STD 7 Social Science: Chapter 09 Gandhiji and the Freedom Struggle - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual
Study Notes for Class 7th Social Science (English Medium) ഗാന്ധിജിയും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യ സമരവും | Text Books Solution Social Science (English Medium) Chapter 09 Gandhiji and the Freedom Struggle
SCERT Solutions for STD VII Social Science Chapterwise
Chapter 09: Gandhiji and the freedom Struggle - Questions and Answers & Model Questions
1. The ................. of the National movement began the arrival of Gandhiji.
Answer: Third phase
2. What is known as the Gandhian phase?
Answer: The third phase of the National Movement began with the arrival of Gandhiji. The period between 1919 and 1947, when Gandhiji led the movement is known as the Gandhian phase.
3. When did Gandhiji return to India?
Answer: 9 January 1915
4. Who established Sabarmati Ashram and where?
Answer: Gandhiji established Sabarmati Ashram at Ahmadabad in Gujarat.
5. What is the meaning of Satyagraha?
Answer: Satyagraha means ‘holding’ truth firmly.
6. What was the first strike led by Gandhiji in India?
Answer: The first strike led by Gandhiji in India was Champaran Satyagraha in 1917.
7. Prepare a note on the early activities of Gandhiji on his return from South Africa.
Answer: He travelled the length and breadth of the country to discover India and to discern the problems of Indians. He interacted with common people in their language. He devised a unique method of nonviolent resistance known as Satyagraha. He established the Sabarmati Ashram at Ahmedabad in Gujarat for the propagation of his ideas. The leadership of Gandhiji led to the massive participation of people in the National Movement.
8. When did Gandhiji return to India from South Africa?
Answer: After an eventful stay in South Africa for many years, Gandhiji returned to India on 9 January 1915.
9. Why did Gandhiji establish the Sabarmati ashram in Gujarat?
Answer: He established the Sabarmati Ashram at Ahmedabad in Gujarat for the propagation of his ideas.
10. Write a short note on Sathyagraha.
Answer: Satyagraha means ‘holding truth firmly’. It is founded on the principle of non-violence. The Satyagrahi condemns sin but does not condemn the sinner. Thesatyagrahi believes that the conscience of the sinner can be awakened.
11. Write a short note on Champaran Sathyagraha.
Answer: The first strike led by Gandhiji in India was the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917. It was against the exploitation of the indigo farmers of
Champaran in Bihar by the British planters. As a result, the British were compelled to adopt measures that brought relief to the farmers.
12. Which was the first hunger strike ever employed by Gandhiji in India.
Answer: In 1918, Gandhiji led a strike for the wage hike of cotton mill workers in Ahmedabad. It was the first hunger strike ever employed by Gandhiji in India.
13. When did the first hunger strike ever employed by Gandhiji in India?
Answer: In 1918
14. Which day was considered as Black Day?
Answer: 6 April 1919.
15. Who is known as Kaisar – e – Hind?
Answer: Gandhiji
16. Who gives an order for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Answer: – Micheal O ‘Dyer’.
17. Who killed Micheal O Dyer?
Answer: Udham Singh
18. When did Uddam Singh was executed?
Answer: 31 July 1940.
19. Why did Gandhiji call for a strike for non-payment of tax in Kheda?
Answer: In 1918, Kheda in Gujarat was struck by a natural calamity and there was an immense crop failure. The peasants of Kheda appealed to the British government for tax relaxation. The appeal was rejected by the authorities and Gandhiji called for a strike for non-payment of tax.
20. Write some inhuman treatment of Indians by the British government.
Answer:
• Firing of machine gun into crowds
• Flogging of the biggest schoolboys, because they happened to be bigger than other boys
• Flogging of men in public
• Handcuffing of people in pairs and parading them on public roads
• Handcuffing and roping people together and exhibiting them in public places
• Arrested people ordered to crawl
• Commandeering of vehicles owned by Indians
• Confiscation of property
• Removal of fans from Indian homes and giving them for use to Europeans
21. What all powers were given to the government under the Rowlett act?
Answer:
The Act authorized the government to:
• arrest an Indian without any warrant
• detain any Indian indefinitely without trial
• conduct trials in special tribunals
• deny the right of appeal petition
22. What was the reaction of people to the Rowlett act?
Answer: People intensely opposed the Act by organizing marches, hunger strikes, demonstrations, public meetings, and civil disobedience. Gandhiji called for a countrywide protest observing 6 April 1919 as Black Day. The whole nation responded with a hitherto unseen zest.
23. When did Gandhiji call for a countrywide protest against Rowlett act?
Answer: Gandhiji called for a countrywide protest observing 6 April 1919 as Black Day.
24. What was the approach of the British government towards peaceful and non-violent protests? Evaluate in the context of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
Answer: A public meeting was held at Jallianwala Bagh in protest. Jallianwala Bagh was a spacious public ground, surrounded by walls on three sides with a narrow exit. The British soldiers fired at the unarmed crowd. More than one thousand people were killed and many more were injured. The army did not permit anyone to nurse the wounded, to give them water or to remove the dead bodies. This dreadful event is known as the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. This was the approach of the British government towards peaceful and non-violent protests.
25. What are the major events that took place against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Answer:
• Gandhiji relinquished the title Kaisar-e-Hind conferred by the British government.
• Rabindranath Tagore renounced the title of ‘Sir conferred by the British.
• Countrywide protests were organized.
26. Who shot dead Michael O’ Dyer who had ordered the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Answer: Udham Singh
27. Who was known as the Khalif?
Answer: The supreme leader of Usmania or the Ottoman Empire, based in Turkey was known as the Khalif. The Khalif was also regarded as the spiritual leader of Muslims the world over.
28. What was the reason for starting the khilafat movement in India?
Answer: The Khalif was also regarded as the spiritual leader of Muslims the world over. During the First World War, Turkey joined the alliance opposing Britain. The Khilafat Movement was formed to protest against the injustice done to the Khalif in the war by the British.
29. Who was known as the ‘Ali Brothers?
Answer: Maulana Shaukat Ali and Maulana Muhammed Ali.
30. Who were the leaders of the Khilafat Movement in India?
Answer: The leaders of the Khilafat Movement in India were Maulana Shaukat Ali and Maulana Muhammed Ali.
31. Khilafat Day was observed all over India on ___________
Answer:17 October 1919
32. When did Malabar Rebellion Occur?
Answer: In 1921.
33. Where does Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occur?
Answer: In 1919 Amritsar in Punjab.
34. Vaikom Satyagraha occurs in _______
Answer:1924
35. “either I shall return with what I went or my dead body will float in the ocean” – who said it?
Answer: Gandhiji
36. What are the factors that motivated Gandhiji to extend his support to the activities of the Khilafat Movement? Prepare a note
Answer: Gandhiji believed that the Khilafat Movement would strengthen the solidarity formed among Hindus and Muslims during the Anti-Rowlett Act Movement. He extended his full support and cooperation to the movement.
37. When the Khilafat Day was observed all over India?
Answer: Khilafat Day was observed all over India on 17 October 1919.
38. Who leads the Non- cooperation movement?
Answer: The Non-Cooperation Movement was a mass protest conducted by the Indian National Congress under the leadership of Gandhiji.
39. In which session of the Indian National Congress the Non-cooperation movement was approved?
Answer: It was the special session of the Indian National Congress held at Calcutta in 1920 that approved the Non-Cooperation Movement.
40. What are the two levels of non-cooperation movement?
Answer: The Non-Cooperation Movement was carried out at two levels: by boycotting and through constructive programmes.
41. What are the strategies of Non- Cooperative agitation?
Answer:
• Boycotting foreign clothes.
• Non- payment of tax
• Resigning jobs and renouncing
• Boycotting courts honours
• Hindu-Muslim unity.
• Popularization of Khadi
• Eradication of untouchability.
• Establishment of national schools
42. Identify the circumstances that turned the Non - Cooperation Movement into a mass movement.
Answer: Non-Cooperation Movement was the first mass movement launched by Gandhi. It became a nationwide struggle due to the following
reasons: It united both Hindus and Muslims against the British. This expanded the base of the movement. Various social groups participated in the movement. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. From the cities, the Non-Cooperation spread to the countryside. It drew into its fold the struggles of peasants and tribals.
43. Prepare placards incorporating the ideas related to the Non - Cooperation Movement.
Answer: Boycott foreign Clothes Use khadi
44. Which incident led to the outbreak of the Malabar rebellion?
Answer: The people detained the police who arrived to arrest Vadakkeveettil Muhammed, the then secretary of the Pookkottur Khilafat Committee. There also spread a rumour that Ali Musliar, a leader of the
Khilafat Movement was arrested. It led to the outbreak of rebellion in the taluks of Eranad, Valluvanad, and Ponnani.
45. The British government brutally suppressed the struggles for freedom. Analyze the statement in the backdrop of the Malabar Rebellion and prepare a note on it.
Answer: The British brutally suppressed the mass movements against landlordism and unjust administration. For example- The wagon tragedy. Around 90 fighters who had been arrested in the Mappila Rebellion were dispatched to Coimbatore from Tirur railway station, stuffed into a freight (goods) wagon. Gasping for air, they clawed at each other in tormenting agony. By the time the wagon reached Podanur near Coimbatore, 72 had died and the rest were struggling to stay alive. This inhuman event that happened on 10 November 1921 is known as the Wagon Tragedy.
46. The Malabar Rebellion is an amalgamation of the peasant struggles and the Khilafat Movement. Evaluate.
Answer: The Malabar Rebellion in 1921 was a remarkable anti-British rebellion in Kerala. The tenants of Malabar faced several acts of injustice from the landlords like an eviction from agricultural land, imposition of heavy taxes, and an unaffordable share of the net agricultural produce (paattom). This coincided with the NonCooperation Movement and the Khilafat Movement becoming active in Kerala. At the peak of the anti-British and anti-landlord resentment, the people detained the police who arrived to arrest Vadakkeveettil Muhammed, the then secretary of the Pookkottur Khilafat Committee. There also spread a rumour that Ali Musliar, a leader of the Khilafat Movement, was arrested. It led to the outbreak of rebellion in the taluks of Eranad, Valluvanad, and Ponnani. The rebels were also furious at the landlords who assisted the British.
47. Complete the table given below:
Answer: In 1922, the farmers of Chauri Chaura village in Uttar Pradesh organized a demonstration against the harsh measures of the British. The police opened fire at the procession of around three thousand unarmed farmers. The angry mob retaliated by burning down the police station, which resulted in the death of 22 policemen. Gandhiji called off the Non-Cooperation Movement completely as the incident violated the principles of non-violent resistance.
49. How do the strategies of Gandhiji’s earlier movements differ from those of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Answer: The early struggles against British rule were confined to one particular place. But the non-cooperation movement was a mass struggle in which the entire people of the country participated. This united Hindus and Muslims against the British
50. Why the Vaikom Satyagraha was Started in 1924?
Answer: The Avarnas were not allowed to use the public roads around the Vaikom temple. The Vaikom Satyagraha in 1924 urged for freedom of movement along these public roads for all sections of society. Vaikom
Satyagraha was a remarkable movement in India against the practice of untouchability in public places.
51. Write a short note on Savarna Jatha?
Answer: Extending support to the Vaikom Satyagraha a procession of Savarnas (upper-caste Hindus) led by Mannathu Padmanabhan, set out from the Vaikom temple to Thiruvananthapuram on 1 November 1924. They submitted a memorandum to Maharani Sethu Lakshmi Bhai, requesting the opening of all roads to the Vaikom temple, irrespective of religion and caste.
52. Who led the savarna jatha?
Answer: Mannathu Padmanabhan
53. Who formed the Hindustan Republican Association?
Answer: Chandra Shekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru and Sukhdev formed the Hindustan Republican Association.
54. The Congress session held at ............. decided to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of Gandhiji.
Answer: Lahore in 1929
55. What was the aim of the Civil Disobedience Movement launched under the leadership of Gandhiji?
Answer: The aim of the movement was to disobey the unjust laws imposed by the British government.
56. Write the factors that prompted Gandhiji to adopt salt as a weapon for freedom struggle.
Answer: The Indians had to pay tax for making salt. The doubling of the salt tax by the British government fuelled the wrath of the people. Gandhiji realized that salt can be used as a weapon to organize a stronger mass movement. He decided to disobey the salt law.
57. How did Gandhiji break the salt law?
Answer: Accompanied by78 followers, Gandhiji set out from the Sabarmati Ashram and reached Dandi beach by marching 375 km on foot. On 6 April 1930, he launched the Civil Disobedience Movement by taking a handful of salt.
58. Who was popularly known as ‘Frontier Gandhi?
Answer: Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan
59. Who led the civil disobedience movement in the northwestern region?
Answer: Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan
60. Who were the prominent leaders of the Salt Satyagraha campaign in Kerala?
Answer: The prominent leaders of the Salt Satyagraha campaign in Kerala
were K. Madhavan Nair and E. Moidu Maulavi.
61. Which were the major centres of the Salt Satyagraha in Kerala?
Answer: The major centres of the Salt Satyagraha in Kerala were Kozhikode and Payyannur in Kannur.
62. Who led the Salt Sathyagraha in Payyannur?
Answer: The breaking of the Salt Law was organized in Payyannur under the leadership of K. Kelappan.
61. Who led the Salt Sathyagraha in Kozhikode?
Answer: Muhammad Abdu Rahman and P. Krishna Pillai
64. Why the Guruvayur Satyagraha was organized in 1931 in Kerala?
Answer: The trustee of the Guruvayur Temple, the then Zamorin, rejected Gandhiji’s request to open the temple to all Hindus irrespective of caste. In protest, people started Guruvayur Satyagraha.
65. Who were the main leaders of Guruvayur Satyagraha?
Answer: K. Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai and A. K. Gopalan
66. Jawaharlal Nehru described Gaidilieu as ‘the Queen of Nagas’. Why?
Answer: Impressed by the National Movement, the 13-year old Gaidilieu participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Acknowledging her role in the freedom struggle, Jawaharlal Nehru described her as ‘the Queen of Nagas’.
67. What are the circumstances that led to the PunePact.
Answer: BR Ambedkar participated in Round Table Conferences and urged the British government to involve the depressed classes in administration as a remedy to their social backwardness. The British government reserved a separate electorate for the depressed classes. Sensing that the separate electorate would alienate the depressed classes from the mainstream of society, Gandhiji decided to protest by fasting until death. To resolve the issue of the political right of the depressed classes, Gandhiji and Ambedkar met and reached a consensus to give up the separate electorates and to increase the number of reserved electorates for depressed classes in the legislature. This agreement in 1932 is known as the Pune Pact.
68. In which Round table conference did Gandhi participate?
Answer: Gandhiji took part in the second one.
69. The Quit India movement was launched in the All India Congress
Committee session held at .......... on 8 August 1942.
Answer: Bombay
70. What was the demand of the All India Congress Committee session held at Bombay on 8 August 1942 to the British government?
Answer: The session demanded the British to hand over all administrative
powers to the Indians and to quit India.
71. Quit India Movement
Answer: The Quit India Movement was a remarkable mass movement
against the British government. The movement was launched in the All India Congress Committee session held at Bombay on 8 August 1942. The session demanded the British to hand over all administrative powers to the Indians and to quit India.
72. What was the reaction of the British government to the Quit India movement?
Answer: Many Congress leaders were arrested. Gandhiji and his wife Kasturba were imprisoned at the Agha Khan Palace in Pune.
73. What was the reaction of people to the arrest of leaders during the quit India movement?
Answer: Protesting the arrest of the leaders, country-wide hartals and black days were observed and processions were organized. These protests gradually turned into rebellions. Railway stations were destructed, trains were set on fire, government offices were burnt to ashes, communication and broadcast facilities were destroyed, workers boycotted factories, and students quit classes.
74. The Guruvayur Satyagraha was organized in _______ in Kerala.
Answer: 1931
75. “DO or Die’ – who said it?
Answer: Gandhiji
76. What is the name of Gandhiji’s wife?
Answer: Kasturba Gandhi
77. Kasturba Gandhi passed away on _____
Answer: 22 February 1944.
78. When does the Quit India movement begin in Kerala?
Answer: On 9 August 1942
79. Which day is celebrated as ‘Quit India Day’?
Answer: 9 August,
80. Gandhiji described -------------- the leader of the Quit India Movement.
Answer: Aruna Asaf Ali
81. When did Kasturba Gandhi die?
Answer: 22 February 1944
82. Round Table Conferences
Answer: The British government organized Round Table Conferences to discuss issues related to India in 1930, 1931, and 1932. Dr B.R. Ambedkar participated in all three conferences. Gandhiji took part in the second one.
83. How does the nature of the Quit India Movement differ from that of the Civil Disobedience Movement? Discuss.
Answer: The Quit India Movement demanded the British hand over all administrative powers to the Indians and to quit India. The Civil Disobedience Movement were purely non-violent, the Quit India movement witnessed many instances of violence-related struggles.
84. Complete the table.
Answer: Though his famous proclamation ‘give me blood and I will give you freedom’, Subhas Chandra Bose urged the people to fight against the British.
87. Who founded the Indian National Army (INA)?
Answer: Rash Bihari Bose.
88. What was the ultimate aim of INA?
Answer: The ultimate aim of INA was the liberation of India.
89. Gandhiji described Subhas Chandra Bose as .........
Answer: ‘Netaji'
90. Elucidate the influence of the strategies adopted by Subhas Chandra Bose on India’s freedom struggle.
Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose believed that India’s independence was not the charity of the British, but was to be achieved through struggles. Though his famous proclamation ‘give me blood and | will give you freedom, Subhas Chandra Bose urged the people to fight against the British. He took over the leadership of the Indian National Army (INA) founded by Rash Bihari Bose.
91. i) Complete the table related to the agitations led by Gandhiji
Answer: Truth, Non-violence (ahimsa), the welfare of all (Sarvodaya) and peaceful protest are the common features of the Gandhian movements.
92. What demand was put forward at the session of the Muslim League held at Lahore in 1940?
Answer: The session put forward the demand for the formation of Pakistan incorporating the regions having a Muslim majority.
93. Who addressed Mahatma Gandhi as ‘Father of our Nation’?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose.
94. The slogan “Jai Hind’ is contributed by whom?
Answer: – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
95. Who was the leader of the women’s use of INA?
Ans: Captain Lakshmi
96. A session of the Muslim League was held at Lahore in __________
Ans: 1940
97. India won freedom on __________________
Answer: 15 August 1947
98. Who was the first Prime Minister of Free India?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru.
Let us assess
1. Evaluate the strategies of various movements from the First War of Indian Independence in 1857 to the Quit India Movement in 1942 and prepare a report on it.
Answer: The first independence movements were a kind of violence and is conducted with a social group. During the Gandhian era, the movements were conducted without any violence and with different kinds of social groups.
2. Prepare a note on the freedom Struggles organized in Kerala.
Answer: The Malabar Rebellion in 1921 was a remarkable anti-British rebellion in Kerala. The tenants of Malabar faced several acts of
injustice from the landlords. The British officials supported such actions of the landlords. During the Malabar rebellion, people reacted to the injustice of the British government. The Avarnas were not allowed to use the public roads around the Vaikom temple The Vaikom Satyagraha in 1924urged for freedom of movement along these public roads for all sections of the society. In connection with the Satyagraha, Mannathu Padmanabhan led the famous Savarna Jatha. After the Gandhiji's Dandi march, many salts
satyagraha was conducted in different parts of Kerala. Guruvayur Satyagrah was organized in 1931 in Kerala for the temple entry of depressed classes. In Kerala, the Quit India Movement began with a hartal on 9 August1942.
3. Complete the table
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