Kerala Syllabus STD 6 Social Science: Chapter 06 From Agriculture to Industry - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual

Study Notes for Class 6 Social Science - From Agriculture to Industry | Text Books Solution Social Science (English Medium) Chapter 6 കൃഷിയിൽ നിന്ന് വ്യവസായത്തിലേക്ക് | Teaching Manual & Teachers Handbook | പഠന സഹായികൾ അയക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുള്ളവർ ഈ നമ്പറിൽ വാട്സാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക: 9497346250. 
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Chapter 06: From Agriculture to Industry - Questions and Answers & Model Question
♦ What could have been the circumstances that led to the spread of agriculture? 
• In earlier times, it was land and human labour that people used for agricultural production.
• Eventually, sharp and strong tools made of iron were used to prepare more land for cultivation. 
• This helped to increase food production.

♦ Nishan is looking at the pictures related to human progress, exhibited in the Social Science Lab at his school.
List the findings of Nishan's observations in their chronological order.
• The making of weapons and tools
• The expansion of agriculture
• The exchange of commodities
• The sale of commodities

♦ What was the practice of exchanging goods for other goods known as?
Barter system

♦ ------------ is the process of exchanging goods or services for reward.
Trade 

♦ Write a note on the expansion of agriculture leading to the formation of cities using the given flowchart.
The sharp and strong tools made of iron were used to prepare more land
for cultivation. This helped to increase food production. This led to surplus production. People stored the surplus food items for future use and exchanged with those in need. Earlier, this practice of exchange existed only locally. Later, it spread across regions. Gradually, for the exchange of goods, coins made of copper, silver and gold were used as a medium of exchange. Handicrafts, textiles and spices were the
main items of domestic trade. Later on, the exchange of goods also began with distant regions. This is how large Trading centres and cities were formed.

♦ Which ancient trade route connected the East and West of Asia and extended commercial relationship between Asia, Europe, and Africa?
Silk Route.

♦ What is a Silk Route?
Silk Route is the trade route which maintained the commercial relationship between the east and the west of Asia and between Asia, Europe and Africa.

♦ What are economic activities?
The activities that generate income are economic activities. These activities are made possible through the process of production.

♦ Observe the pictures.
Tea is one of our favourite beverages. Tea leaves are needed to prepare tea. How do these tea leaves reach our homes?
• The leaves are plucked from the tea plants. 
• They are taken to the factory and are processed into tea powder. 
• This tea powder is packed in pouches and transported by vehicles to shops near our homes.

♦ Prepare a chart showing the classification of Economic Activities
♦ What is Primary Sector?
• The primary sector includes activities that directly utilise natural resources. 
• This sector is also known as Agricultural sector due to the importance given to agriculture. 
Examples: Agriculture, Forestry, Mining,  Fisheries, etc.

♦ What is Secondary  Sector?
• The secondary sector involves activities that create new products using raw materials from the primary sector. 
• This sector is also known as Industrial sector because it gives importance to industries.
Examples: Production of electricity, textile industry, construction, etc.
♦ What is Tertiary Sector?
• The tertiary sector is the sector that provides support to economic activities in the primary and secondary sectors. 
• It includes all kinds of service activities, such as the storage and distribution of products from the primary and secondary sectors. Therefore, this sector is also known as Service sector.
Examples: Banking, healthcare, communication, etc.

♦ Observe the pictures.
List the economic activities shown in the above pictures under the following three categories:
♦ The Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors are interconnected. Why?
The primary sector includes activities that directly utilise natural resources. The secondary sector involves activities that create new products using raw materials from the primary sector. The tertiary sector provides the services required for the primary and secondary sectors. Hence, all these three sectors are interconnected. Production becomes possible as a result of economic activities that take place in all three sectors.

♦ What is production?
Production is the process of making goods and services needed for people. 

♦ What are the different factors that help production? 
The factors of production are land, labour, capital, and organisation. 

♦ Explain the factors of production.
Production happens as a result of the action of several factors. The various elements that help the production are called factors of production. These are land, labour, capital, and organisation. 
• Land
Water, air, sunlight, soil, mined minerals and so on are referred to as land in production process. The natural resources from the Earth's surface, atmosphere, and interior are used for production.
• Labour
The use of manpower of workers in the production process is called labour. Workers become part of the production process using their physical and intellectual capabilities. Those who get rewarded for their work are considered as  labourers.
• Capital
The production process of any product requires capital. Capital refers to the wealth and resources used to produce goods and services. Factories, buildings, machineries, raw materials, vehicles, computers, and wages for workers are all part of capital.
• Organisation
Organisation is the co-ordination of factors of production such as land, labour and capital. Those who work for this are known as organisers / entrepreneurs. Forming a new business idea, raising the necessary capital, and implementing that idea are part of organisation. 

♦ Identify and list the natural resources used in production that are obtained from the land.
Coal, soil, water, forest resources, rock, wind (Windmill), petroleum, metals, sunlight, seawaves, tides, various minerals.

♦ Find examples for the various forms of capital listed below and write them down.
• Financial capital
• Human capital
• Physical capital
• Natural capital
Answer:
• Financial capital - money, investment, 
• human capital - skill, knowledge 
• Physical capital - machinery, infrastructure
• Natural capital - resources, environment

♦ Factors of production such as land, labour, capital, and organisation require reward. What are the rewards for factors of production?
Factors of production Reward
LandRent
LabourWages
CapitalInterest
OrganisationProfit
♦ Complete the given worksheet on production and factors of production.
♦ Make a list of the goods and services you have used in your home in the
past week.
• Goods: Food items, Soap, Cloths, Umbrella, Cosmetics, Mobile phone etc.
• Services: Service from the electricity board, Service from the Bank, Service from the Doctor, Service from the Teacher, Service from the Akshaya centre etc.

♦ What is Consumption?
Consumption is the act of buying and using goods and services to meet human needs.

♦ Who is called a consumer?
A consumer is a person who buys and uses any goods or services for a price or on an agreement to pay for it.

♦ As consumers what all rights do we have while buying goods and using services?
• Quality
• After-sales service
• Credibility
• Accuracy in measurement and weighing

♦ Complete the worksheet below.
♦ What should a consumer do if their rights are denied?
If the rights are denied to the consumer, one can approach the concerned government departments and consumer courts. Consumer Disputes Redressal Courts exist at district, state and national levels. Strict laws and consumer education are needed to prevent consumers from being exploited. 
♦ When did the Consumer Protection Act come into force in India?
1986

♦ What are the factors that influence economic progress?
• Factors such as production, surplus production, exchange systems, the impact of technology, and market growth influence economic progress. 
• The inter-relationship among the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors makes the economy dynamic.

Extended activities
♦ Complete the concept map.

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