lies close to the equator, it is hot and humid and has heavy rainfall. 
• In the arid western region, the temperature is generally high.

♦ Which is the region with the highest rainfall in the world?
Mawsynram

♦ The region that experiences extreme cold, Siberia, is located on which continent?
Asia

♦ Write examples of some of the diverse flora and fauna of Asia.
• Rafflesia
• Neelakurinji
• Snow Leopard
• Red Panda

♦ Prepare a note on the human life of Asia.
Asia is the continent with the highest population in the world. 60% of the world population resides in Asia. Most of the Asians depend on agriculture for living. Asia is the largest producer of paddy in the world. It is the meeting place of various cultures, languages and religions. There are bustling cities like Tokyo and Mumbai, as well as villages with very low populations in Asia.

♦ Which is the only Continent through which the Tropic of Cancer, the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn pass?
Africa

♦ Which is the second-largest continent?
Africa 

♦ Find the natural borders of Africa 
East: Red Sea and Indian Ocean
West: Atlantic Ocean
North: Mediterranean Sea
South: The confluence of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

♦ Prepare a note on the geographical features of the African Continent.
Africa is the second-largest continent. This is a continent that is spread almost equally in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Sahara, the largest hot desert in the world and the Congo river basin, covered with tropical rainforests, are the features of this continent. The River Nile, which is the longest river in the world, flows through this continent. The highest mountain in this continent is Kilimanjaro.

♦ Which is the longest river in the world?
The Nile

♦ Which one is the highest mountain in Africa?
Kilimanjaro.

♦ Where is the Sahara Desert situated?
Africa

♦ Complete the worksheet on the geographical characteristics of the African
continent.
• The largest hot desert• ----------------------
• The highest mountain• ----------------------
• The river basin with Tropical rainforests• ----------------------
• Vast grasslands• ----------------------
Answer:
• The largest hot desert• The Sahara
• The highest mountain• Kilimanjaro
• The river basin with Tropical rainforests• The Congo Basin
• Vast grasslands• Savannah
♦ Prepare a note on the climatic features of Africa.
• Africa, which is almost equally spread on either side of the equator, generally experiences hot climate. 
• Moderate climate is experienced along the coastal areas and in the regions belonging to the temperate zone.
♦ 'Africa is rich in biodiversity'. Examine.
• The Savannah grasslands and the tropical rainforests in Africa are rich in diverse flora and fauna. 
• The seasonal migration of animals in the Serengeti is a major characteristic of Africa.
• Baobab Tree, Black rhinoceros and African wild dog are examples of some of the flora and fauna in Africa.

♦ What are the features of African human Life?
The majority of people in Africa live in villages and engage in agriculture. Africa is a land rich in cultures, languages and history. The Egyptian civilization, which was one of the ancient civilizations, originated in Africa. Egyptian pyramids exist as an evidence of ancient architectural expertise.

♦ Observe the globe and find the continent that is surrounded by the Pacific, the Atlantic and the Arctic oceans.
North America

♦ Find the natural borders of North America
• East: Atlantic Ocean
• West: Pacific Ocean
• North: Arctic Ocean
• South/South East: Caribbean Sea and South America

♦ What are the geographical features of North America?
Appalachian and Rocky Mountains are two major mountain ranges situated in North America. The fertile plains in this continent are known as the Great Plains. The prairies are the vast grasslands of North America. Several rivers, including the Missouri and the Mississippi, are in North America. Five freshwater lakes, which are known as the Five Great Lakes, are also there in this continent. The Grand Canyon, which is a huge valley situated in Arizona in North America, is a wonder of nature.

♦ What are the vast grasslands of North America known as?
The prairies

♦ Which continent is the Mississippi-Missouri River in?
North America

♦ Which huge valley was formed as a result of the action of the Colorado River? 
The Grand Canyon

♦ What are the climatic features of North America?
The northern region of the continent experiences extreme cold as it lies close to the polar region. The temperature relatively increases while moving from the North to the South.

♦ What are the features of flora and fauna in North America?
North America is a habitat of great variety of flora and fauna. The Sequoia forests in the West and the grasslands in the Great Plains are examples for this. California poppy, Saguaro cactus and Moose are some of the flora and fauna seen in North America.

♦ Prepare a note on the human life of North America.
The United States of America (USA) and Canada are renowned for their high standards of living and technological advancement. Large metropolitan cities of the world, such as New York, Los Angeles and Mexico City, are situated in North America. Favourable climate and fertile soil enrich the agricultural sector here. Inuits (Eskimos) who live in the snowy areas are another feature of this continent.

♦ Which tribe lives in the snowy areas of North America?
Inuits (Eskimos) 

♦ Imagine yourself as a tourist guide who provides necessary information to the tourists who visit North America and prepare a description on the characteristics of this continent.
North America is a continent surrounded by the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans. The Appalachian and Rocky Mountains are two major mountain ranges situated in North America. The fertile Plains in this continent are known as the Great Plains and the vast grasslands known as Prairies. The five large freshwater lakes known as the Five Great Lakes, and the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, are here. The Grand Canyon, which is a huge valley situated in Arizona, is a wonder of nature. The Grand Canyon is a huge valley which is about 446 km long, up to 29 km wide and more than 1500 m deep. This huge valley was formed as a result of the action of River Colorado over millions of years. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The northern region of the continent experiences extreme cold as it is lying close to the polar region. The sequoia forests, vast grasslands, and diverse wildlife make this continent unique. The United States of America and Canada, known for their high standard of living and technological advancement, are located here. Large metropolitan cities of the world such as New York, Los Angeles, and Mexico are situated here. Inuits (Eskimos) who live in the snowy areas is another feature of this continent.
♦ Which is referred to as "Lungs of the Planet Earth"?
Amazon rainforests

♦ Identify the natural borders of South America with the help of an atlas.
East: The Atlantic Ocean 
West: The Pacific Ocean 
North: The Atlantic Ocean 
South: The Southern Ocean

♦ What are the geographical features of South America?
The Andes mountain range, which is the longest in the world, and the Amazon, the largest river on earth, are in South America. The major part of the vast Amazon River basin is rainforest. The Atacama, which is the most arid desert in the world, is another geographical feature of South America.

♦ What are the climatic features of South America?
• As it is in the equatorial region, the northern regions of South America are very hot and get plenty of rainfall. 
• The southernmost region of South America experiences extreme cold.

♦ What are the features of flora and fauna in South America?
South America, which includes the Amazon rainforests, is rich in biodiversity. This place is famous for the Amazon Water Lily, Anaconda and so on. The Andes mountains in South America is the habitat of a flowering plant called Andean Lupin and mammals such as Llama. Pantanal in South America is one of the largest tropical wetland areas in the world. A mammal called Capybara can be seen in this area.

♦ Write a short note on the lifestyle of people in South America.
Most of the South Americans engage in agriculture, fishing and industry. This continent is remarkable for the cultural diversity due to the presence of indigenous people, Europeans, Africans and Asians.

♦ Maitri and Bharati are two research centres that India had established for various studies. In which continent are these situated?
Antarctica

♦ Identify the natural borders of Antarctica with the help of an atlas.
Antarctica is surrounded entirely by the Southern Ocean.

♦ What are the geographical features of Antarctica?
• 98 percentage of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic glacier. Most of the pure water on Earth is contained in this glacier. 
• The Transantarctic mountain ranges divide the continent as Eastern Antarctica and Western Antarctica. 
• Antarctic Peninsula is a physiographic division of Antarctica which lies close to South America. 
• The highest mountain in Antarctica is Vinson Massif. Several volcanoes can also be seen in this continent.

♦ What is the highest mountain in Antarctica?
Vinson Massif

♦ What are the climatic features of Antarctica?
Antarctica is a cold desert which is covered by snow throughout the year. It is the location of Antarctica which makes its climate unique.

♦ What are the features of flora and fauna in Antarctica?
Except for certain mosses that are seen in the rifts of glaciers, the rest of Antarctica is barren. Many of the coastal regions of this continent are the habitats of Penguins and Seals.

♦ From which continent did Vasco Da Gama start his journey to India?
Europe

♦ Identify the natural borders of Europe with the help of an atlas.
• East - Asia                                
• West - Atlantic Ocean                        
• North – Arctic Ocean                          
• South - Africa

♦ What are the geographical features of Europe? 
• Mountain ranges such as the Alps, the Black Forest, and the Carpathians are located in Europe.
• Some of the longest rivers of the world, such as the Danube, the Volga and the Rhine, flow through this continent. 
• There are fertile plains and grasslands in Europe. The vast grasslands in eastern Europe are known as the 'Steppe'. 
• Certain areas in the northern coastlines of Europe are known as 'Fjords' or 'Fiords'.    

♦ What are the climatic features of Europe?  
Europe generally experiences moderate heat and cold. Snowfall during winter is common in the northern regions of this continent.   

♦ What are the features of flora and fauna in Europe?
• The Alpine region of Europe is famous for its grassland, and the Mediterranean regions for vineyards. 
• Cork Oak Trees, Alpine Steppe Grassland, and Lynx are some of the flora and fauna seen in Europe.

♦ Prepare a note on the human life of Europe.
Europeans generally maintain a high standard of living. Europe is a continent rich in art and cultural heritage. Athens and Rome, which are among the most ancient cities of the world, are situated in Europe. Cities such as Paris, London and Berlin are centres of art, fashion and technology.
♦ Prepare a note including the geographical features of Europe.
Europeans generally maintain a high standard of living and are rich in art and cultural heritage. Athens and Rome, which are among the most ancient cities of the world, are situated in Europe. Cities such as Paris, London and Berlin are centres of art, fashion and technology. The Alpine region of Europe is famous for its grassland, and the Mediterranean regions for vineyards. The continent generally experiences moderate heat and cold, and northern regions experience snowfall in winter. Mountain ranges such as the Alps, the Black Forest, and the Carpathians are located here. Some of the longest rivers of the world, such as the Danube, the Volga and the Rhine, flow through this continent. The vast grasslands in eastern Europe are known as the 'Steppe'. Certain areas in the northern coastlines of Europe are rich in a special geographic feature known as 'Fjords' or 'Fiords'.  

♦ Which country is known as the land of the kangaroo?
Australia

♦ The smallest continent is completely surrounded by the ocean.
Australia

♦ Identify the natural borders of Australia with the help of an atlas.
• North - Asia                               
• South - Antarctica                    
• East - Pacific Ocean                 
• West - Indian Ocean  

♦ What are the geographical features of Australia?
• Australia is the smallest continent and is completely surrounded by the ocean.    
• The Great Dividing Range is an important mountain range in Australia. • The Great Victoria is one of the major deserts here. 
• The Great Barrier Reef, situated on the eastern coast of Australia, is made of coral reefs. 
• Murray-Darling River basin is a fertile agricultural region in this continent.  

♦ What are the climatic features of Australia?  
The major area of Australia experiences arid climate. As we go to the interiors of the continent the intensity of dryness increases.

♦ What are the features of flora and fauna in Australia?
• The isolated position of Australia resulted in the evolution of flora and fauna in a different way. 
• Marsupials and egg-laying mammals are examples of this.
• Kangaroo, Platypus, Echidna, Koala, Eucalyptus, and Acacia are some of the flora and fauna seen in Australia. 

♦ Prepare a note on the human life of Australia.
• Australia is the land of modern cities and ancient culture. The indigenous tribal people here possess a very rich ethnic culture. 
• Cities like Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane are famous for their high standards of living and cultural activities.

♦ Complete the worksheet related to the geographical features of Australia.
• Desert• The Great Victoria
• Region which is made up of coral reefs• The Great Barrier Reef
• A fertile river basin• Murray-Darling River basin
• Mountain range• The Great Dividing Range

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