STD 7 Social Science: Chapter 08 Towards a New Kerala Society - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual


Textbooks Solution for Class 7th Social Science (English Medium) നവകേരള സൃഷ്ടിക്കായി | Text Books Solution Social Science (English Medium) Chapter 08 Towards a New Kerala Society | ഈ അധ്യായത്തിന്റെ Teachers Handbook, Teaching Manual എന്നിവ ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യാനുള്ള ലിങ്ക് ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങളുടെ അവസാനം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.


Chapter 08: Towards a New Kerala Society - Questions and Answers
1. What were the evil practices that prevailed in the Kerala society in the
past?
• Caste discrimination                
• Exploitation                      
• Slavery
• Child marriage                         
• Untouchability

2. Who described Kerala as a lunatic asylum?
Answer: Swami Vivekananda described Kerala as a lunatic asylum.

3. Why did Swami Vivekananda describe Kerala as a 'lunatic asylum'?
Answer:
• Many social evils like the denial of equal opportunity and exploitation prevailed in Kerala due to rigid caste hierarchy.
• Discrimination was apparent in clothing, occupation, dwellings, language and even names.
• Women were denied equal opportunities.
It is this social condition that prompted Swami Vivekananda to
describe Kerala as a 'lunatic asylum'.

4. What are the activities of Vaikunta Swamikal against the evil customs and practices prevailed in Kerala society?
Answer:
• He dug well, which were free for use by everyone irrespective of caste.
• He also began the practice of inter-dining (Samapanthibhojanam)
• He raised his voice against the evil custom of preventing women of the so-called lower castes from wearing upper cloth.
• protested against the prohibition on temple entry.
• Formed Samatwasamajam, an organization for carrying out social reforms.

5. Which is the birthplace of Vaikunta Swamikal?
Answer: He was born at Shastamkoyil in Kanyakumari.

6. Which is the birthplace of Chattampi Swamikal?
Answer: He was born at Kannammoola in Thiruvananthapuram.

7. What are the activities of Chattampi Swamikal for the benefit and well being of human society irrespective of caste and creed?
Answer: He argued for the temple entry of the depressed classes and their freedom of movement. He interdined with the depressed classes and worked for their social progress. He opposed the Brahminic domination that existed in the society and cooperated with all sections of society in the activities for social reformation.

8. Where is the Samadhi of Chattampi Swamy located?
Answer: His samadhi was at Panmana in the Kollam district.

9. What was the real name of Chattampi Swamikal?
Answer: Chattampi Swamikals real name was Ayyappan.

10. How did the famous philanthropist Ayyappan get the name Chattampi Swamikal?
Answer: During his Gurukula days, he was assigned by his Guru the duty to monitor and administer the rules in the Gurukula. Thus he earned the name Chattampi (the one who is assigned to administer the rules) and later came to be Known as Chattampi Swamikal.

11. Which are the important works of Chattampi Swamikal?
Answer: Vedadhikaraniroopanam and Pracheenamalayalam.

12. How did the teachings and activities of Sree Narayana Guru influence the social changes in Kerala? Evaluate.
Answer:
• Elimination of the caste system was the primary aim of Guru’s social activities.
• He toiled for communal harmony.
• He organized an All Religion Conference at Aluva and at the main entrance of the venue he wrote thus: “This conference is not to argue and win, but to know and inform.”
• The declaration of Guru that the caste of humanity is being humane, created new waves in the society.
• His aim was to mould society into a civilized one.
• He created awareness against the evil customs like Pulikudi, Tirandukalyanam and Talikettukalyanam and advised people to lead a simple life by giving up extravagance and luxury. 
• The Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam was founded in 1903 to propagate the teachings of Guru. 
• His major works are Atmopadesasatakam, Darsanamala and Daivadasakam.
• The contributions of Guru in the field of social renaissance won the appreciation of Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore.

13. Where is the birthplace of Ayyankaali?
Answer: He was born at Venganur in the Thiruvananthapuram district.

14. How effective were the activities of Ayyankali in bringing about social change? Evaluate.
Answer:
• Ayyankali was a reformer who strived for the uplift of the depressed classes.
• He recognized that education is an investment for resolving social inequalities and improving the social status of the depressed classes.
• In 1904 Ayyankali established a school exclusively for the depressed classes.
• He started the fight for the right of freedom of movement of the depressed classes by travelling through the major roads of Travancore, thus creating history.
• The womenfolk of the depressed classes used to wear Kallumaalas (stone chains). Ayyankali called upon them to give up the Kallumaalas, which was a symbol of inferior status. 

15. Write Short note on Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham?
Answer: Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham was the organization Ayyankali founded for his reform activities. The right of Avarnas to walk freely along the public roads, school admission of the students from depressed classes and better wages for labourers were the aims of the organization.

16. How far did the activities of Vakkom Abdul Khader Maulavi help the social progress? Prepare a note.
Answer:
• He fought against superstitions.
• He promoted English education.
• He nurtured women education.
• He promoted education that gave importance to science and arts.
• He created awareness among organizations to Spread education.
• He collaborated with the activities of Muslim Aikya Sangham established at Kodungallur.
• He founded the magazines Muslim and Al Islam to spread the light of knowledge
• He founded the newspaper Swadeshabhimani to spread the light of knowledge

17. Who founded the newspaper Swadeshabhimani?
Answer: Vakkom Abdul Khader Maulavi

18. Where is the birthplace of Poykayil Sree Kumara Gurudevan?
Answer: He was born at Eraviperoor in Thiruvalla

19. What are the efforts of Poykayil Sree Kumara Gurudevan to bring social change?
Answer:
• Poykayil Sree Kumara Gurudevan propagated his ideologies through songs and speeches that expressed the miseries and agonies of slavery and the protest of the depressed.
• He was a social reformer who combined knowledge and Spirituality for the liberation of the depressed classes
• He fought against caste discrimination and exploitation and founded the organization Pratyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha for philanthropy, universal brotherhood and world peace.
• Sree Kumara Gurudevan who strived for social transformation was a member of Sree Mulam Praja Sabha twice.
• During the first world war, he organised an anti-war march against the British government.

20. Who founded Atmavidyasangham?
Answer: Vagbhatananda

21. What are the contributions of Vagbhatananda?
Answer: 
• He led movements in Malabar against social evils.
• He upheld monotheism 
• He founded Atmavidyasangham to create public awareness against superstitions and meaningless rituals.
• He gave importance to gender equality and poverty alleviation

22. Complete the table
Answer:
i. Chattampi Swamikal
Major Activities:-
• Argued for the temple entry of the depressed classes and their freedom of movement.
• He inter- dined with the depressed classes and worked for their social progress
• He opposed the Brahminic domination that existed in the society and cooperated with all sections of society in the activities for social reformation.
ii. Sree Narayana guru
Movements:- Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
Major Activities:-
• He knew that the upward social mobility of the depressed classes could not be attained through the propagation of ideology alone. So he devised practical ways for social change through poverty alleviation programmes. He suggested setting up industries for providing employment for people.
• He created awareness against the evil customs like Pulikudi, Tirandukalyanam and Talikettukalyanam and advised people to lead a simple life by giving up extravagance and luxury.
iii. Ayyankaali
Movements:- Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham
Major activities:-
• In 1904 Ayyankali established a school exclusively for the depressed classes.
• He started the fight for the right of freedom of Movement of the depressed classes by travelling through the major roads of Travancore, thus creating history.
• The womenfolk of the depressed classes used to Poykawear Kallumaalas (stone chain). Ayyankali called upon them to give up the Kallumaalas, which was a symbol of inferior status.
iii. Vakkom Abdul khader Moulavi
Movements:- Muslim Aikya Sangham
Major activities:-
• He fought against superstitions.
• He promoted English education.
• He nurtured women education.
• He promoted education that gave importance to science and arts.
• He created awareness among organizations to Spread education.
iv. Poykayil Sree Kumara Gurudevan
Movements:- Pratyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha
Major activities:-
• Poykayil Sree Kumara Gurudevan propagated his ideologies through songs and speeches that expressed the miseries and agonies of slavery and the protest of the depressed
• He fought against caste discrimination and exploitation
• During the first world war, he organised an anti-war march against the British government.
v. Vagbhatananda
Movements:- Atmavidyasangham
Major activities:-
• Led movements in Malabar against social evils.
• In addition to social reforms and poverty alleviation, he gave importance to gender equality.

23. Analyze the circumstances that laid the foundation for the formation of the Kerala society based on gender equality.
Answer: 
• The social reformers raised their voice against such exploitations, discriminations and inequalities.
• The Channar Revolt that we discussed in this chapter was one of the earlier movements that aimed at solving women issues.
• The Tolviraku Revolt at Cheemeni in Kasaragod and Mechilpullu Revolt led by Kandakai Kunhakkamma of Kandakai village in Kannur were women’s initiatives.
• The social activists of the Namboothiri community like V.T. Bhattathirippad and M.R. Bhattathirippad rallied against the inequalities
and discriminations faced by the Namboothiri women. This brought
about drastic changes in the status of the Namboothiri women.
• The plays, Adukkalayil Ninnu Arangathekku written by V.T. Bhattathirippad and Rithumati by Premji revealed to society the tragic plight of the Namboothiri women.
• Arya Pallam, Devaki Narikkattiri and Parvathy Nenmenimangalam were the leaders who strived to make the Namboothiri women self-sufficient
by organizing various activities. New ideas were formed and activities were organized for better wages and proper dress code and also against gender

24. Write some revolts conducted to bring gender equality?
Answer: The Channar Revolt, the Tolviraku Revolt at Cheemeni in Kasaragod, Mechilpullu Revolt led by Kandakai Kunhakkamma of Kandakai village in Kannur.

25. Who wrote the play ‘'Adukkalayil Ninnu Arangathekku ?
Answer: V.T. Bhattathirippad

26. Who wrote the play Rithumati?
Answer: Premji

27. What were the missionary activities?
Answer: The Christian missionaries played an important role in the social reform movements in Kerala. Their contribution to the field of education is remarkable. Their institutions admitted students from all sections of society, irrespective of caste and religion. This progress in education inspired the social awakening in Kerala.

28. Write some major missionary groups that functioned in Kerala as a part of social reformation?
Answer:
• London Mission Society
• Church Mission Society
• Basel Evangelical Mission

29. Who were the other reformers who created a new awakening in the field of social education in Kerala. What were their activities?
Answer: Reformers like Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K.P. Karuppan and Sayed Sanaulla Makti Thangal also helped in creating a new awakening spirit in the social and educational fields of Kerala
Their activities
• They made people aware of the evil effects of the caste system and
superstitions
• They emphasised the importance of education.
• Along with their efforts for social reforms, they urged people to propagate the message of harmony

30. Write some positive changes brought about by reform movements in Kerala?
Answer:
• Right to move freely along public roads was granted.
• Movements against the discrimination in occupation, naming, dwellings and dress code were formed.
• Caste hierarchy was questioned.
• It was realized that education is the basis of all progress.
• Modern education was promoted.
• The importance of women education and gender equality was recognized.

31. Which are the major fields of reformation that the social reformers in Kerala commonly emphasised?
Answer:
• Untouchability.
• Denial of temple entry
• Denial of freedom 
• Brahminic domination of movement.
• Denial of women
• Gender inequality education.





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