STD 6 Social Science: Chapter 08 Medieval World - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual


Study Notes for Class 6 Social Science (English Medium) മധ്യകാല ലോകം | Text Books Solution Social Science (English Medium) Chapter 08 Medieval World | Teaching Manual & Teachers Handbook
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Chapter 08: Medieval World - Questions and Answers & Model Questions
1. The above description gives us some hints about European history between the 5th and the 15th centuries CE (TextBook Page: 120). In world history, this period is known as the medieval period. What information about the history of medieval Europe can you gather from the given description? 
Answer:
• The Europeans constantly faced attacks
• The King distributed pieces of land to the lords who helped in defending the attacks.
• The lords distributed their land among others.
• Farmers were engaged to work in this land throughout the day.
• The life of the farmers was as like slaves.

2. Which period is known as the mediaeval period?
Answer: The period between the 5th and 15th centuries CE in world history is known as the mediaeval period.

3. Who enjoyed the highest status in the mediaeval European society?
Answer: King

4. To whom do the kings distribute land?
Answer: Lords

5. Who stood at the lowest stratum of the feudal society?
Answer: Farmers

6. What is feudalism?
Answer: The social system in mediaeval Europe, formed on the basis of land ownership, is called feudalism. The word Feudalism was derived from the German word ‘feud’ which means a piece of land.

7. What were the features of the various strata of the mediaeval European society?
Answer:
i. King
. The king enjoyed the highest status in the society
. He was the sole owner of the entire land.
ii. Lords
. They got land from the king
. In return, they offered military services to the king
. They gave a part of their land to the lesser loads
. The vast areas of land held by the lords were known as 'manor'
iii. Lesser Lords
. They got land from the lords.
. They served the lords.
iv. Farmers
. They stood at the lowest stratum of the society
. They worked hard as slaves

8. Discuss and prepare a note on the plight of the farmers in the feudal society.
Answer: The farmers stood at the lowest stratum of the feudal society. They were the majority and were compelled to work in fields and houses of the lords.  The lords led a luxurious life and did not cultivate the land themselves but got it cultivated by the peasants. The lives of peasants throughout medieval Europe were extremely difficult. They lived in a state of rural slaves.

9. What is manor?
Answer: The vast areas of land held by the lords were known as manors.

10. What did each manor consist of?
Answer: Each manor consisted of meadows, manor house ( the residence of the lord), mills, huts of farmers, and a place of worship.

11. How did medieval European cities develop?  Analyse.
Answer: Many new cities, was developed in Europe by the 11th century CE.
Centres of trade and handicrafts gradually developed into cities. Areas around ports also became cities. Such new cities initially began to develop in Italy. The Italian cities had trade relations with the Asian and the West European countries. Venice, Milan, Florence, and Genoa were the major newly developed Italian cities. Nuremberg (Germany) and Constantinople (Turkey) were the other major European cities. Spices, gems, and clothes from India and China were imported to these cities. From there, these goods were transported to other European countries.

12. In which European country did new cities begin to develop?
Answer: Italy

13. Which were the major cities developed in mediaeval Europe?
Answer:
. Venice, Milan, Florence and Genoa (Italy )
. Nuremberg ( Germany )
. Constantinople (Turkey)

14. What were the goods that were imported to medieval European cities?
Answer: Spices, gems, and clothes from India and China were imported to the cities.

15. What were the features of new cities, that were developed in Europe by the 11th-century CE?
Answer: Most of these cities had their own administrative system.  Tall boundary walls were built to protect these cities. These cities were not at all hygienic and were under the threat of epidemics like the plague.

16. Name the book that Giovanni Boccaccio mentioned about the plague?
Answer: Decameron

17. What was known as the black death?
Answer: Plague

18. Read the map. Identify and list out the countries where medieval cities developed. (TextBook Page 123)
Answer:
. Venice, Milan, Florence and Genoa (Italy )
. Nuremberg ( Germany )
. Constantinople (Turkey)

19. What are guilds?
Answer: The traders in the mediaeval European cities formed associations called guilds. Apart from traders, blacksmiths, goldsmiths, leather workers and carpenters also formed guilds. 

20. Evaluate the role of the guilds in the economic life of medieval Europe.
Answer: The newly developed European cities were the centres of handicrafts and trade. The traders in these cities formed associations called 'guilds'. Apart from traders, blacksmiths, goldsmiths, leather workers, and carpenters also formed guilds. The guilds fixed the prices and the quality of products and the working hours of the labourers.

21. Which were the major centres of knowledge in mediaeval Europe?
Answer: Churches and monasteries

22. Several universities functioned as centres of knowledge in medieval Europe. Read the table below and identify them.
23. What were the features of the churches constructed during the mediaeval period?
Answer: Architectural splendour of medieval Europe is evident in the construction of churches. Arches and spacious interiors are the features of the churches constructed during this period. This style of architecture is known as the Romanesque style. A new style of architecture known as the Gothic evolved by the 12th century CE. Pointed towers are a major feature of this style.

24. What is known as the Romanesque style?
Answer: Arches and spacious interiors are the features of the churches constructed during the mediaeval period. This style of architecture is known as the Romanesque style.

25. Complete the diagram with the Chinese contributions to science, technology, and art during the medieval period.
Answer:
26. Quitabul Hawi was written by -------------.
Answer:  Al Razi

27. Who invented the printing machine?
Answer: The Chinese

28. To which field did Al Razi and Ibn Sina contribute?
Answer: Medical Science

29. Name the medical work written by Ibn Sina
Answer: Al Qanun

30. Whose contribution in the literary work is One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights)?
Answer: The Arabs

31. Whose literary work is Shahnama?
Answer: Firdausi

32. Complete the diagram that depicts the contributions of the Arabs in the fields of science and literature.
Answer: 
Let us Asses

1. Which were the various strata of the feudal society?
Answer: 
• King
• Lords
• Lesser Lords
• Farmers

2. Examine the life of the farmers in the feudal society.
Answer: The farmers stood at the lowest stratum of the feudal society. They were the majority and were compelled to work in fields and houses of the lords.  The lords led a luxurious life and did not cultivate the land themselves but got it cultivated by the peasants. The lives of peasants throughout medieval Europe were extremely difficult. They lived in a state of rural slaves.

3. Analyse the role of trade in the development of medieval cities.
Answer: Many new cities, was developed in Europe by the 11th century CE.
Centres of trade and handicrafts gradually developed into cities. Areas around ports also became cities. Such new cities initially began to develop in Italy. The Italian cities had trade relations with the Asian and the West European countries. Venice, Milan, Florence, and Genoa were the major newly developed Italian cities. Nuremberg (Germany) and Constantinople (Turkey) were the other major European cities. Spices, gems, and clothes from India and China were imported to these cities. From there, these goods were transported to other European countries.

4. What are the features of the churches constructed during the medieval period?
Answer: Architectural splendour of medieval Europe is evident in the construction of churches. Arches and spacious interiors are the features of the churches constructed during this period. This style of architecture is known as the Romanesque style. A new style of architecture known as the Gothic evolved by the 12th century CE. Pointed towers are a major feature of this style.

5. Explain the significant achievements of the Arabs in the field of science and literature.
Answer:  The significant contributions of the Arabs were in the fields of science and literature. Al Razi and Ibn Sina were scholars in the field of medical science. Quitabul Hawi written by Al - Razi is a work on medical science. Al Qanun is the work of Ibn Sina. 'Rubaiyat' of Omar Khayyam and 'Shahnama' written by Firdausi are remarkable literary works of the period. The famous 'One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights) is another literary contribution of the Arabs. The Arabs acquired knowledge on science and technology that originated in ancient India. They propagated it in Europe.  The concepts of zero and the decimal system are examples of these.

6. Prepare a note on the contribution of the Chinese in the field of science and technology.
Answer: The Chinese invented the printing machine and gun powder. The Europeans acquired knowledge about these from the Chinese. The printing technology helped the development of knowledge. The mariner's compass, an instrument to find direction during navigation is also a Chinese contribution.

7. Match the items in column A with the items in column B
Answer: 
A           B
Italy  - Genoa
China - Printing technology
Spain  - Cordova
Al Razi - Quitabul Hawi
Firdausi - Shahnama

Extended activities 

1. Prepare a chart showing various strata of the feudal social hierarchy and their features. Exhibit it in the Social Science lab.



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