STD 5 Social Science: Chapter 08 Non-Violence, Wisdom, Power - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual 


Textbooks Solution for Class 5th Social Science (English Medium) അഹിംസ, അറിവ്, അധികാരം | Text Books Solution Social Science - Chapter 08 Non-Violence, Wisdom, Power | Teaching Manual & Teachers Handbook

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Chapter 08: Non-Violence, Wisdom, Power - Questions and Answers
1. What Is Janapadas?
Answer: The settlements with newly developed trading centres and towns were known as Janapadas.

2. What is Mahajanapadas ?
Answer: Among the Janapadas that stretched from the Gangetic plain to the Godavari basin, 16 Janapadas gain power. These were known as Mahajanapadas. Magadha was the most powerful among the Mahajanapadas

3. what were the factors that helped Magadh to grow as a powerful Kingdom?
Answer:
• Largest deposits of iron ore
• With better tools agriculture became easier
• Great progress in trade
• Powerful army

4. Bimbisara was the ruler of which Mahajanapada?
Answer: Magadha

5. King Bimbisara of Magadha proclaimed that no one should practise animal sacrifice as part of yajna henceforth. What could have prompted him to make such a proclamation?
Answer: The role of agricultural progress in the growth of Magadha to a
powerful kingdom. Cattle were the backbone of the agricultural sector in those days. They were essential for ploughing and a source of manure. The extensive killing of cattle as offerings during the Yagas adversely affected agriculture. It is in this context that King Bimbisara made such a royal proclamation.

6. Why did Buddhism and Jainism give much importance to the idea of Ahimsa?
Answer: It was the widespread animal sacrifice that prompted Buddha and Mahavira to spread the doctrine of Ahimsa.

7. Write down the principle of Buddhism and Jainism.
Answer:
Jain Principles• Right knowledge• Right faith
• Right conduct
Buddhist Principles
• The worldly life is full of sufferings
• Desire is the sole reason for unhappiness
• One can ward off sufferings if one frees oneself from desires
• Adopting the eight-fold path frees one from desires and sufferings

8. Who was Chanakya?
Answer: Chanakya, also known as Kautilya, was the chief advisor to Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan empire.

9. Arthasasthra
Answer: Arthasasthra is the greatest work of Chanakya. It discusses how a powerful and effective administration should be organised.

10. The war which converted Ashoka to Buddhism
Answer: Kalinga war

11. What was the aim of Dhamma (Dharma)?
Answer: Dhamma aimed at maintaining peace in the nation by promoting unity and tolerance among the people.

12. What are the main Ideals of Dharma?
Answer:
• Obey parents
• Respect gurus (teachers)
• Denounce animal sacrifice
• Express tolerance towards every religion
• Show kindness  towards fellow creatures

13. What was socio-economic life like during the Mauryan period?
Answer:
• Social stratification based on the Chaturvarnya doctrine prevailed.
• Sudras were confined to agricultural work.
• Buddhism and Jainism became more popular.
• Agriculture and trade flourished.
• The rulers provided better irrigation facilities for the progress of agriculture.
• Handicrafts like sewing and weaving existed.
• Coins were in use for transactions.
• Several roads were constructed for the progress of trade.

14. Explain the progress made in architecture and sculpture during the Mauryan period?
Answer: Many stupas were built during the Mauryan period, similar to the one erected by Emperor Ashoka at Sanchi. Besides these, the Maurya kings built many palaces and several pillars like the one at Saranath.  All these monuments point to the progress in the fields of architecture and sculpture during that period.

15. After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, the fourth century AD marked the growth of a new dynasty in the Gangetic plain the Guptas. Which are The important rulers of the Gupta were
Answer:
• Chandragupta I,
• Samudragupta 
• Chandragupta II

16. Compare the socio-economic life of the Maurya and the Gupta periods
Answer:
i. Maurya period
• Social stratification based on the Chaturvarnya doctrine prevailed.
• Sudras were confined to agricultural work.
• Buddhism and Jainism became more popular.
• Agriculture and trade flourished.
• The rulers provided better irrigation facilities for the progress of agriculture.
• Handicrafts like sewing and weaving existed.
• Coins were in use for transactions.
• Several roads were constructed for the progress of trade.
ii. Gupta period
• More people engaged in agriculture. 
• The kings used to offer large shares of land as gifts to priests and places of worship. 
• The farmers were made to engage in agriculture in these lands by the priests.
• There was an increase in social inequality during this period. 
• The popularity of Buddhism and Jainism weakened.

17. Who was known as Navaratna?
Answer: A group of nine scholars who lived in the court of Chandragupta II  is known as the Navaratna.  They were Kalidasa, Ghatakarpara, Kshapanaka, Vararuchi, Varahamihira, Vetalbhata, Dhanvantari, Amarasimha, and Sanku.

18. Important works of Kalidasa
Answer:
• Abhijnanasakuntalam
• Meghasandesam
• Kumarasambhavam

19. What is the proof of the superiority of steel processing in the Gupta period?
Answer: The Iron Pillar pillar, constructed during the period of Chandragupta II is presently situated at Mehrauli in Delhi. The survival of this iron pillar still remains rust-resistant even after centuries of snow, rain and sun. This iron pillar is the epitome of the smelting process of iron in the Gupta period.

20. The names of famous scholars of the Gupta period are given in the table. Write down the field in which they were famous.
Answer: 
21. During whose time was the Nalanda University, a renowned centre of learning in ancient India, founded?
Answer: Nalanda University, a famous educational centre in ancient India. It was established during the Gupta period. Students from different parts of Asia came here in pursuit of knowledge. Thousands of students and hundreds of teachers were engaged in educational activities in the University.

Let us assess

1. Was the emergence of Buddhism and Jainism the need of the period? Substantiate your opinion.
Answer:
• In the history of India, 6° century BC had an important place.
• There exist many social evils in society.
• The people who had to suffer consequences of the evil customs of the religion and caste discriminations accepted Jainism and Buddhism. This led to great changes in the social order of the time.
• During the later Vedic period cattle wealth began to decrease due to the slaughter of the cattle by the Brahmin priests in the sacrifices.
• When Buddhism and Jainism came forward against these practices, the peasants welcomed them.
• The propagation of Ahimsa led to the protection of cattle wealth and progress in agriculture and production. This caused changes in the economic life of the people.

2. Elucidate the factors that favoured the growth of Magadha.
Answer: Magadha had large deposits of iron ore. The use of iron weapons and implements were instrumental in the growth of Magadha. Iron axe was effective in clearing the dense forests of the Gangetic plain. They were able to till hard soil using iron ploughshare. Consequently, agricultural production increased. This stimulated trade and the subsequent growth of cities. Magadha attained prosperity with the progress of agriculture and trade. This helped Magadha to organize a huge army and conquer the nearby regions. Rulers of Magadha, during their reigns, annexed other Janapadas to Magadha, thus making it a larger kingdom.

3. What role did the agricultural sector play in the formation of the Janapadas?
Answer:
• Settled life and spread of agriculture led to the emergence of Mahajanapadas.
• They cultivated in the banks of the river where fertile soil and irrigation were available.
• Thus they began to lead a settled life.
• Discovery of iron created a sudden change in the life of mankind.
• They made agricultural implements and the cultivation became better.
• There formed small Janapadas. The feudalists and kings rose up.

4. Explain the Dhamma of Ashoka.
Answer:  There will be peace in the kingdom only if different sections of people co-exist harmoniously. To ensure this in his empire, Ashoka adopted the policy of Dhamma (Dharma). Dhamma aimed at maintaining peace in the nation by promoting unity and tolerance among the people.
Some of the ideals of it are given below.
• Obey parents
• Respect gurus (teachers)
• Denounce animal sacrifice
• Express tolerance towards every religion
• Show kindness  towards fellow creatures

5. Elucidate the progress achieved in the fields of art, literature and science during the Gupta period.
Answer: The Iron Pillar pillar, constructed during the period of Chandragupta II is presently situated at Mehrauli in Delhi. The survival of this iron pillar still remains rust-resistant even after centuries of snow, rain and sun. This iron pillar is the epitome of the smelting process of iron in the Gupta period.
Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, Bhaskaracharya, and Aryabhatta gave valuable contributions to the field of science in the Gupta period. Varahamihira and Brahmagupta made remarkable contributions to astronomy, Bhaskaracharya to mathematics, and Aryabhatta to both astronomy and mathematics.
Many works were written in Sanskrit during the Gupta period. Kalidasa was an important literary figure of the period. Abhijnanashakuntalam, Meghasandesam, and Kumarasambhavam are his great works.





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